[51] Chaptal,Jean-Antoine,Mes souvenirs de Napoléon 1893,p.348
[52] Branda,Pierre,Napoléon et ses hommes 2012,p.271
[53] ed. Méneval,Baron Napoleon,Memoirs to Serve for the History of Napoleon Ⅰ from 1802 to 1815 3 vols.1894,Ⅰ pp.125-6
[54] ed. Méneval,Baron Napoleon,Memoirs to Serve for the History of Napoleon Ⅰ from 1802 to 1815 3 vols.1894,Ⅰ pp.121-2
[55] ed. Méneval,Baron Napoleon,Memoirs to Serve for the History of Napoleon Ⅰ from 1802 to 1815 3 vols.1894,Ⅰ p.123
[56] ed. Lentz,Thierry,Pacifications 1800-1802 2006,no.5751 p.438,November 8,1800
[57] 英葡同盟是世界上最古老的同盟:1376年,两国初次结盟;1386年、1643年、1654年、1660年、1661年、1703年、1815年、1899年、1904年、1914年,两国都重申同盟关系(1899年两国系秘密结盟);1982年马岛战争中,英国引用了英葡同盟关系。
[58] Esdaile,Charles,The Peninsular War 2002,p.5
[59] 1792年某次战斗中,法军击败西班牙军,此后戈多伊囚禁原西班牙首相阿兰达(Aranda)伯爵。
[60] ed. Bingham,D.A.,A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon 3 vols.1884,Ⅰ p.349
[61] eds.Kerautret,Michel and Madec,Gabriel,Tilsit,l’Apogée de l’Empire 1807 2010,no.16336 p.1106,September 8,1807
[62] 今阿尔加维(Algrave)。——译者注
[63] Bausset-Roquefort,Baron Louis Fran?ois de,Private Memoirs of the Court of Napoleon(Philadelphia)1828,p.78
[64] Esdaile,Charles,The Peninsular War 2002,p.7
[65] Lipscombe,Nick,The Peninsular War Atlas 2010,p.23
[66] eds.Kerautret,Michel and Madec,Gabriel,Tilsit,l’Apogée de l’Empire 1807 2010,no.16554 p.1204,October 17,1807
[67] ed. Woloch,Isser,Revolution and the Meanings of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century(Stanford,CA)1996,p.68
[68] ed. Bingham,D.A.,A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon 3 vols.1884,Ⅱ p.352
[69] 两年后,吕西安试图逃往美洲,中途被皇家海军俘虏。他去了伍斯特郡(Worcestershire)流放,之后好几年过得舒适惬意,还写诗贬低“查理曼”(他二哥)。
[70] ed. Bingham,D.A.,A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon 3 vols.1884,Ⅱ p.349
[71] Broers,Michael,Europe under Napoleon 1799-1815 1996,p.156
[72] ed. Bingham,D.A.,A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon 3 vols.1884,Ⅱ p.349
[73] 今多诺斯蒂亚(Donostia)。——译者注
[74] 1713年,《乌得勒支条约》把直布罗陀割让给英国。
[75] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.17350 pp.236-7,March 9,1808
[76] ed. Woloch,Isser,Revolution and the Meanings of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century(Stanford,CA)1996,p.70
[77] Rovigo,Duc de,Mémoires du duc de Rovigo 8 vols.1828,Ⅲ p.251
[78] ed. Woloch,Isser,Revolution and the Meanings of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century(Stanford,CA)1996,p.71
[79] ed. North,Jonathan,Napoleon on Elba 2004,p.50
[80] ed. North,Jonathan,Napoleon on Elba 2004,p.50
[81] Bausset-Roquefort,Baron Louis Fran?ois de,Private Memoirs of the Court of Napoleon(Philadelphia)1828,p.118
[82] Bausset-Roquefort,Baron Louis Fran?ois de,Private Memoirs of the Court of Napoleon(Philadelphia)1828,p.125
[83] ed. Woloch,Isser,Revolution and the Meanings of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century(Stanford,CA)1996,p.73,Rovigo,Duc de,Mémoires du duc de Rovigo 8 vols.1828,Ⅲ p.255
[84] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.17699 p.423,April 25,1808
[85] ed. Woloch,Isser,Revolution and the Meanings of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century(Stanford,CA)1996,p.73
[86] Gates,David,‘The Wars of 1812:A French Perspective’Mars & Clio no.34 Summer 2012,p.50
[87] Gates,David,‘The Wars of 1812:A French Perspective’Mars & Clio no.34 Summer 2012,p.51
[88] Sarrazin,General,History of the War in Spain and Portugal 1815,p.33
[89] Esdaile,Charles,‘Recent Writing on Napoleon and His Wars’The Journal of Military History vol.73 issue 1 January 2009,p.211,ed. Tulard,Jean,Bibliographie critique des mémoires sur le Consultat et l’Empire 1971,p.175,Anon.,‘The Unpublished Letters of Napoleon’p.358
[90] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.17759 pp.451-4,May 2,1808
[91] Lipscombe,Nick,The Peninsular War Atlas 2010,p.23
[92] Blaze,Captain Elzéar,Life in Napoleon’s Army 1995,p.57
[93] 7月5日,在伦敦圣詹姆斯街布鲁克斯俱乐部,议员汉弗莱·豪沃思同第四代乔姆利(Cholmondeley)伯爵打赌,赌“现阶段约瑟夫·波拿巴不在马德里或其周边地区行使君主权力”,前者下注100几尼,后者下注25几尼(Brooks’s Club Betting Book)。法国人其实已在马德里掌权,不过7月20日约瑟夫才到。
[94] Rovigo,Duc de,Mémoires du duc de Rovigo 8 vols.1828,Ⅲ p.352,Bausset-Roquefort,Baron Louis Fran?ois de,Private Memoirs of the Court of Napoleon(Philadelphia)1828,p.180
[95] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.17829 p.489,May 10,1808
[96] ed. Latimer,Elizabeth,Talks of Napoleon at St-Helena 1903,p.130
[97] 塔列朗靠这一安排赚了不少:费迪南德铺设价值20万法郎的地毯,购置水力发动机给庄园供水,甚至花钱购买厨房菜园的蔬菜。Kolli,Memoirs,p.3.
[98] ed. Summerville,C.J.,The Exploits of Baron de Marbot 2000,p.283
[99] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.17699 p.423,April 25,1808
[100] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.17826 p.487,May 9,1808
[101] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.18480 p.831,July 4,1808
[102] Tulard,Jean,Le grand empire 1982,p.146
[103] Rovigo,Duc de,Mémoires du duc de Rovigo 8 vols.1828,Ⅲ p.358
[104] ed. Woloch,Isser,Revolution and the Meanings of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century(Stanford,CA)1996,pp.75-6
[105] eds. Kafker,Frank and Laux,James,Napoleon and His Times(Florida)1989,p.220 n.9
[106] Bausset-Roquefort,Baron Louis Fran?ois de,Private Memoirs of the Court of Napoleon(Philadelphia)1828,pp.188-9
[107] Vaughan,C.R.,Narrative of the Siege of Zaragoza 1809,p.5,Bell,David A.,The First Total War 2007,p.281
[108] Vaughan,C.R.,Narrative of the Siege of Zaragoza 1809,p.22
[109] 可就连这件事也没让拿破仑取消海军计划。1808年,他写给德克雷的海量信件涉及造船的不同方面,如所需木材种类、伐木、木材运输、木材储存。1810年7月,他致信德克雷,提到他计划在1812年年底建成由110艘船组成的海军。Bingham ed.,Selection III,p.50.
[110] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.18401 p.797,June 25,1808,ed. Gueniffey,Patrice,Wagram Février 1809-Février 1810 2013,no.18659 p.930,July 25,1808
[111] Lipscombe,Nick,The Peninsular War Atlas 2010,p.52
[112] ed. Latimer,Elizabeth,Talks of Napoleon at St-Helena 1903,p.257
[113] Dumas,Lt-Gen.Comte Mathieu,Memoirs of his own Time 2 vols.1839,Ⅱ p.186,ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.18835 p.1036,September 6,1808
[114] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.18685,p.945,August 3,1808
[115] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.18797 p.1007,August 30,1808
[116] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.18619 p.909,July 19,1808
[117] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.18707 p.957,August 16,1808
[118] 五个月后,拿破仑和蒂埃博回顾维梅鲁之战细节,蒂埃博佩服他“能指出我军部署的大部分薄弱点,我惊讶地发现,他的确比我还记得清我的报告内容”。Butler ed.,Baron Thiébault II,p.238.
[119] Aldington,Richard,Wellington 1946,p.48
[120] 今塔霍河(the Tajo)。——译者注
[121] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.18951 pp.1090-91,September 18,1808
[122] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.18869 p.1055,September 9,1808
[123] Rovigo,Duc de,Mémoires du duc de Rovigo 8 vols.1828,Ⅲ p.450
[124] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.18685 p.945,August 3,1808
[125] Grimsted,Patricia Kennedy,The Foreign Ministers of Alexander Ⅰ(Oakland,CA)1969,p.166
[126] Grimsted,Patricia Kennedy,The Foreign Ministers of Alexander Ⅰ(Oakland,CA)1969,p.166
[127] ed. Lentz,Thierry,1810:Le tournant de l’Empire 2010,p.300
[128] Bausset-Roquefort,Baron Louis Fran?ois de,Private Memoirs of the Court of Napoleon(Philadelphia)1828,p.212
[129] 另一套是为约瑟芬制造的,但是1818年路易十八把它送给威灵顿。该套瓷器今展示于伦敦阿普斯利邸宅。
[130] Chevallier,Bernard,Empire Style 2008,p.64
[131] Bausset-Roquefort,Baron Louis Fran?ois de,Private Memoirs of the Court of Napoleon(Philadelphia)1828,p.213
[132] ed. North,Jonathan,Napoleon on Elba 2004,p.145,Rapp,General Count,Memoirs of General Count Rapp 1823,p.133
[133] Dwyer,Philip,Talleyrand 2002,pp.99,116,ed. Bingham,D.A.,A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon 3 vols.1884,Ⅱ p.413
[134] ed. Bingham,D.A.,A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon 3 vols.1884,Ⅱ pp.413-14
[135] Bausset-Roquefort,Baron Louis Fran?ois de,Private Memoirs of the Court of Napoleon(Philadelphia)1828,p.212
[136] eds. Larichev,E. and Ostarkova,Ⅰ.,Paris-St Petersburg 1800-1830(Moscow)2003,p.18
[137] eds. Larichev,E. and Ostarkova,Ⅰ.,Paris-St Petersburg 1800-1830(Moscow)2003,p.18
[138] 希腊神话中牛首人身的怪物。——译者注
[139] TLS 12/5/1927 p.325,Florange,Charles and Wunsch,A.,L’Entrevue de Napoleon et de Goethe 1932,pp.12ff,Brown,Peter Hume,Life of Goethe 2 vols.1920,Ⅱ p.547 n.1
[140] 歌德的书信体作品《少年维特之烦恼》是非严格意义上的自传性小说。拿破仑有一本翻烂了的《少年维特之烦恼》,其封面和封底上凸印着帝国金盾徽。该书今展示于纽约皮尔庞特·摩根图书馆,拿破仑经常读它,以至于有些页纸几乎要脱落了。这本书是1804年巴黎出版的版本,可见他甚至在称帝后常读此书。
[141] Florange,Charles and Wunsch,A.,L’Entrevue de Napoleon et de Goethe 1932,pp.12ff
[142] Brown,Peter Hume,Life of Goethe 2 vols.1920,Ⅱ pp.546-7
[143] Brown,Peter Hume,Life of Goethe 2 vols.1920,Ⅱ p.547
[144] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.19042 p.1126,October 9,1808
[145] Brown,Peter Hume,Life of Goethe 2 vols.1920,Ⅱ p.547
[146] Williams,John R.,The Life of Goethe 1998,p.39
[147] Brown,Peter Hume,Life of Goethe 2 vols.1920,Ⅱ p.546,Florange,Charles and Wunsch,A.,L’Entrevue de Napoleon et de Goethe 1932,pp.12ff
[148] Bausset-Roquefort,Baron Louis Fran?ois de,Private Memoirs of the Court of Napoleon(Philadelphia)1828,p.223
[149] Bausset-Roquefort,Baron Louis Fran?ois de,Private Memoirs of the Court of Napoleon(Philadelphia)1828,p.217
[150] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.19050 p.1130,between October 11 and 13,1808
[151] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.19053 p.1131,October 12,1808
[152] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.19056 p.1133,October 13,1808
[153] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,nos.19184,19270,p.1186,November 4,1808,p.1225,November 14,1808
[154] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.19327 pp.1248-9,November 19,1808
[155] ed. Dwyer,Philip,Napoleon and Europe 2003,p.18
[156] Esdaile,Charles,‘Recent Writing on Napoleon and His Wars’The Journal of Military History vol.73 issue 1 January 2009,pp.217-18
[157] Tone,John L.,The Fatal Knot 1994,p.4
[158] Tone,John L.,The Fatal Knot 1994,p.182
[159] Sherwig,John M.,Guineas and Gunpowder(Cambridge,MA)1969,pp.367-8
[160] Blaze,Captain Elzéar,Life in Napoleon’s Army 1995,pp.58-9,Bell,David A.,The First Total War 2007,p.290,Gonneville,Aymar-Olivier de,Recollections of Colonel de Gonneville 2 vols.2009,Ⅰ p.61
[161] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.19197 p.1192,November 5,1808
[162] Dumas,Lt-Gen.Comte Mathieu,Memoirs of his own Time 2 vols.1839,Ⅱ p.180
[163] Chlapowski,Dezydery,Memoirs of a Polish Lancer 2002,p.45
[164] Bausset-Roquefort,Baron Louis Fran?ois de,Private Memoirs of the Court of Napoleon(Philadelphia)1828,p.233
[165] Bausset-Roquefort,Baron Louis Fran?ois de,Private Memoirs of the Court of Napoleon(Philadelphia)1828,p.235
[166] Bausset-Roquefort,Baron Louis Fran?ois de,Private Memoirs of the Court of Napoleon(Philadelphia)1828,p.232
[167] The Nation,16/7/1896 p.45
[168] Bausset-Roquefort,Baron Louis Fran?ois de,Private Memoirs of the Court of Napoleon(Philadelphia)1828,p.239
[169] Gonneville,Aymar-Olivier de,Recollections of Colonel de Gonneville 2 vols.2009,p.65
[170] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.19650 pp.1388-9,December 31,1808
[171] ed. Jennings,Louis J.,The Croker Papers,3 vols.1885,Ⅰ p.355
[172] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.19675 p.1402,January 2,1809
[173] Bonaparte,Napoleon,The Confidential Correspondence of Napoleon Bonaparte with his Brother Joseph 2 vols.1855,Ⅱ p.411
[174] Chlapowski,Dezydery,Memoirs of a Polish Lancer 2002,p.72
[175] Bausset-Roquefort,Baron Louis Fran?ois de,Private Memoirs of the Court of Napoleon(Philadelphia)1828,p.242
[176] Bausset-Roquefort,Baron Louis Fran?ois de,Private Memoirs of the Court of Napoleon(Philadelphia)1828,p.242
[177] ed. Madec,Gabriel,Expansions méridonales et résistances 1808-Janvier 1809 2011,no.19855 p.1497,January 15,1809
[178] Cobban,Alfred,A History of Modern France vol.Ⅱ 1961,Ⅱ p.56,Tone,John L.,The Fatal Knot 1994,p.4
[179] Alexander,Don W.,‘French Replacement Methods during the Peninsular War’Military Affairs vol.44 issue 4 December 1980,p.192
[180] Alexander,Don W.,‘French Replacement Methods during the Peninsular War’Military Affairs vol.44 issue 4 December 1980,p.192
[181] Lipscombe,Nick,The Peninsular War Atlas 2010,p.23,Alexander,Don W.,‘French Replacement Methods during the Peninsular War’Military Affairs vol.44 issue 4 December 1980,p.193,Fraser,Ronald,Napoleon’s Cursed War(New York)2008
[182] Lentz,Thierry,Savary 2001,p.188