[161] China Confidential,p.489;采访卜睿哲。
[162] Chas Freeman,“The End of Taiwan?”,New York Times ,February 15,1996,p.A—27.
[163] Robert Ross,“The 1995—1996 Taiwan Strait Confrontation”,International Security,Vol.25,No.2( Fall 2000),p.109.
[164] 参见本书第395页。并见Harry Harding,“Again on Interim Agreements in the Taiwan Strait”,in Gerrit Gong,ed.,Taiwan Strait Dilemmas.China-Taiwan-U.S.Policies in the New Century(CSIS ,March 2000),pp.3—6.“六项保证”见本书第156页。
[165] Face Off,p.151.
[166] Arthur Waldron,“Back to Basics:The U.S.Perspective on Taiwan-PRC Relations”,in James Lilley and Chuck Downs,eds.,Crisis in the Taiwan Strait(National Defense University Press,1997),p.339.
[167] 参见《参考消息》2001年7月24日。
[168] 采访卜睿哲。
[169] 陈子帛:《美台关系会否峰回路转》,《信报》2003年7月25日。
[170] Cooperation or Conflict in the Taiwan Strait ,pp.7—8;采访李侃如。
[171] Bradley Graham,“U.S.Approves Arms Sales to Taiwan”,Washington Post ,March 20,1996,p.A—24;采访简淑贤。
[172] Patrick E.Tyler,“Beijing Steps up Military Pressure on Taiwan Leader”,New York Times,March 7,1996,p.A—1;Steve Mufson,“Chinese Ships,Planes Muneuver Near Taiwan”,Washington Post ,March 13,1996,p.A—18.
[173] 参见张蕴岭主编:《转变中的中、美、日关系》,中国社会科学出版社1997年版,第374—375页。
[174] 转引自理查德·伯恩斯坦、罗斯·芒罗著,隋丽君等译:《即将到来的美中冲突》,新华出版社1997年版,第152页。
[175] China Confidential ,p.491.
[176] 参见Harry Harding,“Red Star Rising in the East”,Washington Post,March 9,1997,p.X-4;A Fragile Relationship,p.291.
[177] 大选之前,有的共和党人就宣称,如果克林顿再次当选,共和党要让他每天都像生活在地狱中一样。哈佛大学研究员布莱克韦尔Robert Blackwill在中国社会科学院美国研究所的报告,1996年8月26日。
[178] 类似的报道有:Susan Schmidt,“Clinton:New Allegations Warrant Vigorous Probe”,Washington Post,February 14,1997;Brian Duffy and Bob Woodward,“FBI Probes China Linked Contributions,Task Forces Examines Influence on Congress”,The Washington Post,February 28,1997,p.A-1;Paul Blustein:“Campaign Gifts Controversy Hampers US China Policy”,Washington Post ,March 20,1997,p.A-1-2;Mark Hosenball and Even Thomax,“A Chinese Connection?” Newsweek,February 24,1997;Brian Duffy and Bob Woodward,“FBI Altered 6 Lawmakers to Donations from Beijing”;International Herald Tribune,March 10,1997;Michael Kelly,“TRB:Citic-Vip”,The New Republic,March 10,1997;Michael Dobbs,“Albright Tells Chinese Envoy of ‘Serious Concern’”,Washington Post ,April 29,1997,p.A-14;Edward Walsh and Guy Gugliotta,“Chinese Plan to Buy US Influence Alleged,Thompson Issues Charge as Hearings Begin”,Washington Post ,July 9,1997,p.A-1.
[179] 《即将到来的美中冲突》,第9页。
[180] 《华盛顿邮报》的专栏作家霍格兰德写道:“今日的美国缺乏对中国的共识,美国人缺乏一种足够强大和足够深刻的对中国的共同见解来支持一种前后一贯的政策,或者与中国敌对,或者与中国合作。” 见Beyond Tiananmen ,p.284.这可以说是当时美国情况的真实概括。美国对华政策辩论是从冷战结束之后就开始的,1997年后仍在继续,只是1997年达到高潮。所以本章中也采用了少数1997年前后的材料。
[181] Kenneth Auchincloss,“Friends or Foe”,Newsweek ,April 1,1996,pp.14—19.
[182] 《即将到来的美中冲突》,第49—51页。
[183] Michel C.Oksenberg,Michael D.Swaine,Danial C.Lynch,The Chinese Future(Pacific Council on International Policy & RAND Center for Asia-Pacific Policy,1997),pp.4—5,27.
[184] 《即将到来的美中冲突》,第172—174页。
[185] Robert Ross,“Strategic and Bilateral Context of Policy-Making”;Marcus Noland,“U.S.-China Economic Relations”,in Robert Ross,ed.,After the Cold War.Domestic Factors and U.S.-China Relations(New York:M.E.Sharpe,1998),pp.20—22;107—148;Robert Ross,“Why Our Hardliners Are Wrong”,The National Interest ,Fall 1997,p.47.
[186] Paul Blustein,“The China Conundrum;Engaging Beijing May Be the Only Choice”,Washington Post ,April 13,1997.
[187] 《即将到来的美中冲突》,第59—60页。
[188] Solomon M.Karmel,“The Chinese Military’s Hunt for Profits”,Foreign Policy,Summer,1997,p.106.
[189] 《即将到来的美中冲突》,第121页。
[190] 安德鲁·内森、罗伯特·罗斯:《长城与空城计——中国对安全的寻求》,新华出版社1997年版,第140页。
[191] Lane,Weisenbloom and Liu,eds.,Chinese Military Modernization(Washington,D.C.:The AEI Press,1997),pp.184—187.
[192] 《长城与空城计》,第8、139页;Robert Ross,“Why Our Hardliners Are Wrong”,The National Interest ,Fall 1997,p.43.
[193] “Why Our Hardliners Are Wrong”,The National Interest ,Fall 1997,p.42.
[194] David Shambaugh,“China’s Military:Real or Paper Tiger?”,The Washington Quarterly ,Spring,1996,pp.19—36.
[195] The Joint Economic Committee,Congress of the United States:“China’s Economic Future:Challenge to the US Policy”(Armonk,New York:M.E.Sharpe,1997),pp.320—338.
[196] Joseph Nye,“The Case for Deep Engagement”,Foreign Affairs ,Vol.74,No.4(July/August 1995),p.100.
[197] “Why Our Hardliners Are Wrong”,The National Interest ,Fall 1997,p.45.
[198] 史文和阿勒斯泰·约翰斯顿:《中国与军备控制》,伊莉莎白·埃克诺米(易明)、米歇尔·奥克森伯格(即欧森柏)主编:《中国参与世界》,新华出版社2001年版,第124页。
[199] 《即将到来的美中冲突》,第51—53、89页。
[200] Martin Sieff,“Chinese-U.S.Relations Take Center State.Some Experts Fear Imperial Goals in Future”,Washington Times ,June 13,1997,p.A—19.
[201] 《人民日报》1997年10月25日。
[202] Harry Harding,“Red Star Rising in the East”,Washington Post ,March 9,1997,p.X—4.
[203] 转引自王缉思:《高处不胜寒》,世界知识出版社1999年版,第276页。
[204] 《中国参与世界》,第8页。
[205] Robert Ross,“Beijing as a Conservative Power”,Foreign Affairs ,March/April 1997.
[206] “Why Our Hardliners Are Wrong”,The National Interest ,Fall 1997,p.42.
[207] “Why Our Hardliners Are Wrong”,The National Interest ,Fall 1997,p.42.
[208] See David Shambaugh,“Containment or Engagement”,International Security ,Vol.21,No.2(Fall 1996),p.185.
[209] See Paul Blustein,“The China Cunundrum;Engaging Beijing May Be the Only Choice”,Washington Post ,April 13,1997.
[210] Peter Rodman,“And How to Handle China”,National Review,May 5,1997,pp.39—42.
[211] Aaron Friedberg,“Broken Engagement”,The Weekly Standard ,February 24,1997,pp.12—13.
[212] Joseph Nye,“The Case for Deep Engagement”,Foreign Affairs,Vol.74,No.4(July/August 1995),p.94.
[213] 《中国参与世界》,第10页。
[214] 兹比格纽·布热津斯基著、中国国际问题研究所译:《大棋局》,上海人民出版社1998年版,第242页。
[215] Kenneth Lieberthal:“A New China Strategy”,Foreign Affairs ,Vol.74,No.6(November/December 1995),p.37.
[216] David Shambaugh,“Containment or Engagement of China”,International Security ,Vol.21,No.2(Fall 1996),pp.207—208.
[217] National Committee on United States-China Relations,Inc,Toward Strategic Understanding Between American and China,December 1996,p.i.
[218] Ezra F.Vogel,ed.,Living with China.U.S.China Relations in the Twenty-first Century(New York:W.W.Norton & Company,1997),p.18.
[219] Living with China ,pp.284—285.
[220] Living with China ,p.160.
[221] Kenneth Lieberthal:“A New China Strategy”,Foreign Affairs ,Vol.74,No.6(November/December 1995),p.37.
[222] “Why Our Hardliners Are Wrong”,The National Interest ,Fall 1997,p.45.
[223] “A New China Strategy”,Foreign Affairs ,Vol.74,No.6(November/December 1995),p.36.
[224] Joseph Nye,“Foreword”,John F.Kennedy School of Government,Harvard University:The China Initiative ,February 1998.
[225] David Lampton,“A Growing China in a Shrinking World:Beijing and the Global Order”,Living with China ,p.121.
[226] David Shambaugh,“Containment or Engagement of China”,International Security ,Vol.21,No.2(Fall 1996),p.181.
[227] 《长城与空城计》,第229页。
[228] 《中国参与世界》,第194、208—209页。
[229] 《中国参与世界》,第12页。
[230] The Chinese Future ,pp.4—5,27.
[231] 《中国参与世界》,第127—128页。
[232] “Final Report of the Eighty-Ninth American Assembly”,Living with China ,p.300.
[233] Kenneth Lieberthal:“A New China Strategy”,Foreign Affairs ,Vol.74,No.6(November/December 1995),p.36.
[234] Harry Hardiing,“Breaking the Impass over Human Rights”,Living with China ,pp.174—183.
[235] “Final Report of the Eighty-Ninth American Assembly”,Living with China,pp.304—305.
[236] “A New China Strategy”,Foreign Affairs,Vol.74,No.6(November/December 1995),p.36.
[237] Robert Sutter and James J.Przystup,“U.S.-China Relations:Issues and Options”,in Kim R.Holmes and James J.Przystup,eds.,Between Diplomacy and Deterrence.Strategies for U.S.Relations with China(Heritage Foundation,1997),pp.3,16.
[238] 参见Harry Harding,“Red Star Rising in the East”,Washington Post ,March 9,1997,p.X—4.
[239] 沈大伟在中国社会科学院美国研究所的讲演,1997年6月12日。
[240] About Face ,p.351.
[241] Address to the American Assembly by Senator Sam Nunn,Living with China ,p.284.