1 Parl. Hist., xvii, p. 147; Ronald Hyam, “Imperial Interests and the Peace of Paris”, in Hyam and Ged Martin (eds), Reappraisals in British Imperial History (1975).
2 Patricia B. Craddock, Young Edward Gibbon: Gentleman of Letters (1982), pp. 198 et seq.
3 Jack P. Greene, Peripheries and Center: Constitutional Development in the Extended Polities of the British Empire and the United States, 1607—1788 (1986), pp. 2—3. 另见P. J. Marshall, A Free Though Conquering People: Britain and Asia in the Eighteenth Century (1981)。
4 引自J. P. Thomas, “The British Empire and the Press, 1763—1774”, Oxford University D. Phil. dissertation, 1982, pp. 321—322。
5 尽管存在流产的法国入侵图谋，见Eveline Cruickshanks (ed. ), Ideology and Conspiracy: Aspects of Jacobitism, 1689—1759 (Edin-burgh, 1982)。
6 Basil Williams, Life of William Pitt (2 vols, 1913), I, p. 294. 在1745年以前，只有很少的高地人被征召到苏格兰黑色警卫团(Black Watch)服役。
7 见Scots Magazine 25 (1763), pp. 473—486, 533。
8 见Political and Personal Satires, Ⅳ, print no. 4071。
9 见Alexander Murdoch, “Lord Bute, James Stuart Mackenzie, and the Government of Scotland”, in Karl W. Schweizer (ed. ), Lord Bute: Essays in Reinterpretation (Leicester, 1988),
p. 139。
10 仍然缺乏一部威尔克斯的详细传记。但可见Arthur H. Cash, John Wilkes: The Scandalous Father of Civil Liberty (New Haven and London, 2006)。George Rudé, Wilkes
and Liberty (Oxford, 1962)以及John Brewer, Party Ideology and Popular Politics at the
Accession of George III (Cambridge, 1976) 所提供的关于其支持者及策略的了不起的分析。
11 V. E. Lloyd Hart, John Wilkes and the Foundling Hospital at Aylesbury, 1759—1768 (Aylesbury, 1979).
12 The Speeches of John Wilkes (2 vols, 1777), I, pp. 57—67.
13 1784年竞选宣言, B. L., Add. MS 30866, fol. 54。
14 Rudé, Wilkes and Liberty, p. 44.
15 Memoirs of the Life of Sir Samuel Romilly (3 vols, 1840), I, p. 84; John Wilkes, The History of England from the Revolution to the Accession of the Brunswick Line (1768).
16 见Hugh Cunningham, “The Language of Patriotism”, in Raphael Samuel, Patriotism: The Making and Unmaking of British National Identity (3 vols, 1989), I, pp. 57—89。
17 见拙著In Defiance of Oligarchy: The Tory Party 1714—60 (Cambridge, 1982); Brewer, Party Ideology and Popular Politics, pp. 23—136。
18 E. g., Political and Personal Satires, iv, print no. 4063.
19 Rudé, Wilkes and Liberty, p. 69; Brewer, Party Ideology and Popular Politics, p. 175.
20 Rudé, Wilkes and Liberty, pp. 136—137.
21 Brewer, Party Ideology and Popular Politics, p. 190.
22 感谢Gareth Stedman Jones的信息。
23 Political and Personal Satires, Ⅳ, print no. 4028.
24 Ibid., print nos 4020, 4033.
25 North Briton, 5 June 1762; Alexander Stephens, Memoirs of John Home Tooke (2 vols, 1813), I, p. 61.
26 North Briton, 25 June 1763.
27 Freeholder’s Magazine, October 1769; London Evening Post, 23/25 May 1780.
28 The Literary Life of the Late Thomas Pennant, Esq, By Himself (1793), p. 13.
29 见William Grant and David D. Murison (eds), The Scottish National Dictionary (10 vols, 1931—1976), VIII, p. 236。
30 本段及下段基于Alexander Murdoch, “‘Beating the Lieges’: The Military Riot at Ravens-haugh Toll on 5 October 1760”, Transactions of the East Lothian Antiquarian and Field Naturalists’Society 17 (1982)。
31 见Byron Frank Jewell, “The Legislation relating to Scotland after the Forty-Five”, University of North Carolina Ph. D. dissertation, 1975。
32 见Annette M. Smith, Jacobite Estates of the Forty Five (Edinburgh, 1982)。
33 Parl. Hist., ⅪⅤ, p. 728.
34 H. M. C. Polwarth Ⅴ, pp. 236—237.
35 A Prophecy of Famine (1763). 这是由威尔克斯的盟友Charles Churchill所写的强烈反苏格兰的文章。
36 认为苏格兰高地人的性能力极强，这一信念在低地人和英格兰那里由来已久，反映了这样一个事实，即像美国南方的黑人一样，他们被认为既有威胁又很原始。
37 例如，见Political and Personal Satires, Ⅳ, prints nos 3825, 3848, 3852 and 3939。
38 Ibid., print no. 3849.
39 J. O. Bartley, Teague, Shenkin and Sawney: Being an Historical Study of the Earliest Irish, Welsh and Scottish Characters in English Plays (Cork, 1954), p. 228.
40 “Scotland in the 17th and 18th Centuries—A Satellite Economy?”, in Ståle Dyrvik, Knut Mykland and Jan Oldervoll (eds), The Satellite State in the 17th and 18th Centuries (Bergen, Norway. 1979), p. 18.
41 见R. A. Houston and I. D. Whyte (eds), Scottish Society, 1500—1800 (Cambridge, 1989); 以及T. C. Smout的经典之作A History of the Scottish People 1560—1830 (2nd edn, 1970)。
42 A. J. Youngson, The Making of Classical Edinburgh 1750—1840 (Edinburgh, 1966), passim.
43 John Wilkes在他的那册The History of the Late Minority (1766)页边空白处的手迹, B. L., G. 13453。
44 Derek A. Dow, The Influence of Scottish Medicine: An Historical Assessment of Its International Impact (Carnforth, 1988), p. 39.
45 见Janet Adam Smith, “Some Eighteenth-Century Ideas of Scotland” in N. T. Phillipson and R. Mitchison (eds), Scotland in the Age of Improvement (Edinburgh, 1970); Gerald Newman, The Rise of English Nationalism: A Cultural History 1740—1830 (New York, 1987),p. 153。
46 本图表依据Lewis Namier and John Brooke (eds). The History of Parliament: The House of Commons, 1751—1790 (3 vols, 1964)中的档案。
47 Ibid., Ⅱ，pp. 229—230.
48 Ibid., Ⅲ, pp. 618—620.
49 Ibid., Ⅲ, pp. 237—240.
50 James Hayes, “Scottish Officers in the British Army 1714—1763”, Scottish Historical Review 37 (1958).
51 Dictionary of National Biography, Ⅲ, p. 828.
52 “我们乡绅既穷又有自尊……我们既不会任由我们的儿子去经商，也无力让他们去从事上流社会的大宗贸易，或者为他们买到委任状，所以我们把他们送去为他们的面包而战”：Scotch Modesty Displayed (1778), p. 19。Scott的话引自Janet Adam Smith, John Buchan: A Biography (Oxford, 1985), p. 13。
53 Bruce Lenman, The Jacobite Clans of the Great Glen 1650—1784 (1984), pp. 177—212.
54 感谢Alexander Murdoch的信息。
55 P. E. Razzell, “Social Origins of Officers in the Indian and British Home Army, 1758—1962”, British Journal of Sociology 14 (1963); James G. Parker, “Scottish Enterprise in India, 1750—1914”, in R. A. Cage (ed. ). The Scots Abroad: Labour, Capital, Enterprise 1750—1914 (1985).
56 John Reddy, “Warren Hastings: Scotland’s Benefactor”, in Geoffrey Carnall and Colin Nicholson (eds), The Impeachment of Warren Hastings (Edinburgh, 1989).
57 见Clements R. Markham, Narratives of the Mission of George Bogle to Tibet (1876)。
58 Ibid.
59 C. Duncan Rice, “Archibald Dalzel, the Scottish Intelligentsia and the Problem of Slavery”, Scottish Historical Review 62 (1983), p. 124 and passim.
60 见Murdoch, “Lord Bute, James Stuart Mackenzie, and the Government of Scotland”, in Schweizer, Lord Bute关于这一点具有启发性的讨论。
61 Carnall and Nicholson, Impeachment of Hastings, p. 33.
62 威尔克斯盟友John Sawbridge的言辞, Parl. Hist., ⅩⅤⅢ, p. 1236。
63 Lenman, The Jacobite Clans, p. 204.
64 Namier and Brooke, House of Commons, Ⅱ, p. 511; Carnall and Nicholson, Impeachment of Hastings, p. 54.
65 见Iris Butler, The Eldest Brother: The Marquess Wellesley (1973)。
66 John Le Carré, Smiley’s People (1980), p. 43.
67 见Kingsley Amis, The James Bond Dossier (1965)。
68 在此感谢耶鲁的前同事Jules Prown。
69 David Fischer, Albion’s Seed: Four British Folkways in America (Oxford, 1989).
70 见R. L. Schuyler, “The Rise of Anti-Imperialism in England”, Political Science Quarterly 37 (1922)。
71 见Robert W. Tucker and David C. Hendrickson, The Fall of the First British Empire (London, 1982)。
72 在此处，我得到了John Elliott一篇未发表文章的帮助，“The Role of the State in British and Spanish Colonial America”。
73 收录于Frederick Madden and David Fieldhouse (eds), The Classical Period of the First British Empire 1689—1783 (1985), p. 270; Edmund Morgan, Inventing the People: The Rise of Popular Sovereignty in England and America (New York, 1988), pp. 122—148, 239—262。
74 见H. G. Koenigsberger, “Composite States and Representative Institutions”, Historical Research ⅩⅠⅠ(1989), pp. 147—153。
75 John Brooke, King George III (1972), p. 175.
76 例如，见Peter Marshall, Bristol and the American War of Independence (Bristol, 1977); John Sainsbury, Disaffected Patriots: London Supporters of Revolutionary America 1769—1782 (Gloucester, 1987)。
77 Annual Register (1775)前言。
78 这些刊印在London Gazette，自12/16 September 1775至9/12 March 1776。
79 James E. Bradley, Popular Politics and the American Revolution in England (Macon, Georgia, 1986)一书最充分地探讨了反战请愿书; 另见Sainsbury, Disaffected Patriots。
80 Fischer, Albion’s Seed, pp. 13—205.
81 Bradley, Popular Politics, pp. 76, 204.
82 Fischer, Albion’s Seed, pp. 219, 436—438.
83 Middlesex Journal, 29 April 1769.
84 见Owen Dudley Edwards and George Shepperson (eds), Scotland, Europe and the American Revolution (Edinburgh, 1976), p. 69 and passim。
85 Bernard Bailyn, Voyagers to the West: A Passage in the Peopling of America on the Eve of the Revolution (1987), p. 26; G. Murray Logan, Scottish Highlanders and the American Revolution (Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1976).
86 London Gazette, 21/25 November 1775.
87 Ibid., 14/18 November 1775.
88 Ibid., 16/20 January 1776, 14/18 November 1775.
89 “Lord Bute, James Stuart Mackenzie, and the government of Scotland”, in Schweizer, Lord Bute, p. 140.
90 Speeches of John Wilkes, Ⅱ, p. 41.
91 例如，见the Leeds Intelligencer, 16 December 1777。
92 The Analysis of Patriotism: Or, an Enquiry whether Opposition to Government, in the Present State of Affairs Is Consistent with the Principles of a PATRIOT (1778), pp.36—37.
93 见拙作‘Radical Patriotism in Eighteenth-Century England’, in Samuel, Patriotism, I, pp. 169—187。
94 Common Hall, Book 8, entry for 6 December 1782, Corporation of London Record Office.
95 汉伯里教区牧师, 1 January I779, Staffordshire Record Office, D. 1528/1/4。
96 尽管对苏格兰人野心和成功的低调批评仍在继续，见Political and Personal Satires, Ⅵ, prints nos 7125, 7130, 7152, 7139 and 7280。
97 Frederick Madden and David Fieldhouse (eds), Imperial Reconstruction, 1763—1840 (1987). p. 1.
