Anon.，Freemasonry among Men of Color in New York State，New York，1954.
J.L.Belton，‘The missing Master Mason’，http：//www.themasonictrowel.com/leader ship/management/membership_files/the_missing_master_mason_by_belton.htm，consulted 30 May 2019. A useful analysis of the decline of American Masonry.
B.C.Cooper，‘“They are nevertheless our Brethren”：The Order of the Eastern Star and the Battle for Women’s Leadership，1874-1926’，in P.P.Hinks and S.Kantrowitz（eds），All Men Free and Brethren：Essays on the History of African American Freemasonry，London，2013.
M.A.Clawson，‘Masculinity，Consumption and the Transformation of Scottish Rite Freemasonry in the Turn-of-the-century United States’，Gender & History，19（1），2007.
S.Cordery，‘Fraternal orders in the United States：a quest for protection and identity’，in M.van der Linden（ed.），Social Security Mutualism：The Comparative History of Mutual Benefit Societies，Bern，1996. Especially on the importance of fraternalism for new immigrants. On the need to band together to buy a burial ground as a prompt for African Americans，pp.87-8.
V.Danacu，Partial Study about‘the Occult’：The Oppression of Freemasonry by the Security of the Communist Regime in Romania，Bucharest，2010.
R.V.Denslow，Freemasonry in the Eastern Hemisphere，Trenton，MO，1954. On the double suicide of Masons in Hungary，p.193.‘Meeting places of the enemies of the people’s Communist republic’，quoted p.195. On Masonry in Communist China，pp.312-23.
B.Elkin，‘Attempts to Revive Freemasonry in Russia’，The Slavonic and East European Review，44（103），1966.
The Empire State Mason，September-October 1964，‘Reports of our Masonic Center at the World’s Fair’；November-December 1964，‘Our Masonic Brotherhood Center’；see January-February 1966，‘Our Masonic Brotherhood Center：It’s gone... But is it？’，for total number of visitors.
B.Friedan，The Feminine Mystique，New York，1963. Drop in marriage age and education of women，p.16.
Grand Lodge of F.& A.M.of Alabama，Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of F.& A.M. of Alabama at the 147th Annual Communication，21-2 November 1967，Montgomery，Alabama.‘I feel that there is something very valuable in preserving the racial integrity’，pp.131-5.
C.Haffner，The Craft in the East，Hong Kong，1977.
W.S.Harwood，‘Secret Societies in America’，The North American Review，164（486），1897.
C.Hodapp，Solomon’s Builders：Freemasons，Founding Fathers，and the Secrets of Washington DC，Berkeley，CA，2007. For an admirably patient take-down of the various conspiracy theories surrounding Masonic symbols on the Great Seal，in Washington DC，etc.etc.，see chapter 8.
R.L.Huish，‘Made of Paper and Stone：The Place of José Martí in Cuban National Identity’，MA thesis，Queen’s University，Kingston，Ontario，2003.
J.Huyghebaert and W.E.Parker，‘History of Freemasonry in the Czech Republic’，2010，available at https：//u3h.webnode.cz/news/history-of-freemasonry-in-the-czech-republic/，consulted 29 May 2019.
R.Khambatta，‘The District Grand Lodge of the Punjab’，AQC，103，1990.
L.Koppel，The Astronaut Wives Club，London，2013. Gordon‘Gordo’Cooper and his wife，pp.18-21. Cape Cookies，pp.47-9.
J.M.Landau，‘Muslim Opposition to Freemasonry’，Die Welt des Islams，36（2），1996.
Life Magazine，‘The US Masons’，8 October 1956；4 February 1957，‘Masons enjoy each other’s company，sometimes find it useful in business’，p.25.
M.Mazzucato，The Value of Everything：Making and Taking in the Global Economy，London，2018. On growth in the financial security industry，p.143.
D.McCullough，Truman，New York，1992. On his Masonry，see p.78 and passim.
S.B.Morris，‘The Public Image of Freemasonry：A Survey of the Literature Describing American Freemasonry’，paper presented to The August Scene，7 August 1982，Deep Creek Lake，Maryland. Kindly provided by the author.
S.B.Morris，‘Boom to Bust in the Twentieth Century：Freemasonry and American Fraternities’，Anson Jones Lecture，Texas Lodge of Research，19 March 1988. An insightful study of Masonry’s declining numbers.
S.B.Morris，‘Masonic Membership Myths’，The Scottish Rite Journal，97（11），1990.
G.Moshinsky，Behind the Masonic Curtain：The Soviet Attack on Masonry，Denver，CO，1986.
W.A.Muraskin，Middle-Class Blacks in a White Society：Prince Hall Freemasonry in America，Berkeley，CA，1975.‘Is he a clean，right-living man，sober and industrious？’，quoted p.44. Prince Hall Brothers in Who’s Who in Colored America，p.56. On Prince Hall Masonry and Civil Rights，see chapters 10 and 11. Medgar Evers Memorial Award，pp.234-5.
W.H.Murphy，‘A History of Freemasonry in Cuba’，Walter F. Meier Lodge of Research no.281 Masonic Papers，vol.4，1974.
The New Age Magazine，April 1964，LⅩⅫ，4，‘Masonry only fraternity at 1964 World’s Fair’；July 1964，LⅩⅩⅢ，7，‘A Masonic image at the New York World’s Fair’.
M.Novarino，‘Dalle “scominiche” dell’Internazionale Comunista alle repressioni in Unione Sovietica e nelle Repubbliche democratiche popolari’，in M.Cuzzi et al.（eds），Massoneria e totalitarismi nell’Europa tra le due guerre，Milan，2018.
M.J.O’Brien，We Shall Not Be Moved：The Jackson Woolworth’s Sit-In and the Movement it Inspired，Jackson，MS，2013；on Medgar Evers.‘Freedom has never been free’，quoted p.189. Evers’funeral，pp.214-15.
J.T.Patterson，Grand Expectations：The United States，1945-1974，Oxford，1996. Important for the context of this whole period. For figures of those with origins in countries with a Catholic tradition of anti-Masonry，p.15. Of the US population，10.6 per cent（in 1960）is African American，p.380；95 per cent of African Americans were denied the vote in Mississippi，p.413. For the Surgeon General’s report on the dangers of smokng，see p.445.‘Chocolate cities and vanilla suburbs’，quoted by Patterson from Parliament，Chocolate City，title track of the 1975 album.
R.S Patterson and R.Dougall，The Eagle and the Shield：A History of the Great Seal of the United States，Washington DC，1976. For the pyramid design on the Great Seal and then on the dollar bill，see pp.402-7 and pp.529-32.
N.V.Peale，‘What Masonry Means to Me’，The Short Talk Bulletin，February 1973.（Text of a lecture given in 1970.）The quote is from p.8.
Prince Hall Sentinel，16（3），1963，‘Martyr to Freedom’，with Evers’photo on front cover.
Prince Hall Grand Lodge，Jurisdiction of the State of Alabama，97th Annual Communication，Mobile，Alabama，25-7 July 1967.‘Let me impress upon you my brothers’，p.46.
D.Richter，‘Fidel Castro & the Curious Case of Freemasonry in Cuba’，http：//www.thebohemianblog.com/2016/12/fidel-castro-the-curious-case-of-freemasonry-in-cuba.html，consulted 30 May 2019.
J.L.Romeu，‘Characteristics and Challenges of Cuban Freemasons in the Twentieth Century：A Demographic Approach’，Revista de Estudios Históricos de la Masonería，2015.
L.R.Samuel，The End of the Innocence：The 1964-1965 New York World’s Fair，New York，2007.‘The final gasp of American innocence’，p.ⅹⅷ. I have drawn heavily on this book for my account of the World’s Fair and its troubles.‘A promotional orgy for American business’，quoted p.95.‘Whoosh and voom’and figures for visitors to the most popular attractions，p.83.
T.Skocpol，A.Liazos，M.Ganz，What a Mighty Power We Can Be：African American Fraternal Groups and the Struggle for Racial Equality，Princeton，NJ，2006.‘Next to the Negro church in importance，as affecting the social life of the people，are the secret orders’，quoted p.8.
A.C.Stevens，The Cyclopaedia of Fraternities，New York，1899.‘Few who are well informed on the subject will deny’，pp.ⅴ-ⅶ，ⅹⅴ.
M.A.Tabbert，American Freemasons：Three Centuries of Building Communities，NY，2005. One of the best examples of Masonic history written by a Mason，which is notable also for embracing both Prince Hall and mainstream traditions. I have drawn on it extensively for my account of the‘Golden Age’of fraternalism and the early twentieth century. Like Tabbert，historians generally use‘Golden Age of Fraternalism’to refer to the second half of the nineteenth century，but I have extended its use here for reasons set out in my narrative. Between 1865 and 1900，235 brotherhoods founded，with six million members，p.87. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows，pp.87，112. Knights of Columbus，p.100. Shriners，pp.127-31. Rotary Club，pp.162-4. On the scale of new Grand Lodge buildings in the late nineteenth century，including the Philadelphia Masonic Temple，p.135. On the importance of Masonry to an increasingly mobile population，p.124. And on its importance for the growing business class，p.166. Figures for the scale of Masonic Temples in St Louis and Detroit，p.172.
N.Thompson，Light this Candle：The Life and Times of Alan Shepard-America’s First Spaceman，New York，2004.‘Man’s greatest adventure’，quoted p.175. Marital break-ups among astronauts，p.370.
Time Magazine，‘The World’s Fair’，5 June 1964，‘A tacky，plastic，here-today-blown-tomorrow look’，p.46.
C.D.B.Walker，A Noble Fight：African American Freemasonry and the Struggle for Democracy in America，Chicago，IL，2008.
J.Williams，Eyes on the Prize：America’s Civil Rights Years，1954-1965，New York，1987. For Evers’Oldsmobile，p.209.
T.Zarcone，Le Croissant et le Compas. Islam et franc-maçonnerie de la fascination à la detestation，Paris，2015. For French reluctance to spread Masonry to the colonies，p.64. Young Ottomans and Young Turks，pp.71-81. President Sukarno banned Freemasonry in 1961，p.112.
My figures for Masonic membership in the USA are from https：//www.msana.com/msastats.asp，consulted 28 May 2019.
The permanent exhibition‘The Golden Age of Masonic Architecture’at the George Washington Masonic National Memorial，Alexandria，VA，is an invaluable resource on America’s great Masonic temples. Visited 14 April 2019.
The documentation from the creation，building and running of the Masonic Brotherhood Center，including its brochure，is all held in the archive of The Chancellor Robert R Livingston Masonic Library，71 West 23rd Street，14th floor，New York.
I have also consulted a great deal of documentation about the Masonic Brotherhood Center in the Museum of Freemasonry in London.
‘Testimonial Dinner’in Washington DC，1966，to mark Thurgood Marshall’s appointment as a Thirty-third Degree Prince Hall Freemason. Programme for the evening kindly supplied to the author by Ken Collins.
Rosa Parks’Eastern Star documentation can be accessed online via the Library of Congress site：https：//www.loc.gov/resource/mss85943.001520/？sp=1，viewed 24 May 2019. I would like to thank James R.Morgan Ⅲ，a relative of Rosa Parks’，for the information about her Masonic father in a personal communication.
Information on the Prince Hall Temple in Jackson：https：//issuu.com/visitjacksonms/docs/2014_civilrightsdrivingtourweb，consulted 24 May 2019.
For the trials of Medgar Evers’assassin，https：//caselaw.findlaw.com/ms-supreme-court/1046038.html，consulted 20 August 2019.
