1 英国当时从事绘画的诸多杰出艺术家，伊萨克·克鲁克香克、托马斯·罗兰森、乔治·伍德沃德、查理斯·威廉或吉尔雷本人，都没能创作出一幅令人信服和不奴颜婢膝的平民爱国者形象。其原因既有美学上的，又有政治上的：参见John Barrell, The Dark Side of the Landscape: The Rural Poor in English Painting 1730—1840 (Cambridge, 1980); and cf. Matthew Paul Lalumia, Realism and Politics in Victorian Art of the Crimean War (Epping, 1984), pp. 1—38。
2 引自Geoffrey Best, War and Society in Revolutionary Europe 1770—1870 (1982), p. 63。
3 例如，见Alan Forrest, Conscripts and Deserters: The Army and French Society during the Revolution and Empire (New York, 1989); 及他的The Soldiers of the French Revolution (Durham, N. C., 1990); Charles J. Esdaile, The Spanish Army in the Peninsular War (Manchester, 1988); T. C. W. Blanning, The French Revolution in Germany: Occupation and Resistance in the Rhineland 1792—1802 (Oxford, 1983)。
4 Insurrection: The British Experience 1795—1803 (Gloucester, 1983), p. 262.
5 John Brewer, The Sinews of Power: War, Money and the English State, 1688—1783, (1989), p. 30.
6 Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (1988), pp. 156—180.
7 见Clive Emsley, British Society and the French Wars 1793—1815 (1979), passim。
8 在1805年3月，霍金斯伯里爵士告诉与他随行的贵族，仅在联合王国国内，就有81万人在服役：“就是说这个国家整个男性人口的将近四分之一都可以拿起武器……比例高于那时地球上其他任何一个国家”，Hansard, 1st series, 3 (1805), p. 808。
9 J. R. Western, The English Militia in the Eighteenth Century: The Story of a Polotical Issue (1965), pp. 127—154.
10 见I. F. W. Beckett, “Buckinghamshire Militia Lists for 1759: A Social Analysis”, Records of Buckinghamshire, 20 (1977)。
11 见1796年8月13日的全国范围民兵反馈信息, P. R. O., 30/8. 244, fol. 92。
12 Western, English Militia, pp. 219—224; 另见他的“The Formation of the Scottish Militia in 1797”, Scottish Historical Review117 (1955)。
13 A View of the Establishment of the Royal Edinburgh Volunteers (Edinburgh, 1797); 非常感谢J. E. Cookson 允许我在他的文章“Patriotism and Social Structure: The Ely Volunteers, 1798—1808”发表前进行查阅。
14 Ann Hudson, “Volunteer Soldiers in Sussex during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1793—1815”, Sussex Archaeological Collections 122 (1984), p. 179.
15 英国在1790年代及之后发生革命的可能性，对此的争论一直很尖锐——这也很自然，因为这个问题纯属假设——也没有定论。从两种完全相反的政治立场所作的两种证明充分的诠释，参见Wells, Insurrection: The British Experience, 和 Ian R. Christie, Stress and Stability in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain (Oxford, 1984)。我自己的观点是，混乱和不满比克里斯汀教授的估计更严重，但首先从可能爆发革命的角度来讨论这些紧张状态，并没有帮助。
16 D. V. Glass, Numbering the People: The 18th Century Population Controversy and the Development of Census and Vital Statistics in Britain (1978), p. 107.
17 Richard Cobb, The People’s Armies, trans. Marrianne Elliott (New Haven and London, 1987), p. 10. 关于很多尚存的英格兰和威尔士诸郡反馈数据名单，见I. F. W. Beckett (ed. ), The Buckinghamshire Posse Comitatus 1798 (Aylesbury, 1985), pp. 363—366。尚未有穷尽一切的名单，因为必要的研究仍未完成。
18 见附录二。
19 Defence of the Realm return for Crickadarn parish, National Library of Wales, Maybery MSS 6941—6964.
20 Sussex Militia List, Pevensey Rape1803 Northern Division (Eastbourne, 1988), under East Grinstead.
21 W. G. Hoskins (ed. ), Exeter Militia List 1803 (Chichester, 1972), pp. 52 and 74.
22 引自J. R. Dinwiddy, “Parliamentary Reform as an Issue in English Politics, 1800—1810”, London University Ph. D. dissertation, 1971, pp. 56—57。
23 Return of volunteers in Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire Record Office, HA 15/1—4; Litcham parish association list, Norfolk Record Office, Townshend MS 5 B6.
24 见Appendices 2 and 3; Western, English Militia, pp. 447—448。
25 Nicholas Mansfield, “Volunteers and Recruiting”, in G. Gliddon (ed. ), Norfolk and Suffolk in the Great War (Norwich, 1988), p. 19. 与东英吉利这样的内陆地区不同，沿海地区(尤其是诺福克)的确具有很强的海军传统：但我怀疑在许多情况下，人们的首要愿望对象是海洋及其机会，而不是陆地及其统治者。
26 J. W. Fortescue, The County Lieutenancies and the Army 1803—1814 (1909), pp. 32—37.
27 在1803年12月，下院被告知，有217，196支枪被分发给了志愿军团: Hansard, 1stseries, Ⅰ(1803—4), pp. 381—382。
28 关于苏格兰贵族所能对征兵施加的压力，见Eric R. Crageen, Argyll Estate Instruc-tions: Mull, Morevern, Tiree 1771—1805 (Edinburgh, 1964), p. 195。
29 Hansard, 1st series, Ⅰ (1803—4), p. 1902.
30 见附录二。
31 引自Hudson, “Volunteer Soldiers in Sussex”, p. 169。
32 Lord Advocate to Lord Pelham, 6 August 1803, P. R. O., H. O. 102, vol. 18, Part2, RH2/4/88, fol. 244.
33 Western, “Formation of the Scottish Militia”, p. 8.
34 见William Withering反对Henry Dundas的论点, 26 April 1798, Scottish Record Office, GD51/1/931。
35 Defence of the Realm returns for Basingstoke hundreds 1798, Hampshire Record Office, B/XVIIa/5/3.
36 Defence of the Realm returns for Barford, Stodden and Willey hundreds, Bedfordshire Record Office, HA 15/1—4.
37 M. Y. Ashcroft, To Escape the Monster’s Clutches: Notes and Documents Illustrating the Preparations in North Yorkshire to Repel the Invasion Threatened by the French from 1793, North Yorkshire County Record Office Publications, no. 15 (1977), p. 75.
38 关于普罗旺斯的信息来自于Alan Forrest的讲座: “Conscription, Desertion, and the Rural Com-munity in France, 1792—1814”。
39 Western, English Militia, pp. 258—259.
40 这些推测基于附录二中分析的1804年反馈的数据同1801年普查的节略数据之间的对比。
41 Forrest, Conscripts and Deserters, pp. 79—81.
42 Edinburgh Review 5 (1803), pp. 10—11.
43 关于失业与征兵，见Clive Emsley, “The Impact of War and Military Participation on Britain and France 1792—1815”, in his and James Walvin (eds), Artisans, Peasants and Proletarians 1760—1860: Essays presented to Gwyn A. Williams (1985), pp. 71—72。
44 Fortescue, County Lieutenancies, p. 111.
45 Defence of the Realm return for Edinburgh county, 30 April 1798, Scottish Record Office, GD 224/628/3/18.
46 Letter dated 7 August 1803 included in the Defence of the Realm return for Riseley, Bedfordshire Record Office, HA 15/2.
47 Autobiography of Peter Laurie, Guildhall Library, London, MS 20, 334, fol. 17.
48 本段剩余部分基于James Brown’s The Rise, Progress and Military Improvement of the Bristol Volunteers (1798)。
49 E. A. Wrigley and R. S. Schofield, The Population History of England, 1541—1871 (Cambridge, 1981), p. 529. 在1821年，苏格兰30岁以下的人口占其总人口比例超过60%，T. C. Smout, A History of the Scottish People 1560—1830 (Glasgow, 1972), p. 262。
50 “The Pitman’s Revenege (sic) against Buonaparte”, in A Collection of New Songs (Newcastle, n. d. ).
51 K. J. Logue, Popular Disturbances in Scotland 1780—1815 (Edinburgh, 1979), p. 103（重点标志由我所加）。
52 David Neave, “Anti-Militia Riots in Lincolnshire, 1757 and 1796”, Lincolnshire History and Archaeolory 11 (1976), p. 25.
53 National Library of Wales, Tredegar MS 405.
54 见Fortescue, County Lieutenancies, pp. 198 et seq。
55 Printed letter from John Trevor to parish superintendants, 4 August 1803, Bedfordshire Record Office, HA 15/4/2.
56 Richard Fothergill to Charles Morgan, 6 May 1797, National Library of Wales, Tredegar MS 396（重点标志由我所加）。
57 J. W. and Anne Tibble (eds), The Prose of John Clare (1951), p. 47. 由入侵恐慌造成的梦魇，见The Diary of Joseph Farington, ed. Kenneth Garlick, Angus Macintyre and Kathryn Cave (16 vols, New Haven and London, 1978—84), VI, pp. 2082—2083。
58 Pamela Horn, The Rural World 1780—1850: Social Change in the English Countryside (1980), p. 63.
59 见附录二。
60 Ann Kussmaul (ed. ). The Autobiography of Joseph Mayett of Quainton 1783—1839, Buckinghamshire Record Society, no 23 (Cambridge, 1986), p. 23.
61 引自Hudson, “Volunteer Soldiers in Sussex”, p. 180。
62 所有回应记录在Hoskins, Exeter Militia List, pp. 51, 53, 54, 59。
63 William Rowbottom, 一位奥德姆织工，引自G. A. Steppler, “The Common Soldier in the Reign of GeorgeⅢ，1760—1793”，Oxford University D. Phil. dissretation, 1984, p. 30。
64 见下文, pp. 80—86。
65 Addington speech, 4 May 1802, Parl. Hist., ⅩⅩⅩⅤⅠ, p. 658.
66 The Times, 19 July 1803.
67 例如，见Blanning, French Revolution in Germany。
68 David Salmon, “The French Invasion of Pembrokeshire in 1797”, West Wales Historical Records 14 (1929), p. 202.
69 C. J. Hart, The History of the 1st Volunteer Battalion, the Royal Warwickshire Regiment (Birmingham, 1906), p. 57; P. R. O., H. O. 42/72/174—6.
70 在滑铁卢战役后，英国才出现了对于拿破仑的普遍崇拜。
71 在1815年，经济学家帕特里克·科克鸿计算出大英帝国陆军和海军总数超过100万人，这个估算包括了东印度公司的武装力量：C. A. Bayly, Imperial Meridian: The British Empire and the World 1780—1830 (1989), p. 3。
72 引自John Barrell, The Political Theory of Painting from Reynolds to Hazlitt (New Haven and London, 1986), p. 139。
73 见A Digest of the Whole Law Now in Force Relating to Volunteer Corps in Great Britain (6th edn, 1804), p. 7。
74 Scots Magazine 59 (1797), p. 705. 另见Sir John Dalrymple 下一年在爱丁堡的演讲，这篇演讲称赞了志愿军团在将英国不同部分更紧密地联系在一起方面的作用，ibid 60 (1798), p. 788。
75 信息源于Woodbridge, Suffolk当地历史博物馆。
76 本段与下一段基于Kussmaul, Autobiography of Joseph Mayett。
77 Ibid., p. 58.
78 Printed general order, 16 May 1801, Staffordshire Record Office, D(W) 1788, parcelⅠ, bundle 4. 关于对志愿兵演讲的选编，见Thomas Preston, Patriots in Arms (1881)。
79 见拙文“Whose nation? Class and National Consciousness in Britain 1750—1830”, Past & Present 113 (1986), pp. 114—115。
80 P. R. O., H. O. 42/69/238, 42/78/269.
81 J. R. Harvey, “A History of the Military Forces of the County of Norfolk”, typescript in Norfolk Record Office, Ⅳ, p. 641.
82 引自Clive Emsley, “The Military and Popular Disorder in England, 1790—1801”, Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research 61 (1983), p. 106。
83 John Bohstedt, Riots and Community Politics in England and Wales 1790—1810 (Cambridge, 1983), p. 51.
84 Fortescue, County Lieutenancies, p. 200.
85 例如，见来自“J. Notary”, 19 January 1804, P. R. O., H. O. 42/78/216—19的秘密信息。
86 Edward Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class (1965), p. 171.
87 建议源自J. G. at Royal Military College, May 1803, P. R. O., 30/8/245, fols 21—23。
88 The Autobiography of Samuel Bamford, ed. W. H. Chaloner (2 vols, 1967 edn), Ⅱ. p. 19.
89 G. D. H. and M. Cole, The Opinions of William Cobbett (1944), p. 207.
