Avanti！，28 April 1914. Reproduces Mussolini’s speech at Ancona.
C.Baldoli，‘L’ossimoro cremonese. Storia e memoria di una comunità fra Bissolati e Farinacci’，Italia Contemporanea，June 1997. On Farinacci as Freemason.
R.J.B.Bosworth，Mussolini’s Italy：Life under the Dictatorship，1915-1945，London，2005. For the battering in the parliamentary toilets，p.173.
Camera dei Deputati，Atti Parlamentari，ⅩⅩⅦ Legislatura del Regno d’Italia，16 May 1925.‘Camorra’，from a speech by Gioacchino Volpe，p.3645.‘Parasitic intoxication’，from a speech by Egilberto Martire，p.3655. Gramsci’s speech，pp.3658-61.
F.Conti，‘Massoneria e sfera pubblica nell’Italia liberale，1859-1914’，in Cazzaniga（ed.），Storia d’Italia. Annali，21. La Massoneria，Turin，2006，esp.pp.606-10.
F.Conti，Storia della massoneria italiana. Dal Risorgimento al fascismo，Bologna，2006. On Lemmi’s Grand Mastership，pp.115-47. For an evaluation of the evidence about Masonic funding for the March on Rome，pp.289-90. Destruction of Torrigiani’s villa，p.317.
F.Conti，‘From Universalism to Nationalism：Italian Freemasonry and the Great War’，Journal of Modern Italian Studies，20（5），2015.
Corriere della Sera，17 May 1925；for the description of Gramsci as‘a little hunchback’.
R.De Felice，Mussolini il rivoluzionario 1883-1920，Turin，1965. For the context of the Ancona speech，see pp.177-95.
M.Di Figlia，Farinacci. Il radicalismo fascista al potere，Rome，2007；for Farinacci’s career. On Farinacci as a Mason，pp.98-9.
Fascio e compasso.RAI3 documentary，first shown in 2018，which cites Domizio Torrigiani’s congratulatory telegram.
M.A.Finocchiaro，Beyond Right and Left：Democratic Elitism in Mosca and Gramsci，New Haven，CT，1999. For an analysis of Gramsci’s speech，pp.179-200.
D.Forgacs，‘Gramsci Undisabled’，Modern Italy，21（4），2016.
A.M.Isastia，‘Massoneria e fascismo：la grande repressione’，in Z. Ciuffoletti and S.Moravia（eds），La Massoneria. La storia，gli uomini，le idee，2nd edn，2004. On squadrista violence against Masons from 1923，pp.202-3. On episodes where Masons loyal to one Grand Lodge used the violence as cover to get one over on their Brothers from a rival branch，see p.235.
A.Lyttelton，The Seizure of Power：Fascism in Italy，1919-1929，London，1973. On the anti-Masonry campaign as an instrument against the bureaucracy，p.177. Farinacci and Masonry，p.281. On the violence in Florence，p.282.
P.Mattera，Storia del PSI，1892-1994，Rome，2010. Reports of Mussolini’s speech at Ancona cited on pp.56-9.
A.A.Mola，Storia della Massoneria dall’Unità alla Repubblica，Milan，1976. On Masons absenting themselves from the Chamber to make it inquorate，pp.476ff. Farinacci，Masons should be‘shot en masse’，quoted p.503. On the reaction against Masons following the Zaniboni assassination attempt，pp.509-10.‘Bedraggled chicken’，quoted p.513.
C.Palmieri，Mussolini e la Massoneria，Milan，2017.
Rivista Massonica. The following issues document Fascist raids on Lodges：January 1924；September 1924；December 1924. The issue of September to October 1925 contains Torrigiani’s order closing down all Lodges in Florence.
G.Salvemini，‘Il《Non Mollare》’，in G.Salvemini，E.Rossi and P.Calamandrei，Non Mollare（1925），Florence，1955，for an account of the violence in Florence.‘Masonry must be destroyed’，quoted p.23.
G.Sircana，‘Farinacci，Roberto’，in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani，Rome，1995.
La Stampa. The Turin newspaper looks back over its coverage of Freemasonry，and in particular of its‘electoral choreography’，in the issue of 21 June 1896. For a report on the Freemasonry debate，which mentions Fascists listening attentively to Gramsci，and Gramsci leaning on a Fascist（Italo Balbo）to finish his speech，17 May 1925.
G.Vannoni，Massoneria，fascismo e Chiesa Cattolica，Rome/Bari，1979. On Farinacci supposedly being part of Masonic plot to replace Mussolini，pp.234-41.
