1 Annual Register (1778), pp. 264—270.
2 Maurice Keen, Chivalry (New Haven and London, 1984), p. 237. 关于这种新骑士精神的文化背景, 见 Mark Girouard, The Return to Camelot: Chivalry and the English Gentleman (New Haven and London, 1981)。
3 Thomas Gray’s “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”, from Roger Lonsdale (ed. ), The Poems of Thomas Gray, William Collins, Oliver Goldsmith (1969), pp. 123—124.
4 Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (1988), p. 105.
5 George Fasel, Edmund Burke (Boston, 1983), p. 82; Harvey C. Mansfield (ed. ), Selected Letters of Edmund Burke (1984), p. 331.
6 引自John Cannon, Aristocratic Century: The Peerage of Eighteenth-Century England (Cambridge, 1984), p. 166。
7 R. G. Thorne (ed. ), The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1790—1820 (5 vols, 1986), I, p. 334.
8 Ibid., III, p. 404.
9 Ibid., I, pp. 331—332.
10 John Wade, “The Aristocracy”, The Extraordinary Black Book (1832 edn), p. 260.
11 Charles Pigott, A Political Dictionary, Explaining the Meaning of Words (1795), p. 71; Thomas Paine, Rights of Man, ed. Henry Collins (1969), p. 102.
12 Hannah More, Thoughts on the Importance of the Manners of the Great to General Society (9th edn, 1799), p. 116; Paul Langford, Public Life and the Propertied Englishman, 1689—1798 (Oxford, 1991), p. 548.
13 例如，见Thorne, House of Commons, I, pp. 290, 318—325。
14 Cannon, Aristocratic Century, p. 33; Gregory W. Pedlow, The Survival of the Hessian Nobility 1770—1870 (Princeton, N. J., 1988), p. 17.
15 John Burke, A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland (4 vols, 1977 repr. ), I, pp. xi—xviii.
16 Thorne, House of Commons, I, pp. 280—289.
17 James J. Sacks, “The House of Lords and Parliamentary Patronage in Great Britain, 1802—1832”, Historical Journal 23 (1980), p. 919.
18 引自Frank O’Gorman, Edmund Burke: His Political Philosophy (1973), p. 121。
19 Ronald Syme, Colonial Elites: Rome, Spain and the Americas (1958), pp. 4 and 13.
20 Vicary Gibbs (ed. ), The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (13 vols, 1912), II, p. 294; x, pp. 696—698.
21 关于 Merioneth, 见Peter R. Roberts, “The Decline of the Welsh Squires in the EighteenthCentury”, National Library of Wales Journal 13 (1963—1964); Philip Jenkins, The Making of a Ruling Class: The Glamorgan Gentry 1640—1790 (Cambridge, 1983), pp. xxi—xxvi, 1—42; 及他的“The Demographic Decline of the Landed Gentry in the Eighteenth Century”, Welsh Historical Review Ⅱ (1982)。
22 J. V. Beckett, The Aristocracy in England 1660—1914 (1986), pp. 96—97.
23 此处感谢David Cannadine 他的研究为我理解英国土地阶级在这一时期的经济和人口变化提供了巨大帮助。
24 Philip Jenkins, “The Creation of an ‘Ancient Gentry’: Glamorgan, 1760—1840”, Welsh History Review 12 (1984).
25 H. J. Habakkuk, “Marriage and the Ownership of Land”, in R. R. Davies et al. (eds), Welsh Society and Nationhood: Historical Essays presented to Glanmor Williams (Cardiff, 1984), p. 194.
26 F. M. L. Thompson, English Landed Society in the Nineteenth Century (1963), pp. 212— 225; T. C. Smout, “Scottish Landowners and Economic Growth, 1650—1850”, Scottish Journal of Political Economy 11 (1964).
27 本段信息感谢Andrew McKenzie。
28 Patricia C. Otto, “Daughters of the British Aristocracy: Their Marriages in the 18th and 19th Centuries with Particular Reference to the Scottish Peerage”, Stanford Ph. D. dissertation, 1974, p. 395.
29 见R. J. Adam, Papers on Sutherland Estate Management, 1802—1816, 2 vols (Scottish Historical Society, Edinburgh, 1972)导论。
30 A. P. W. Malcomson, The Pursuit of the Heiress: Aristocratic Marriage in Ireland 1750—1820 (Ulster Historical Foundation, 1982).
31 见拙著In Defiance of Oligarchy: The Tory Party 1714—1760 (Cambridge, 1982), p. 76。
32 Thorne, House of Commons, v, 596.
33 Catalogue of Works on the Peerage and Baronetage of England, Scotland, and Ireland (privately printed in 1827).
34 例如, Jenkins, Making of a Ruling Class, pp. 213—216。
35 Hansard, 1st series, 4 (1805), p. 365.
36 H. J. Hanham, “Mid-Century Scottish Nationalism: Romantic and Radical”, in R. Robson (ed.), Ideas and Institutions in Victorian Britain (1967).
37 Muriel Chamberlain, Lord Aberdeen: A Political Biography (1983), pp. 5 and 187.
38 来自Andrew McKenzie的信息。
39 Thorne, House of Commons, v, 596.
40 Ibid., Ⅳ, 246.
41 John Hay Beith, The Oppressed English (New York, 1917), p. 30.
42 Richard Rush, A Residence at the Court of London (1987 edn), p. 34.
43 Philip Mansel, “Monarchy, Uniform and the Rise of the Frac 1760—1830”, Past & Present 96 (1982), pp. 104—106.
44 Jeremy Black, The British and the Grand Tour (1985), passim.
45 Iain Pears, The Discovery of Painting: The Growth of Interest in the Arts in England, 1680—1768 (New Haven and London, 1988), p. 228.
46 Douglas Hay, “Property, Authority and the Criminal Law”, in Hay et al., Albion’s Fatal Tree (1975), p. 34.
47 见下文, pp. 86—101。
48 Lord Holland, Memoirs of the Whig Party (2 vols, 1852), I, p. 3.
49 John Cannon, Aristocratic Century, p. 48.
50 T. W. Bamford, “Public Schools and Social Class, 1801—1850”, British Journal of Sociology 12 (1961), pp. 224—235.
51 Cannon, Aristocratic Century, p. 48.
52 George Robert Chinnery, “The Statue of the Dying Gladiator”, Oxford Prize Poems (Oxford, 1831), p. 134. 毛里斯·鲍拉对此说得很清楚：“古典教育是由那些相信贵族思想的人们开创，并首先是为那些没有金钱之忧的人服务……它高雅、华贵、让人自豪”，引自Iris Butler, The Eldest Brother: The Marquis Wellesley (1973), p. 87。
53 文章来自于尊敬的 Reginald Heber, Edward Garrard Marsh, Charles P. Burney and William Attfield。
54 见Richard Jenkyns, The Victorians and Ancient Greece (Oxford, 1980)。
55 引自P. J. Marshall, “Empire and Authority in the Later Eighteenth Century”, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 25 (1987), p. 107;另见Frank M. Turner, “British Politics and the Demise of the Roman Republic: 1700—1939”, Historical Journal 29 (1986)。
56 关于伊顿公学所存肖像的名录，见Tate Gallery, London, 1951。另见Leaving Portraits from Eton College, Dulwich Picture Gallery, 1991。
57 H. C. Maxwell Lyte, A History of Eton College (1911), pp. 497—511.
58 Charles Henry Cooper, Annals of Cambridge (4 vols, 1852), Ⅳ, pp. 481—482.
59 引自John Chandos, Boys Together: English Public Schools 1800—1864 (1984), p. 26。
60 The Times, 18 July 1803.
61 Cooper, Annals of Cambridge Ⅳ, p. 499.
62 Thompson, English Landed Society in the Nineteenth Century, p. 145.
63 William Leeke, The History of Lord Seaton’s Regiment at the Battle of Waterloo (2 vols, 1866), I, 197.
64 David C. Itzkowitz, Peculiar Privilege: A Social History of English Foxhunting 1753—1885 (1977), p. 20.
65 Malcolm Andrews, The Search for the Picturesque Landscape: Aesthetics and Tourism in Britain, 1760—1800 (Aldershot, 1989), p. 112 and passim.
66 Christopher Smout, “Tours in the Scottish Highlands from the Eighteenth to the Twentieth centuries”, Northern Scotland 5 (1983), p. 110.
67 见Andrews, Search for the Picturesque, passim。并比较David Solkin, Richard Wilson: The Landscape of Reaction (1982), p. 57。
68 The Novels of Jane Austen (5 vols, Oxford, 1987 edn), Ⅴ, p. 111.
69 S. H. A. Bruntjen, John Boydell, 1719—1804: A Study of Art Patronage and Publishing in Georgian London (New York, 1985).
70 引自Francis Haskell, “The British as Collectors”, in Gervase Jackson-Stops (ed.), The Treasure Houses of Britain: Four Hundred Years of Private Patronage and Art Collecting (Washington, 1986), p. 51。
71 Ibid., pp. 50—59; Margaret Greaves, Regency Patron: Sir George Beaumont (1966); Felicity Owen and David Blayney Brown, Collector of Genius: A Life of Sir George Beaumont (New Haven and London, 1988); Stephen Deuchar, Paintings, Politics and Porter: Samuel Whitbread Ⅱ(1984).
72 St John Gore, “Three Centuries of Discrimination”, Apollo 105 (1977); Evelyn Joll, ‘Painter and Patron: Turner and the Third Earl of Egremont’, Apollo 105 (1977).
73 A Tintiswood, A History of Country House Visiting (Oxford, 1989), passim.
74 Gervas Huxley, Lady Elizabeth and the Grosvenors: Life in a Whig Family 1822—1839 (Oxford, 1965), p. 6; 关于 Lord Stafford的美术收藏，见Eric Richards, The Leviathan of Wealth: The Sutherland Fortune in the Industrial Revolution (1973), p. 14, 以及引用作品。
75 Peter Fullerton, “Patronage and Pedagogy: The British Institution in the Early Nineteenth Century”, Art History 5 (1982).
76 Sir Egerton Brydges, Collin’s Peerage of England (9 vols, 1812), I, p. X. （斜体由我所加。）
77 Rush, A Residence at the Court of London, p. 46.
78 见Simon Schama, Dead Certainties (Unwarranted Speculations) (1991), pp. 3—70。
79 Ann Uhry Abrams, The Valiant Hero: Benjamin West and Grand-Style History Painting (Washington, 1985), pp. 165—182.
80 关于本时期爱国艺术复制品的受欢迎程度，见David Alexander and Richard T. Godfrey, Painters and Engraving: The Reproductive Print from Hogarth to Wilkie (New Haven, 1980)。
81 Alison Yarrington, The Commemoration of the Hero 1800—1864: Monuments to the British Victors of the Napoleonic Wars (1988).
82 Robin Reilly, Pitt the Younger 1759—1806(1978), p. 345.
83 A. D. Harvey, Britain in the Early Nineteenth Century (1978), p. 217.
84 Tom Pocock, Horatio Nelson (1987), p. 20.
85 Ibid., p. 161.
86 Ibid., p. 181.
87 Michael Lewis, The Navy in Transition 1814—1864: A Social History (1965), p. 22.
88 Philip Mansel, Pillars of Monarchy: An Outline of the Political and Social History of Royal Guards 1400—1984 (1984), p. 78.
89 Thorne, House of Commons, I, pp. 306—317.
90 The Whole Art of Dress! Or, the Road to Elegance and Fashion at the Enormous Saving of Thirty Per Cent (1830), p. 83.
91 N. P. Dawnay, “The Staff Uniform of the British Army 1767—1855”, Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research 30—31(1952—1953); Mansel, “Monarchy, Uniform and the Frac”, pp. 117—123.
92 Alan Mansfield, Ceremonial Costume (1980), pp. 171, 220—221.
93 Jean Starobinski, “Reflections on Some Symbols of the Revolution”, Yale French Studies 40 (1968), p. 50.
94 Aileen Ribeiro and Valerie Cumming, The Visual History of Costume (1989), pp. 31—32.
95 例如，见The Whole Art of Dress!, pp. 13—14; Ribeiro and Cumming, The Visual History of Costume, p. 32。
96 W. D. Rubinstein, “The End of ‘Old Corruption’ in Britain 1780—1860”, Past & Present 101 (1983), pp. 55—86.
97 Lord Lansdowne to Lady Londonderry, 12 October 1809, History of Parliament Trust, Camden MSS transcripts.
98 John Rosselli, “An Indian Governor in the Norfolk Marshland: Lord William Bentinck as Improver, 1809—1827”, Agricultural History Review 19 (1971), pp. 46—47 and passim.
99 J. N. McCord, Jr, “Lord Holland and the Politics of the Whig Aristocracy (1807—1827): A Study in Aristocratic Liberalism”, Johns Hopkins University Ph. D. dissertation, 1968, p. 396.
100 George T. Kenyon, The Life of Lloyd, First Lord Kenyan (1873), p. 223.关于精英以及对福音派的信奉，见Ford K. Brown, Fathers of the Victorians: The Age of Wilberforce (Cambridge, 1961)。
101 我并不认为那时英国在职的所有政治家，其私生活都无可指摘，只是他们更意识到需要显得无可指摘。
102 Derek Jarrett, Pitt the Younger (1974), p. 112.
103 来自the Pitt Club的会议记录，存于Osborn collection of manuscripts at the Beinecke Library, Yale University, New Haven。
104 Michael W. McCahill, “Peerage Creations and the Changing Character of the British Nobility, 1750—1830”, English Historical Review 96 (1981), pp. 269—274.
105 Memoirs of the Life of Sir Samuel Romilly, Written by Himself (3 vols, 1840), Ⅱ, p. 136.
106 Peter J. Jupp, “The Landed Elite and Political Authority in Britain, 1760—1850”, Journal of British Studies 29 (1990), pp. 78—79.
107 见David Cannadine, The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy (New Haven and London, 1990), pp. 8—23。
108 例如，见, Beckett, The Aristocracy in England; and Lawrence Stone and Jeanne C. Fawtier Stone, An Open Elite?: England 1540—1880 (Oxford, 1984).
109 引自G. L. Gomme, The Gentleman’s Magazine Library (30 vols, 1883—1905), I, P. 17。
