[25] 《粤海关监督常显谕外洋行商人等》,嘉庆十三年二月初七日,F. O. 233/189/121,Embassy and consular archives,China:miscellanea.
[26] 该件原无日期,约在1800年春,F. O. 233/189/35.
[27] “War with China,” The Chinese Courier and Canton Gazette,September 8th,1831.
[28] “The Future,” The Canton Register,February 13th,1838.
[29] “On the Recent Discussion,No. 2,” The Canton Register,November 4th,1834.
[30] 所谓“治外法权”(英文extraterritoriality 或 exterritoriality)本是指国家之间相互授予、有特定身份的外国人享有的、不受所在国法律管辖的特权或豁免权。但在近代中国,这个名词意味着外国人根据不平等条约享有的司法特权。
[31] “Royal High Majesty’s Instruction to the Superintendent of British Trade in China,” January 25,1834,attachment,“An Act to Regulate the Trade to China and India,” F. O. 17/ 5,pp.52-53.
[32] 这三道发布于1833年12月9日的训令见F. O. 17/4,pp.66-71,74-75.
[33] “A Bill Instituted an Act to Authorize the Establishing a Courts or Courts with Criminal and Admiralty and Civil Jurisdiction in China,” F. O. 17/23,pp.211-212.
[34] Charles Elliot to Viscount Palmerston,July 4th,1837,F. O. 17/21,p. 2.
[35] 义律向英国政府做了报告,见“Rules of Practice and Proceeding,” and Appendix,F. O. 17/33,pp.307-321.向在华英人正式公布于The Canton Press,July 27th & August 3rd,1839;The Canton Register,July 30th & August 6th,1839.
[36] 李圭:《鸦片事略》,中国史学会主编《中国近代史资料丛刊·鸦片战争》(本章以下简称《鸦片战争》)第6册,上海人民出版社、上海书店出版社,2000,第206页。
[37] 〔英〕格林堡:《鸦片战争前中英通商史》,第7—8页。
[38] Tan Chung,China and the Brave New World:A Study of the Origins of the Opium War,1840-1842(Durham:Carolina Academic Press,1978),pp.91,84.
[39] 〔美〕马士:《中华帝国对外关系史》第1卷,第230—231页。
[40] 〔美〕格林堡:《鸦片战争前中英通商史》,第9页。
[41] 吴义雄:《条约口岸体制的酝酿——19世纪30年代中英关系研究》,第371页。
[42] 黄爵滋:《请严塞漏卮以培国本折》,《鸦片战争档案史料》第1册,第254—255页。
[43] 《鸦片战争档案史料》第1册,第200—202页。
[44] 朱嶟:《申严例禁以彰国法而除民害折》、许球:《洋夷牟利愈奸内地财源日耗敬陈管见折》,田汝康、李华兴:《禁烟运动的思想前驱:评介新发现的朱嶟、许球奏折》附录,《复旦学报》1978年第1期。
[45] E. C. Bridgman,“Remarks on the Present Crisis in the Opium Traffic,” The Chinese Repository,vol.8,no.1,May 1839,pp.2-8.
[46] James Innes,“Remarks on the Opium Trade,being a Reply to the Papers of Choo Tsun,Heu Kew,Another Reader,and V. P. M.,” The Chinese Repository,vol. 5,no.11,March 1837,p.526.
[47] Charles King,“Premium for an Essay on the Opium Trade,” The Chinese Repository,vol. 5,no.9,January 1837,pp.413-418.
[48] “Opium,” The Canton Register,June 9th,1840.
[49] A. S. Thewall,The Inquinities of the Opium Trade with China,Wm. H. Allen & Co.,1839.
[50] Herbert John Wood,Prologue to War,The Anglo-Chinese Conflict 1800-1834,Ph.D.dissertation,University of Wisconsin,1938,p. 368.
[51] Herbert John Wood,Prologue to War,The Anglo-Chinese Conflict 1800-1834,p. 347.
[52] Herbert John Wood,Prologue to War,The Anglo-Chinese Conflict 1800-1834,p. 373.
[53] 〔美〕马士:《东印度公司对华贸易编年史》第4、5卷,第89页。
[54] 〔美〕马士:《东印度公司对华贸易编年史》第4、5卷,第291页。
[55] 即使在后来不平等条约实行后,清政府仍然规定英国领事与道台“同品”,而与督抚地位悬殊,相互文书往来“未便概用文移二字”。见《中外往来仪式节略》,1880年11月13日,《总理衙门致英国公使照会节录》,王铁崖编《中外旧约章汇编》第1册,生活·读书·新知三联书店,1957,第377页。
[56] John Davis to Palmerston,October 12th,1834,F. O. 17/6,p. 105.
[57] Charles Elliot,“Official Notice to British Subjects in China”,November 10th,1834,F. O. 17/6,pp.148-149.此公告刊登于The Canton Register,November 18th,1834;中译件(不完整)见佐佐木正哉编《鸦片战争前中英交涉文书》,第42—43页。
[58] 佐佐木正哉编《鸦片战争前中英交涉文书》,第89、95、98页。
[59] Palmerston to Captain Elliot,June 12th,1837,F. O. 17/18,pp.22-25.
[60] Charles Elliot,“Public Notice,” Charles Elliot to Palmerston,January 2nd,1839,inclosure no. 9,F. O. 17/30,p. 31.此告示刊载于Supplement to The Canton Register,December 18th,1838;以及The Canton Press,December 22nd,1838.二者略有区别,详后。
[61] 《义律致邓廷桢》,佐佐木正哉编《鸦片战争前中英交涉文书》,第157—158页。
[62] 《广州府、协致义律》,佐佐木正哉编《鸦片战争前中英交涉文书》,第159页。
[63] 《义律致邓廷桢》,佐佐木正哉编《鸦片战争前中英交涉文书》,第159页。
[64] Charles Elliot to Palmerston,January 2nd,1839,F. O. 17/30,p. 4.
[65] Charles Elliot to Palmerston,January 2nd,1839,inclosure no.14,Edward Elmslie,“Official Notice to British Subject,” December 31st,1838,F. O. 228/9,pp.41-43.该通告刊载于The Canton Register,January 1st,1839.
[66] Palmerston to Charles Elliot,June 13th,1839,F. O. 228/11,p. 29.
[67] Gerald S.Graham,The China Station,War and Diplomacy 1830-1860(Oxford:Clarendon Press,1978),p. 49.
[68] Gerald S.Graham,The China Station,War and Diplomacy 1830-1860,pp.49-50.
[69] Susanna Hoe and Derek Roebuck,The Taking of Hong Kong(Surrey:Curzon Press,1999),p. 33.
[70] Gerald S.Graham,The China Station,War and Diplomacy 1830-1860,p. 68.
[71] Anonymous,Review of the Management of Our Affairs in China,since the Opening of the Trade in 1834(London:Smith,Elder and Co.,1840),p.203.
[72] “Memorandum by the Duke of Wellington,March 24th,1835,” in Anonymous,A Digest of the Despatches on China,with a Connecting Narrative and Comments,p. 11.
[73] Charles Gutzlaff,Present State of Our Relations with China,see George Robinson to Palmerston,March 26th,1835,inclosure,F. O. 17/9,pp.126-158.
[74] Gerald S.Graham,The China Station,War and Diplomacy 1830-1860,p. 71.见John Backhouse to Charles Wood,November 17th,1836,F. O. 17/17,pp.175-176.
[75] Charles Elliot,“Memorandum,” November 19th,1837,F. O. 17/22,pp.37-46.
[76] Palmerston to Charles Elliot,June 15th,1838,F. O. 228/8,pp.18-19.后来代表鸦片商利益的一位作者评论说:“一个中国大臣也不会写出比此信对英国利益更有敌意的信件了。”见Anonymous,Review of the Management of Our Affairs in China,since the Opening of the Trade in 1834,p.172.