当月的晚些时候,一桩小丑闻浮出水面,导致拿破仑陷入危机,他可能因此被卷入金钱腐败与政治丑闻的旋涡,甚至就此永失在尼罗河畔成名的机会。弗拉沙公司、第戎公司(Compagnie Dijon)等大军事承包商从财政部受领滞后的长期拨款,用这笔钱应付军队的当前需要。此外也有小公司充当承包商,它们经常被指变相克扣纳税人的钱,如篡改发票、不达标运输、供应腐物,甚至指使人偷农民的马。这些小公司大发战争财,博丹公司(Compagnie Bodin)便是其中一例,其经营人乃臭名昭著的路易·博丹(Louis Bodin)。然而,拿破仑从兄长约瑟夫处获知了一则可怕的消息:除了其他投资者,巴拉斯、伊波利特·夏尔(他已退役,成为全职承包商)、约瑟芬都是博丹的股东。[86]1796年8月,夏尔离开了意大利,但他和约瑟芬仍然保持亲密关系。
巴拉斯、塔列朗等人通过放贷、投机和内幕交易生财没什么,因为公众几乎都认定他们从事肮脏买卖,但换作拿破仑,事情就不同了。正直形象是他最吸引民众的品质之一,一旦他们知晓他的妻子也靠腐败军需供给牟利,它会在一夜之间消散。此外,他在米兰时亲自与弗拉沙公司斗争,还放逐了一名董事,虽说他的初衷确是力争意大利军团利益最大化,如今此事倒更像虚伪行径了。
1798年3月17日,拿破仑和约瑟夫严厉盘问约瑟芬,她颤抖不已、怒火中烧、报复心切,但仍像往常一样撒谎。他们逼问她到底了解博丹多少、是否为他谋取补给合同、伊波利特·夏尔是否与博丹同住圣奥诺雷郊区(Faubourg Saint-Honoré)100号、她是否如流言所说每天都去那儿。[87]事后,约瑟芬立刻给夏尔写了一封惊慌失措的信,此信表明,她不仅否认一切指控,还眷恋夏尔、憎恨波拿巴兄弟,可能想借博丹的投机摆脱婚姻与债务,而且此时的她急于掩盖把柄。“我回答道,他说的我一概不知,如果他想离婚,开口就行。”她告诉自己的情夫,“他完全不必动用此等手段,我则是世上最不幸、最痛苦的女人。是的,我的伊波利特,我只恨他们,但只对你温柔,只爱你……伊波利特,我要自杀。是啊,如果不能专情于你,活下去只是负担,我宁愿死。”[88]
约瑟芬又对夏尔写道:与博丹通气,让他一口咬定根本不认识她,否认借她之力与意大利军团订合同;告诉圣奥诺雷郊区的门卫要坚称没见过博丹;叫博丹别用她为其意大利出差之行写的介绍信。信的结尾则是“一千个如我心般炽热多情的吻”。[89]她随后再次致信夏尔,在信末写道:“只要有你我就开心。告诉我你爱我、你只爱我,那我就是最幸福的女人。从你的纸币里取5万里弗赫(约为125万法郎),让(男仆)布隆丹(Blondin)捎给我……我全是你的。”[90]
拿破仑正在策划新的埃及战局,所以他有充足的理由逃离巴黎。在那儿,他已渐渐变成腐败、痛心、不忠、阴险的代名词,也许还会招来更大的尴尬。他一直相信自己是高贵的骑士,正如自创短篇中的克利松一般,而督政府和约瑟芬的行为动摇了这一理想形象。是时候再添一倍赌注了。
[1] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.1495,p.901,April 8,1797
[2] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.1514 p.914,April 16,1797
[3] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.1514 p.914,April 16,1797,Dubroca,Louis Jean,Life of Bonaparte,First Consul of France 1802,p.90
[4] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.1514 p.916,April 16,1797
[5] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.1497 p.905,April 9,1797
[6] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.1521 p.923,April 30,1797
[7] ed. Sanderson,Edgar,Bourrienne’s Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte 1900,p.55
[8] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.1516 p.917,April 19,1797
[9] ed. Sanderson,Edgar,Bourrienne’s Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte 1900,p.54
[10] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.1587 p.962,May 27,1797
[11] ed. Bingham,D.A.,A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon 3 vols.1884,Ⅰ p.156
[12] 威尼斯共和国国徽上的金色飞狮。——译者注
[13] ed. Sanderson,Edgar,Bourrienne’s Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte 1900,p.54
[14] 拿破仑不能完全把督政府晾在一边。6月,庇护六世中风,他便请督政府“积极指导必要的应对措施,以防教皇去世。我该拥立一位新教皇吗?”CG1 no.1725,p.1030。庇护六世后来病愈,又多活了两年。
[15] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.1587 p.962,May 27,1797
[16] ed. Sanderson,Edgar,Bourrienne’s Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte 1900,p.64
[17] ed. Fleischmann,General,Memoirs of the Count Miot de Melito 1881,p.94
[18] ed. Fleischmann,General,Memoirs of the Count Miot de Melito 1881,pp.94-5,Markham,Felix,Napoleon 1963,p.63,McLynn,Frank,Napoleon 1997,p.153,Schom,Alan,Napoleon Bonaparte 1997,p.65,ed. Bingham,D.A.,A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon 3 vols.1884,Ⅰ p.160,eds. Dwyer,Philip and Forrest,Alan,Napoleon and His Empire 2007,p.1
[19] 1789~1797年法国以国家财产为担保发行的证券,后来成为通货。——译者注
[20] Horne,Alistair,The Age of Napoleon 2004,p.19
[21] ed. Bingham,D.A.,A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon 3 vols.1884,Ⅰ p.168
[22] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.1785 p.1058,July 15,1797
[23] Schneid,Frederick C.,Soldiers of Napoleon’s Kingdom of Italy 1995,p.3
[24] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.1785 p.1058,July 15,1797
[25] TLS 8/8/1971 p.1208,ed. Latimer,Elizabeth,Talks of Napoleon at St-Helena 1903,p.97
[26] ed. Latimer,Elizabeth,Talks of Napoleon at St-Helena 1903,p.98
[27] Rose,John Holland,The Life of Napoleon 2 vols.1903,Ⅰ p.165
[28] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.1822 p.1081,July 26,1797
[29] Rose,John Holland,The Life of Napoleon 2 vols.1903,Ⅰ p.161
[30] ed. Bingham,D.A.,A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon 3 vols.1884,Ⅰ p.171
[31] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.1962 p.1140,September 3,1797
[32] ed. Fleischmann,General,Memoirs of the Count Miot de Melito 1881,p.109,Brown,Howard G.,‘From Organic Society to Security State:The War on Brigandage in France 1797-1802’Journal of Modern History vol.69 1997,p.661,ed. Sanderson,Edgar,Bourrienne’s Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte 1900,p.59,Lavalette,Count Marie,The Memoirs of Count Lavalette(Philadelphia)1832,p.28
[33] ed. Sanderson,Edgar,Bourrienne’s Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte 1900,p.59
[34] Hicks,Peter,‘Late 18th Century and very early 19th Century British writings on Napoleon:Myth and History’Fondation Napoléon website
[35] Carnot,Lazare,Reply of L.N.M.Carnot 1799,p.30
[36] Lavalette,Count Marie,The Memoirs of Count Lavalette(Philadelphia)1832,p.29
[37] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.2009 p.1166,September 12,1797
[38] 事实上,卡洛·艾曼努尔国王一直在位,直到1802年才让位于他的弟弟。
[39] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.2098 p.1216,September 26,1797
[40] 为防止奥地利最后倾向于战争,军团必须做好准备,所以拿破仑也给巴黎的意大利军团财务、公民阿莱(Haller)等人写信。阿莱收到的信说:“请去纽扣生产地,告诉我情况如何。因为纽扣没做好,全军依然赤身裸体。”附言只有一句:“钱钱钱!”CG1 no.2146,p.1243。
[41] Dubroca,Louis Jean,Life of Bonaparte,First Consul of France 1802,p.91
[42] Rose,John Holland,The Life of Napoleon 2 vols.1903,Ⅰ p.169
[43] ed. Méneval,Baron Napoleon,Memoirs to Serve for the History of Napoleon Ⅰ from 1802 to 1815 3 vols.1894,Ⅰ p.106
[44] 指意大利即兴喜剧(commedia dell’arte)角色潘塔洛内(Pantalone),此人唯利是图,贪得无厌。
[45] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.2149,p.1244,Octoebr 7,1797
[46] ed. Bingham,D.A.,A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon 3 vols.1884,Ⅰ p.189
[47] ed. Sanderson,Edgar,Bourrienne’s Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte 1900,p.60
[48] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.2170 p.1256,October 18,1797
[49] Dubroca,Louis Jean,Life of Bonaparte,First Consul of France 1802,p.90
[50] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.2163 p.1253,October 17,1797
[51] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.2170 p.1257,October 18,1797
[52] Jenkins,E.H.,A History of the French Navy 1973,p.226,ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.2191 p.1267,November 5,1797
[53] ed. Bingham,D.A.,A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon 3 vols.1884,Ⅰ p.192
[54] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.2220 pp.1283-9,November 11,1797
[55] ed. Sanderson,Edgar,Bourrienne’s Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte 1900,p.63
[56] ed. Sanderson,Edgar,Bourrienne’s Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte 1900,p.64
[57] Simms,Brendan,Europe:The Struggle for Supremacy 2013,p.156
[58] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.1587,p.963,May 27,1797
[59] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.2274 p.1313,November 30,1797
[60] Lavalette,Count Marie,The Memoirs of Count Lavalette(Philadelphia)1832,p.35
[61] ed. Bingham,D.A.,A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon 3 vols.1884,Ⅰ p.194
[62] Espitalier,Albert,Vers Brumaire 1914,pp.45-6
[63] ed. Hanoteau,Jean,The Memoirs of Queen Hortense 2 vols.(New York)1927,Ⅰ p.32
[64] 1865年,宅邸全面重建,如今它是银行,门牌也改成了60号。拿破仑时代的遗址中,此地是个例外,不值特意绕道去。
[65] 这一时期,一名将军的年薪约为5000法郎。
[66] Knapton,Ernest John,Empress Josephine(Cambridge,MA)1963,p.153
[67] ed. North,Jonathan,Napoleon on Elba 2004,pp.153-4,ed. Bingham,D.A.,A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon 3 vols.1884,Ⅰ p.195
[68] Rovigo,Duc de,Mémoires du duc de Rovigo 8 vols.1828,Ⅰ p.25
[69] ed. Bingham,D.A.,A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon 3 vols.1884,Ⅰ p.200
[70] Espitalier,Albert,Vers Brumaire 1914,pp.45-7
[71] Williams,Helen Maria,A Narrative of the Events Which Have Taken Place in France 1815,p.5
[72] D’Abrantès,Duchess,At the Court of Napoleon 1991,p.46,Rovigo,Duc de,Mémoires du duc de Rovigo 8 vols.1828,Ⅰ p.24
[73] ed. Sanderson,Edgar,Bourrienne’s Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte 1900,pp.65-6
[74] ed. Bingham,D.A.,A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon 3 vols.1884,Ⅰ p.195,Rose,John Holland,The Life of Napoleon 2 vols.1903,Ⅰ p.173,Lockhart,J.G.,The History of Napoleon Buonaparte 2 vols.1831,Ⅰ p.105
[75] ed. Sanderson,Edgar,Bourrienne’s Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte 1900,p.63
[76] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Les Apprentissages 1784-1797 2004,no.12280 p.1316,November 26,1797
[77] Lockhart,J.G.,The History of Napoleon Buonaparte 2 vols.1831,Ⅰ pp.105-6
[78] Healey,F.G.,The Literary Culture of Napoleon 1959,p.88,Williams,The Life of Goethe p.39
[79] ed. Hanoteau,Jean,The Memoirs of Queen Hortense 2 vols.(New York)1927,Ⅰ p.33
[80] Rovigo,Duc de,Mémoires du duc de Rovigo 8 vols.1828,Ⅰ p.26
[81] Tone,Theodore Wolfe,The Life of Theodore Wolfe Tone 1828,p.266
[82] ed. Sanderson,Edgar,Bourrienne’s Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte 1900,p.68
[83] ed. Lentz,Thierry,La Campagne d’égypte et l’Avènement 1798-1799 2005,no.2315 p.38,February 23,1798
[84] Holland,Lord,Foreign Reminiscences 1850,p.245
[85] ed. Sanderson,Edgar,Bourrienne’s Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte 1900,p.68
[86] Knapton,Ernest John,Empress Josephine(Cambridge,MA)1963,pp.150-53
[87] Knapton,Ernest John,Empress Josephine(Cambridge,MA)1963,p.151
[88] Hastier,Louis,Le grand amour de Joséphine 1955,p.152
[89] Hastier,Louis,Le grand amour de Joséphine 1955,pp.152-4
[90] Hastier,Louis,Le grand amour de Joséphine 1955,p.160