Jena 413，418，421
and war with Austria（1809）501，502-3
created prince 531
and marriage of N to Marie Louise 540
and Jér?me 585
in Russia 595
at Berezina river 627
and Louis ⅩⅧ 713
death（suicide）743
Berthollet，Claude-Louis，scientist 89
Bertin brothers 243
Bertrand，General Henri ⅹⅹⅹⅴ，170，718，774，801-2，818
Lützen 646，647
Bautzen 652
Leipzig 676
and Elba 716，719
with N in 1815 return to France 730
at Waterloo 758
on St Helena 779，784
Bessières，Marshal Jean-Baptiste 100，344
in Egypt 163
Consular Guard 253
Austerlitz 383，388
in Prussia 426
in Spain 485，486
in Germany 502
Aspern 513
Wagram 519，524
Borodino 606-7
Maloyroslavets 618
death 646-7，685
Beurnonville，General Pierre de 224
Beyts，Fran?ois 237
Bidasoa，River，Wellington’s crossing of 674
Bigarré，Major，Austerlitz 388
Bigonnet，Jean-Adrien 221，224
Bigot de Préameneu，Félix，and Code Napoléon 276
Billon，Captain Fran?ois-Frédéric 442
Binasco，burning of 98-9
Binet de Marcognet，General Pierre de 764 and n
biographies，British 317
Biot，Colonel Hubert 702
Blaze，Captain 268，469，638
Eylau 442
in Spain 482
in Austria 510
Blin，Joseph，deputy 224
Blücher，General Gerhard von 643
surrender of Lübeck 422
and Army of Silesia 663-4，693，700-701
and Leipzig campaign 665，674，675
Katzbach 672
crossing of Elbe 674
Leipzig 676，680，682
Brienne 693-4
and1814campaign 694
Champaubert 699
Craonne 704
Ligny 754，755
and Waterloo campaign754，759
Bobr，French eagles burned at 626
Bodin，Louis，army contractor 159-60
Bohemia 672
Bologna 105
Bon，General Louis-André 121
in Egypt 163
Holy Land 186
death 195
Bonaparte（Buona Parte）family 3-4，6，7-8
support for Revolution 29-30
split from Paolist nationalists 33-4，41
exile from Corsica 44-5
with N in Milan 143
relations with Beauharnais 352，536-7
and support for N’s return（1815）740-41
under papal protection in Rome 816
Bonaparte，Carlo（father）5，6
death7，17-18
recognition as noble 9-10
financial problems 18-19
Bonaparte，Caroline（Maria-Annunziata）7，352，796，816
marriage to Murat 144
and N’s marriage to Marie Louise 541
Bonaparte，Charles（son）see Bonaparte，Napoléon-Fran?ois-Joseph-Charles
Bonaparte，Charles-Louis-Napoléon（son of Louis），as Napoleon Ⅲ 817
Bonaparte，Charlotte（daughter of Lucien）475
Bonaparte，Elisa（Maria-Anna）（sister）7，352，393，502n，686
marriage to Felice Baciocchi 143，361
Bonaparte，Jér?me（Girolamo）（brother）7，68，304
marriage to Princess Caterina of Württemberg 321，395
marriage to Elizabeth Patterson 343
as King of Westphalia 397，461
and Russian campaign 581，584-5
N and 644
support for N’s return（1815）740
Waterloo 756，760，761
after Waterloo 771
last years 816
Bonaparte，Joseph（elder brother）5，7，8，18，706-7
early career 15-16，24，27，31，33
marriage to Julie Clary 53
as diplomat 67，108
in Italy 107
and Compagnie Bodin scandal 159
in Egypt 163
and Josephine’s affair with Charles 171
and negotiations with Vatican 272
and treaty with America 286
and Peace of Amiens 308
as heir to N 311，343，536
as Grand Elector 342
as King of Naples 397，399
and Army of Naples 447-8
as King of Spain 480，482，483，486，501，692
and Talavera 531
relations with N 660，705-7
and Vitoria660
and Marie Louise 705-6
and escape of Marie Louise and son from Paris 708-9
support for N’s return（1815）740
last years 816
Bonaparte，Joseph（grandfather）9
Bonaparte，Josephine（wife）68-71，311
incarceration（1794）69-70
marriage to N（1796）70-72
N’s letters to 82，92-3，99-100，102-4，107-8，124
affair with Hippolyte
Charles 93，100，159-60，171，207
relations with N 104，207-8，330-31
travels to Italy 107-8，110，116，124
extravagance 155，207，247-8，468
and Compagnie Bodin scandal 159-60
and machine infernale bomb attack 287
Bonaparte，Josephine（wife）-cont.
and Hortense 304
and d’Enghien 336-7
coronation 352，353-6
religious ceremony 352
at Mainz 413，431
divorced by N 535-7，538
descendants 537
patronage of arts 544
death 723-4
Bonaparte，Letizia（Maria-Letizia Ramolino）（mother）3，5，6-7，8，11，60
as widow 19，60
and d’Enghien affair 336-40
and coronation 352-3，356
and civil marriage of N to Marie Louise 541-2
on Elba 724，730
N’s farewell to 774
funds for N on St Helena 789n
last years in Rome 816
Bonaparte，Louis（brother）7，343，813，816
schooling 34-5，58，67
marriage to Hortense Beauharnais 304，398，816
as Constable of France 342
as King of Holland 397-8，549-50
and N’s return（1815）740
at Rochefort 774
Bonaparte，Luciano，archdeacon of Ajaccio（great-uncle）4，6，19，36
Bonaparte，Lucien（Luciano）（brother）7，24，30，114，816
marriage to Christine Boyer 54，305
and Brumaire coup 209-10，222，223，224-5
as interior minister 239，304
and plebiscite results 239-40
marriage to Alexandrine Jouberthon 305
and coronation 352
support for N’s return（1815）740
and deposition of N（1815）772
Bonaparte，Marie Louise see Marie Louise，Archduchess of Austria
BONAPARTE，NAPOLEON
reputation and legacy ⅹⅹⅹⅰ，805-14
early years
birth 3
love of reading 8-9，12-14，2.0，25
education 8-9，10-15；ability in mathematics 11，16；at école Royale Militaire 16-18，806；languages 11-12
Corsica
views on 14-15，21-2，40-41
return visits 19，24，30-34，36-8
with National Guard in 40-41
and recapture of（1796）45
expedition to recapture（1795）57
last visit（1799）202
and Revolution 26-8，29-52，806
view of monarchy 39
Jacobinism 40-41，806
arrest and imprisonment（1794）55-6
early military career
commissioned 19-20
at School of Artillery at Auxonne（1788-9）24-6
return to Auxonne（1791）34-5
promotion to first lieutenant，4th Regiment of Artillery 35-6
with Corsican National Guard（1792）37
deemed to have resigned（1792）37，38
with Corsican Volunteers（1792）40-41
first command（Sardinia）（1793）42-3
transfer to Army of the South（1793）45
rapid promotion in 1790s 52
as artillery commander of Army of Italy（1794）53
promotion to brigadiergeneral（1794）54
in Paris on half pay（1795）58
rejection of appointment in Vendée 58，60，61
attachment to Topographical Bureau 61-2
as second-in-command of Army of the Interior（1795）65-6
and Vendémiaire（1795）65-7，809
command of Army of the Interior（1795）67-8
command of Army of Italy 72
relations with Directory 79，80，83，91-2，93-5，101-2，106，114，142，148，155-6
as military commander 133-4，805-8
attention to detail（micro-management）48-9，54，330，448-9
personal bravery 49，50，122，265-6
ignorance of naval warfare 57，297，363，375，809
ability 72-3
capacity for hard work 79
relations with soldiers 79-80，380，382，432，510
on pillaging and‘living off the land’84-5
speed of marching 85，808
speeches to troops 90，165-6，389-90
nickname of le petit caporal 91
post-battle reports（exaggeration in）92，197，268，639
public adulation 94，133-4，154
and use of punishments 99，125 and n，126，178-9，181and n，182
and aides-de-camp 101
concern for soldiers 125-6，134-7，807
appointment of officers 133-4，345n，671-2
and esprit de corps 134，807
military philosophy 134-7
military reviews 135
role of luck 269
bulletins 372，455-6，576，629-30，772
underestimation of British 394
and peace negotiations 656-7
military strategy 806-8
early grasp of 61-2
‘strategy of the central position’82，133
manoeuvre sur les derrières 88
bataillon carré system 112-13，116，646，751
ordre mixte 132
military campaigns and battles see individual campaigns and battles；Sixth Coalition，war of；Third Coalition，war of
foreign strategies 91-2，499
in Syria/Middle East 186
plans for invasion of England 327-32，357-8，364-5
‘Continental System’427-31，548-9，560-61
politics and governance 806
and early Italian nationalism 95-6，118，241
religious reforms in Italy 118
negotiation of treaties 138-40，142
role in Fructidor Coup 146-8
peace negotiations with Italy 148，149-51，154
reforms in Egypt 169，174
and Brumaire coup（1799）206-28
policy of national unification 238-46，809-10
marriage alliances 304-5，320-21
concern with minutiae of administration 351，367，401-2，467，549，742，813
enlightened authoritarianism 809-10，812-13
see also N-，as emperor；N-，as First Consul（below）
as First Consul
appointment as Consul 225，231-49
moves into Tuileries 246-8
religious settlement（1800-1801）270-75
and Code Napoléon 275-9，809，810
social reforms 279-81
and Conseil d’état 281-4
declared Consul for life 310-11
as emperor 809-10
and renewal of war against Austria 250-51
campaign for imperial throne 341-2
proclamation as 342
and succession 342，343，533-4
appointment of Marshals 344-5
and use of honours 349-50，399-400，464-6 and n，531
strategy in Europe 362-3，459-60，490-91，493，499
view of Austria 365，499
and Joseph as king of Naples 397，399
imperial household468and n，469
and Portugal 473-5
and Spain 474-5，478-88，493-7
and height of empire 527-51
excommunication by Pius Ⅶ 530
political errors（1810）550-51
preparation for war with Russia 556-79
coup against（Malet）（1812）622-3
on return from Russia 636-7，639-42
Concordat with Pius Ⅶ（1813）639-40
government after Leipzig 685-7
and prospect of failure（1814）690-91
options for peace terms（1814）691-2
deposition and abdication（1814）710，711，713-16
exile on Elba 722-30
decision to retake throne 726，727，728-9
escape from Elba 729-31
Hundred Days（return to France1815） 730-39
size of force 730-31
proclamations at Golfe-Juan 731-2
Hundred Days（return to France 1815）-cont.
Route Napoléon（to Grenoble）732，733，734-7
reversal of Bourbon reforms 744-5
proposals for European peace 746
ratification of Acte Additionnel 749
Waterloo campaign 750-69
return to Paris after Waterloo 770-73
second abdication 772-3
contemplation of escape from France 774-6
surrender to Royal Navy 774，776-7
last years on St Helena and death 778-802
will 799-801
death and burial 801
remains reinterred 801-2
appearance 58-9，68，75，101，149，177，247
dress 469-70
on Elba 717
in1815：747，777
character 812-14
Corsican accent 9
handwriting 9，16
heroes 12，13，136，158，284，491
social and political beliefs 17-18，25-6，29，38，97-8
religious views 22，32-3，99，258，271-2，401
confidence 72-3，75
identity as French 73
spelling of name 73 and n
and public image 106
use of histrionics 149
view of women 157-8，278，281，460-61n
and savants on Egyptian expedition 165，167
relations with Muslims in Egypt 169-71，174-7
conservatism 243
dynamism 282-3
impatience 371，471-2
speed of travel 462，499，555，595-6，808
dislike of dissent 466-7
relations with staff 472
emotional self-control 641
enlightenment 809-10，812-13
health 8，795
scabies 49-50
complaints about 148-9，434
fever at Borodino 601
reports in letters 630，653-4
at Dresden 668，671
Leipzig campaign 672，681
suicide attempts 715，772
haemorrhoids 756-7
at Waterloo 756-7，760
deterioration on St Helena 792-4，795-9
depression 793
alleged arsenic poisoning 796
stomach cancer 796-8
personal life 468-73
courtship of Désirée Clary 53-4，56-7，59-60
social life in Paris（1795）58-9
marriage to Josephine de Beauharnais（1796）70-72
acquisition of art from Italy 85n，87-8，89，105-6
wealth 143，247-8
election to Institut de France 156-7
divorce from Josephine 171，535-7，538
affair with Pauline Fourès 182-3
reconciliation with Josephine 207-8
mistresses 330-31，361and n，399-400，437n，533，780-81；Marie Colonna-Walewska 435，437，462-3，517，534
daily regime 470-71，790-91
marriage to Marie Louise of Austria 539-43，655
parting from Marie Louise and son 692
relations with family 7-8，304-5，398-9，461-2，772
and mother 6，7，11，724，730，774，789n
allegations of illegitimacy 10
Joseph15-16，660，705-7
and father 18-19
Jér?me 644，740
Pauline 692，721
and will 799-800
letters ⅹⅹⅹⅴ-ⅹⅹⅹⅵ，48-9，297-8n，359，412 and n，435n，812
to Joseph Fesch 15-16
to Joseph 29，39，58，59-60，707
to Directory 94-5
to Josephine 82-3，92-3，99-100，102-4，107-8，124，373，462；published（1833）104
intercepted，published by British goverment 171-2
from Egypt 180 and n to Cambacérès 305-6
on administrative detail 351，367，402，448-9
on art of ruling 362
from Prussia 423
from Poland 446，447
to Jér?me 461-2
dictation and secretaries 471-2
from Vienna 531-2
to Marie Louise 540，615-16，645，650，653，706，714-15，724-5
from Russian campaign 575
to Berthier（1812）575
reading and books
purposeful love of reading 8-9，12-14，20，25
interest in history 12-13
admiration for Rousseau 13，22
collection of books for Egypt expedition 163，165
collection of books for Russia 569，595-6n
library at Longwood 802
writings and essays 21-4，25-6
‘On Suicide’21-2，794
The Hare 22
history of Corsica 24，27，31，32，34
‘A Parallel between Love of Glory and Love of Country’24
‘Dissertation sur l’Autorité Royale’25
melodramas 26
‘New Corsica’31
‘Dialogue sur l’Amour’35
and Lyons Academy essay prize（1791）35
pamphlets on Corsica 43-4
Le Souper de Beaucaire 45-6，56
Clisson et Eugénie 62-3
Caesar’s Wars 464-5，790
notes for autobiography 625
memoirs（on St Helena）789-91
Bonaparte，Napoléon-Fran?ois-Joseph-Charles（son by Marie Louise）6，564-5，817
Bonaparte，Napoléon-Louis-Charles（son of Louis）311，482，533-4
Bonaparte，Pauline（Maria-Paola）（sister）7，352，779，796，816
marriage to Charles Leclerc 143-4，343-4
and death of Leclerc 302
marriage to Don Camillo Borghese 302
infidelities 343-4
bodyguard in Russian campaign 572-3
loyalty to N 692，721
on Elba 724，730
Bonaparte，Stéphanie（daughter of Joseph），marriage to Karl Ludwig of Bavaria 395
Bonnet，General，Lützen 647，650
