饭饭TXT > 军事历史 > 《深蓝帝国:英国海军的兴衰(出版书)》作者:[英]本·威尔逊/译者:沈祥麟【完结】 > 深蓝帝国:英国海军的兴衰.txt

第56章 终章:止于银海之上(1982~2013年).8

作者:英-本·威尔逊/译者:沈祥麟 当前章节:15418 字 更新时间:2026-6-14 01:20

monitors,526,553

Monson,William,153

Montague,380

Montagu,Edward,see Sandwich,earl of

Montanes,449

Montreal,capture of,343

Moonlight Battle,359,373-4

Moreno,Joaquin,404

Morley,Lord,52

Mount Vernon(Virginia),290

Mountbatten,Lord Louis,461,499,624-5

Mucius,379

Murray,Captain George,427

Mutinies:under Charles Ⅰ,168-9;Civil War,189;German,554;on HMS Blanche,400-1;Invergordon,558;Spithead and Nore,408-9

Myngs,Admiral Christopher,249-50,252-3,256

Nanking,479

Nantes,blockade of,332-3

Naples,394,472

Napoléon,485

Napoleon Bonaparte:378,386,398-9,411-13,420,431,434,443,472,581;final defeat,467-9,481,527;invasion plan,436-40;surrenders to HMS Bellerophon,ⅹⅹⅰ,469

Napoleon Ⅲ,Emperor,485,492

Narborough,John,250,252-6,258

Narvik operation,575-6

Naseby(later HMS Royal Charles),190,211-12,219-21,227

Nassau Conference,625

Nasser,Colonel Gamal Abdel,623

National Government,558

NATO,622-3,625-6,628-30,640,642,648

naval administration:bribery and corruption in,163-4;centralization under Elizabeth Ⅰ,105-6,109-11,152-3;under Commonwealth,202-3;earliest records of,32-3;Middleton’s reforms,375-7;Pepys and,255,259,261,266;professionalization under Henry Ⅷ,84-5;reformed role for Admiralty,283,321-4;St Vincent’s economies,431

naval arms race,pre-1914,518-19

naval aviation,494,546-7,556-8,560,568-89,627

Naval Discipline Act(1661),230

naval fiction,462

naval films,461-3

naval intelligence,563

naval slang and phrases,311-13

Navarino,Battle of,470-1

Navigation Acts,194-5,210,249,393,481

navigation,revolution in,75

Navy League,508

Nelson,Admiral Lord(Horatio):236,304,323,351,382,485,489,509,566,602;and Battle of Copenhagen,427-31;and Battle of the Nile,386-7,413-21;and Battle of Trafalgar,444-57,527;his death,449-50,455-6;early career,392-4;Hamilton affair,424,427;and HMS Blanche mutiny,400-1;his legacy,462,466,494,499,505;and Mediterranean theatre,422-4,433-44;as model for Beatty,529,531,535;the‘Nelson Touch’,441;serves under Hood,372,378,383,387,393-4;serves under St Vincent,395-6,398-402,404-12;takes command of Victory,431-2

Neptune,448-9

Netherlands:abolition of slavery,472;achieve independence,164;duke of Alba’s invasion,96-7;Dutch revolt,103-5;French evacuation,306;naval decline,196;naval union with England,265-6;rise of commercialmilitary state,179-84;and Spanish Armada,116,121,123;see also Anglo-Dutch wars

New Amsterdam,surrender of,238-9

New Model Army,188

New York,239,348,354,356,361,363-4

Newcastle,duke of,325,335,342

Newfoundland,74,76-7,80,180,226,257-8,344,489,596

Newfoundland fishing fleet,165,224,229,238,251

Nicholas,Edward,169,173,175-6

Nicholls,Captain Richard,239

Nicolas,Lieutenant Paul Harris,451,455

Niger,river,491n

Nile,Battle of the,323,386-7,392,413-24,426-8,439,442,462

Nile Club,421

Nine Years War,275-7,281

Ni?o,Pero,60

Noble,Sir Percy,595,603

Nonpareil,117,123,132

Nootka Sound Crisis,377

Nore guardship,392

Nore mutiny,408-9

Normandie,492

Normandy landings,616-17

Norris,Sir John,291

North,Lord,349

North Cape,Battle of the,613

Northumberland,380

north-west passage,80

Norway,fall of,574-6,580

Nott Review,630-1,635

Nottingham,earl of,see Howard of Effingham,Admiral Lord

Nottingham,Lord,267

Nottingham,Viking occupation of,11

Nuestra Se?ora del Rosario,130-1

Nyerere,President Julius,627

Oak,204,209

Oates,Captain Lawrence,463

Oates,Titus,230,261

Obdam;Jacob van Wassenaer,241,243

O’Brian,Patrick,462,467

Océan,334

Officers:Battle of Trafalgar,452-3;eccentricities,500-1;levels of education,352-3;and mutinies,409;in Nelson’s navy,388-9,397,436-7;standing officers,231-3;‘tarpaulin’officers,250-2,256,321;and technical training,510-11

Ohio valley,French enter,322,324

Okinawa,Battle of,620

Olaf Tryggvason,23

Old Bahama Channel,343,352

Oldenbarnevelt,Jan van,180

Oléron,Battle of,57

Oliver,Henry,512

Operation Barbarossa,587

Operation Tiger,584-5,587

Opium Wars,478-9,490,495

Oranje,243

ordinary seamen,226-7

Orient,418-20

Orwell,river,53

Osborne,Admiral Henry,328

Ossory,earl of,252,256

Ostend,U-boat base,551,553

Ottoman Empire,112,126,212-13,470-1,486

Owen,Captain William Fitzwilliam,ⅹⅹⅲ

paddle steamers,477-8,484

Pall Mall Gazette,502-3

Palliser,Sir Hugh,349

Palmer,Sir Henry,184

Palmerston,Lord,471,475-6,483-4,487,490

‘Palmerston Follies’,492

Panama,104,290-1,489

Paramaribo,capture of,253

Paraná,river,478

Paris,Matthew,9,30

Paris,Viking raid on,11

Parker,Admiral Sir Hyde(Ⅰ),359-60,372,426n

Parker,Admiral Sir Hyde(Ⅱ),426-30

Parker,Admiral Peter,393

Parker,Admiral William,397,437,471,477-9,486-7,494,505

Parma,duke of,116,120-1,123,126,128,131,133-4,137-8,140,142,146,581

Parry,Edward,ⅹⅹⅲ-ⅹⅹⅳ

Paul,Tsar,426,430

Paul,81

Pay,Harry,60

Peace of Amiens,431

Peacock,Admiral James,209

Pearl Harbor,547,590-1,636

Peel,Robert,476

Pellew,Edward,see Exmouth,Admiral Lord

Penn,Admiral William,192,195,199,203-4,209,213-14,241,244,250,300

Pennington,Admiral Sir John,169-70,174-6,179,183-4

Pepys,Samuel:219-21,235,238,240,244,247-8,250,253,263;and naval administration,255,259,261,266

Persian Gulf,210,622,627,630

Peter Pomegranate,78,84,107

Pett,Peter(Ⅰ),107,110-11,121

Pett,Peter(Ⅱ),237

Pett,Phineas,164

Pett,Richard,330-1

petty officers,232-4,408

Peuple Souverain,417-19

Peyton,Captain John,412,417

Philadelphia,capture of,356

Philip le Bon,duke of Burgundy,65

Philip Ⅳ(the Fair),king of France,50

Philip Ⅵ,king of France,50

Philip Ⅱ,king of Spain:91,95-7,103-5,109,111-14,146;and Spanish Armada,116-21,123,126-8,130-2,134,142-4,148-9

Philip Ⅴ;king of Spain,277

Philip and Mary,111

Philippe Auguste,king of France,31-4

Phillips,Admiral Sir Tom,590

Pilgrimage of Grace,84

pinnaces,84

pirates and privateers:Barbary corsairs,192,212,225,232,235,256-8;Breton pirates,40;early policing of,46-8,56;under early Stuarts,163,165-6,168,172-3,176-7;Elizabethan,104-5,113-14,147-8,151;French privateers,271,pirates and privateers—contd 275-6,284,301;Germanic pirates,14;under Henry Ⅵ,65-7;under Henry Ⅶ,85-7;Somali pirates,645

Piraeus,blockade of,487

Pitt,William,289,325-7,335,344,375,377

Plains of Abraham,335

Pliny,14

Pluton,448

Plymouth:building of dry dock,277;building of new docks,375;and Hawkins family,81,93;and Napoleon’s invasion plan,437;and Spanish Armada,122-6,128-9;supplies Western Squadron,301,330-2

Plymouth,Battle of,197-8,200,206

Pocock,Admiral Sir George,306,335,343

Pocock,Nicholas,159

Poder,295,304,407

Poitiers,Battle of,57

Polaris missiles,625-7,630

Pondicherry,326,335,343

Port Stanley,522,636,640

Portland,Battle of(Channel Fight),203-6,211,215

Porto Bello,capture of,287-8,290

Porto Farina,Battle of,212-13,216-17

Portsmouth:assassination of Buckingham,171-2;building of dry dock,277;building of new docks,375;and French invasion,87-8;George Ⅲ visits,362;and Napoleon’s invasion plan,437

Portugal:abolition of slavery,472,476;and Brazilian independence,471;civil war,471,477;maritime expansion,73-4,77,80,86,91;Spanish annexation,112-13

Poser,Gunter,610-11

Pound,Admiral Sir Dudley,578

powder monkeys,391

Prégent de Bidoux,78-9

press gangs,239-40,492

Prestonpans,Battle of,298

Principe de Asturias,449

Prinz Eugen,585-6,591

prison hulks,469

prostitutes,224-5

Pulteney,William,286

pursers,231-3,321

Q-ships,548-9

Qishan,governor of Guangdon,478-9

quartermasters,233-4

Quebec,capture of,335

Quiberon Bay,Battle of,332-41,344,351-2,374,393,462,527

radar,575,636-7

Raeder,Admiral Erich,605

R?dwald,king of the East Angles,14-15,519

Ragusa,467,479

railways,482,647

Rainborow,Colonel Thomas,189

Rainborow,William,182

Rainbow,118,123

Raleigh,Walter,84,109,122,150

Ramillies,Battle of,280

Ramsay,Admiral Sir Bertram,577,595,616-17

Ramsey,Lieutenant,474

Rata Encoronada,134

Real Carlos,430

Recalde,Juan Martínez de;116,127,130,132-4,136,138,141

Redoubtable(Ⅰ),334

Redoubtable(Ⅱ),448-9,453

Regent,68,78

Reis,Yusuf(John‘Birdy’Ward),182

Renaud de Dammartin,count of Boulogne,33

Reneger,Robert,86-7

Républicain,380

Revenge,108,117,123,131

Reynolds,Admiral Sir Barrington,476

RFA Largs Bay,642

RFA Sir Galahad,638,640,644

RFA Sir Geraint,638

RFA Sir Lancelot,638

RFA Sir Percivale,638

RFA Sir Tristram,638,640

Rhine,river,11,14,278

Rhode Island,356

Rhodesia,blockade of,627,629

Rh?ne,river,11

Richard Ⅰ,King,4,31-2,44

Richard Ⅱ,King,57,59

Richard Ⅲ,King,67-8

Richelieu,Cardinal,169

Ripley Building,283

River Plate,Battle of the,571-4,591

RMS Lusitania,548

RMS Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ,644

RMS Trent,484

Robinson,William,390,452,456

Rochefort,326,341,351,353,439

Rodney,Admiral George Brydges:306,333,349,357-65,367-74,426n,438,530,620;and Battle of the Saintes,368-74,379,411,438,440;character,383,414-15,509,531;his legacy,351,383,397,407,414

Rollo,duke of Normandy,22

Romans,14,17

Rommel,General Erwin,584,588,605

Rooke,Admiral George,270-1,274,276-9

Ross,John Clark,ⅹⅹⅲ

Rouen,Viking sack of,11

rowbarges,84,89,107

Rowley,Admiral Joshua,359-61

Royal Africa Company,238

Royal Air Force,557,574,581,588,596,625-8,635

Royal Fleet Auxiliary(RFA),514

Royal Marines,628,630

Royal Naval Air Service,557,560

Royal Naval Reserve(RNR),492,514,640

Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve(RNVR),514,602

Royal Navy:Anson reforms,319-25;conditions of service,224-36,388-9;creation of Western Squadron,300-4;early Stuart decline,162,165,172;end of naval supremacy,555,566;equality and diversity,641;faction and indiscipline,349-50,356-7;Fisher reforms,509-15;funding,281-3,307-8,375,377;gentrification,462,499;‘great armament’(1856),489;Howe reforms,351-7;impact on daily life,311-13;interwar rearmament,559-61;interwar strength,561;late Stuart professionalization,255-9,307;Nelson’s navy,388-92,456;Pall Mall Gazette exposé,502-3;and politics,250-1,271;postwar decline,627-8,633,643-8;and private shipping,166-7,170,172;public affection and perception,157-9,284,307-8,461-4,490-1,634,647-8;raising of Ship Money fleet,177-8;recruitment,239-40;scandals of 1740s,295-9;Second World War losses,617,620;seized for Parliament,184;‘showing the flag’,484;strength in American war,355;strength after First World War,553;strength after Second World War,620,622,624-5;strength in Seven Years War,329-30,343-4;and Ten-Years Rule,555,559;and two power standard,485,504,508;union with Dutch navy,265-6;Victorian navy,498-501,634;see also English navy

Rufiji,river,526

rum ration,311-12,388,456,498,604

Rump Parliament,194,211,218

Rupert of the Rhine,Prince,189-92,244-7,250-2,261

Russell,Admiral Edward,262-3,265,267,269-70,276

Russian navy,and two power standard,485,504

Russo-Japanese War,512,515-16

Rut,John,80

Ryder,Commander Robert,VC,608

St Eustatius,363

St Kitts,281,365-7,415,438

St Lawrence,river,ⅹⅹⅲ,324,328,335,344,351

St Lucia,358-9,363

St Malo,275-6,327

St Mathieu’s Point,40

St Nazaire raid,607-9

St Paul’s Cathedral,282,410

St Petersburg,bombardment of,488

St Vincent,Admiral Earl(Sir John Jervis):335,379,395-9,402-4,406-7,409-12,435,612;character,414-15,509;and naval administration,424-7,430-1,456;Nelson serves under,395-6,398-402,404-12;rejection of tactical theories,406-7

Saintes,Battle of the,368-74,379,383,398,411,438,440,469

Sallee,165,182,215,256-7

salt fish,40,66,75-6

salt fleet,Hanseatic,65-7

‘salt junk’,229,311

Salvador del Mundo,405

San Antonio,430

San Carlos,Battle of,638-9

San Felipe,120,140-1

San Hermengildo,430

San Isidro,405

San Josef,405-6

San Juan d’Ulúa,98-103,130

San Juan,130

San Lorenzo,139-40

San Luis,134

San Martin,117,126,129-33,136,139-40,142

San Mateo,140-1

San Nicolas,405-6

San Salvador(Ⅰ),87

San Salvador(Ⅱ),130-1,140

Sandwich,earl of(Edward Montagu),214-15,218-21,241-3,251,254,296

Sandwich,earl of(John Montagu),299,321-2,361-2

Sandwich,French raid on,66-7

Sandwich Bay,21-7

Sandys,Duncan,624

Santa Ana,447-8

Santa Clara(Holighost de la Tour),60,62-3

Santa Cruz,marquis of,112-14,116,119-21

Santa Cruz de Tenerife,Battle of,215-17,243n,251

Santa Fe,636

Santiago de Cuba,252,291

Santisima Trinidad,405,449-50

Saratoga,Battle of,356

Sashes Island,9,16-17,307

Saumarez,Captain James,406,407n,411-14,417-18,421,426,430-1

Saumarez,Captain Philip de,306

Saunders,Admiral Charles,306,329,335

Savage,Able Seaman William,VC,608

Savoy,277,279,281

Scapa Flow,German surrender at,554-5

Scarborough:blockade of,204;raid on,528,530

Scharnhorst,572,576,591-2,613

Scheer,Admiral Reinhard,462,534-6,538,543-5,551,553,595

Scheldt estuary,52-3,206

Scheveningen,Battle of,209-10,241,249

Schooneveld,Battle of,253

scientific voyages,ⅹⅹⅱ-ⅹⅹⅴ

Scotland:Edward Ⅰ’s wars,44-5;Edward Ⅲ’s wars,47;expanding naval power,68;rebellion against Charles Ⅰ,179;union with England,151-2

Scott,John,447

Scott,Percy,500,511,517

Scott,Captain Robert Falcon,ⅹⅹⅳ,463

screw propeller,introduction of,484

scurvy,229,291-2,300,303,330-1,425,435

Seafarer,The,15

seaplanes,546-7

Sebastopol,488

Seine,river,10-11,19,32,87,89

Selden,John,177-8

Senegal,329,343

Servaux,Pierre,445,447

Seven Years War,343-4,351,358,362,383

Severn,river,19

Seymour,Lord Henry,123,137

Seymour,Lieutenant Commander Ralph,530,535

Seymour,Thomas,90

Shakespeare,William,421

Shanghai,479

Sheerness fort,111

Sheffield,Lord,123

Ship Money,176-9

shipbuilding industry,decline of,643-4

ships:carvel-built,31,62,64,68;clinker-built,30-1,44,64;copper-bottomed,358-9;‘full-rigged’,62;iron-built,478;iron-clad,488,492-3;rates of,226;steam-powered,477-9,484-5,487,491;three-decker,164

ships of the line:209,240,257,318,389;74-gun,322-3,329,340;and steam power,484-5

Ships With Wings,462

shipworm,288,292,358

shipwrights,85,106-7,110,121-2

shot,red-hot,376n

Shovell,Admiral Sir Cloudesley:249,252-3,255-8,263,266-9,278-80,284,289,300,489,634;his death,274-5

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