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[125] 请参见Frederick Ⅱ of Hohenstaufen. The Art of Falconry，Being the De Arte Venandi cum Avibus. Trans. Casey A.Wood and F.Marjorie Fyfe. Stanford，Calif.：Stanford University Press，1961.translator’s preface，105-6。
[126] 关于腓特烈二世提出的质疑，请参见Frederick Ⅱ of Hohenstaufen. The Art of Falconry，Being the De Arte Venandi cum Avibus. Trans. Casey A.Wood and F.Marjorie Fyfe. Stanford，Calif.：Stanford University Press，1961.4-5。有关的现代评述，参见Glacken，Clarence J. 1990 Traces on the Rhodian Shore：Nature and Culture in Western Thought from Ancient Times to the End of the Eighteenth Century. Berkeley：University of California Press.224-26，and Stresemann，Erwin 1975 Ornithology from Aristotle to the Present. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press.9-12。
[127] 有关文献参见al-Nadim. The Fihrist of al-Nadim：A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture. Trans. Bayard Dodge. New York：Columbia University Press，1970.II，739；Hofmann，H. F. 1968 “A Short Notice of Some MSS of a Few Books on Falconry，Interesting to the Altaicist.” In Jagd 1968，pp. 77-89；M?ller，Detlef 1965 Studien zur mittelalterlichen arabischen Falkenerliteratur. Berlin：de Gruyter.20-25 and 107-8；Haskins，Charles H. 1922 “Some Early Treatises on Falconry.” Romanic Review 13：18-27；and Ergert，Bernd E. 1997 “Early Treatises on Hunting.” In Blüchel 1997，1：102-31。关于作为知识探寻对象的狩猎活动，请参见Xenophon，I.5。
[128] Jahāngīr. Tūzuk-i Jahāngīrī or Memoirs of Jahāngīr. Trans. Alexander Rogers，ed. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi：Munshiram Mansharlal，1978.，292.
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[130] Taylor，lan M. 1986 “‘Guan，Guan’Cries the Osprey：An Outline of Pre-Modern Chinese Ornithology.” Papers on Far Eastern History 33：1-22.
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[132] Sarton，George 1961 Appreciation of Ancient and Medieval Science During the Renaissance（1450-1600）. New York：A.S. Barnes.54-63，esp.60.
[133] 有关树木年轮的评论请参见Menzies，Nicholas K. 1996 Agro-Industries and Forestry. Joseph Needham，ed.，Science and Civilization in China，vol. 6，pt. 3，Biology and Biological Technology. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press.631。
[134] McCook，Stuart 1996 “It May Be Truth But It Is Not Evidence：Paul du Chaillu and the Legitimation of Evidence in the Field Sciences.” Osiris 2nd ser. 11：177-97.
[135] Simakov，Georgii N. 1989a “Hunting with Raptors in Central Asia and Kazakhstan.” In Seaman 1989，pp.129-33；Simakov，Georgii N. 1989b “Okhota s lovchimi ptitsami y narodov Srednei Azii i Kazakhstane.” In R. F. Its，ed.，Pamiatniki traditsionnobytovoi kul’tury narodov Srednei Azii，Kazkhstana i Kavkaza. Leningrad：Nauka，pp.30-48；and Gouraud，Jean-Louis 1990 “Les derniers aigliers：notes d’un voyage au Kazakhstan.” ?tudes mongoles ésibériennes 21：126-34.
[136] SH de Rachewiltz，Igor，trans. The Secret History of the Mongols：A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century. Leiden：E.J.Brill，2004.I，5 and 11，and SH/I de Rachewiltz，Igor，ed. Index to the Secret History of the Mongols. Indiana University Uralic and Altaic Series 121. Bloomington：Indiana University，1972，17-18 and 22.其他前帝国时期鹰猎活动的例子，请参见Rashīd/A Rashīd al-Dīn. al-tavārīkh. Ed. A.A.Alizade et al. Moscow：Nauka. Vols.I/1，298，andYS Yuanshih. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1978.ch. 1，1-2。
[137] Rubruck Jackson，Peter，trans. and David Morgan，ed. The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck. London：Hakluyt Society，1990.85，and MM Dawson，Christopher，ed. The Mongol Mission：Narratives and Letters of the Franciscan Missionaries in Mongolia and China in the 13th and 14th Centuries. New York：Sheed and Ward，1955，100.
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[148] Jahāngīr. Tūzuk-i Jahāngīrī or Memoirs of Jahāngīr. Trans. Alexander Rogers，ed. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi：Munshiram Mansharlal，1978.II，50，53，54，60，112，125-26，284，and 287.
[149] Rubruck Jackson，Peter，trans. and David Morgan，ed. The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck. London：Hakluyt Society，1990.179，and MM Dawson，Christopher，ed. The Mongol Mission：Narratives and Letters of the Franciscan Missionaries in Mongolia and China in the 13th and 14th Centuries. New York：Sheed and Ward，1955.154.
[150] Bābur，?ahir al-Dīn. The Bābur-nāma in English. Trans. Annette Susannah Beveridge. London：Luzac，1969.399.
[151] Frederick Ⅱ of Hohenstaufen. The Art of Falconry，Being the De Arte Venandi cum Avibus. Trans. Casey A.Wood and F.Marjorie Fyfe. Stanford，Calif.：Stanford University Press，1961.5-6，and 105-6.
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[155] Abūl Fa?l，AN Abū l Fa?l. Akbar Nama. Trans. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi：Atlantic Publishers，1989.，II，368，370-71，and 393-94；Abū’l Fa?l，AA Abū’l Fa?l. The Akbār-ī Trans. H.Blochmann. Reprint Delhi：Atlantic Publishers，1979.I，295-96；and Tavernier，Jean-Baptiste. Travels in India，2nd ed.. Trans. V. Ball. Oxford：Oxford University Press，1925.I，218-19.
[156] Jahāngīr. Tūzuk-i Jahāngīrī or Memoirs of Jahāngīr. Trans. Alexander Rogers，ed. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi：Munshiram Mansharlal，1978.II，4-5；P.Mundy Mundy，Peter. The Travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia，1608-1617. Ed. Sir Richard Carnac Temple. Reprint Nendeln：Kraus Reprint，1967-72.II，85-86；and Ovington，J. A Voyage to Surat in the Year 1689. Ed. H.G.Rawlinson. Oxford：Oxford University Press，1929.117-18.
[157] Manucci，Niccolao. Storia do Mogor or Mugul India，1653-1708. Trans. William Irvine. Reprint New Delhi：Oriental Books Reprint，1981.III，73-74；Hakluyt，PN Hakluyt，Richard，The Principall Navigations of the English Nation. London：J.M.Dent，1907.III，246-48；Purchas，Samuel. Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas，his Pilgrimes. Reprint New York：AMS Press，1965.X，188-89；and SOS O’Kane，John，trans. The Ship of Sulaiman. New York：Columbia University Press，1972. 67-68.
[158] 例如，可参见P.Mundy Mundy，Peter. The Travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia，1608-1617. Ed. Sir Richard Carnac Temple. Reprint Nendeln：Kraus Reprint，1967-72.III，332，以及注释143与144中所引文献。
[159] Pliny. Natural History. Trans. H.Rockham and W.H.S. Jones. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1960-67.VI.66-67，81，91，and VIII.24；Varthema，Ludovico di. The Travels of Ludovico di Varthema in Egypt，Syria，Arabia Deserta and Arabia Felix，in Persia，India，and Ethiopia，A.D.1503-1508. Trans. John Jones. London：Hakluyt Society，1863.189；Hamilton，Alexander. A New Account of the East Indies. London：Argonaut Press，1930.I，190；and Bernier，Fran?ois. Travels in the Mogul Empire，A.D.1656-1668. 2nd ed. Oxford：Oxford University Press，1934，49.
[160] Pliny. Natural History. Trans. H.Rockham and W.H.S. Jones. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1960-67.VIII.1-15.参见Arrian，Ind. Arrian. Indica，in Arrian，HAI.13-14。
[161] Abū’l Fa?l，AA Abū’l Fa?l. The Akbār-ī Trans. H.Blochmann. Reprint Delhi：Atlantic Publishers，1979.I，123-31.
[162] Aelian. On the Characteristics of Animals. Trans. A.F.Scholfield. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1959.I.8 and VI.25，and Manucci，Niccolao. Storia do Mogor or Mugul India，1653-1708. Trans. William Irvine. Reprint New Delhi：Oriental Books Reprint，1981.III，79-79.
[163] 请参见Strabo. The Geography of Strabo. Trans. H.L.Jones. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1967.XV.i.41 and 52，and SOS O’Kane，John，trans. The Ship of Sulaiman. New York：Columbia University Press，1972.67-68。
[164] Abū’l Fa?l，AA Abū’l Fa?l. The Akbār-ī Trans. H.Blochmann. Reprint Delhi：Atlantic Publishers，1979.I，223-24.
[165] Jahāngīr. Tūzuk-i Jahāngīrī or Memoirs of Jahāngīr. Trans. Alexander Rogers，ed. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi：Munshiram Mansharlal，1978.I，128，and II，24.
[166] Khān，48.
[167] 有关评论可参见Varthema，Ludovico di. The Travels of Ludovico di Varthema in Egypt，Syria，Arabia Deserta and Arabia Felix，in Persia，India，and Ethiopia，A.D.1503-1508. Trans. John Jones. London：Hakluyt Society，1863.129，and Bowrey，Thomas. A Geographical Account of Countries Round the Bay of Bengal，1669-1679. Ed. Sir Richard Carnac Temple. 1905. Reprint Nendeln：Kraus Reprint，1967.273-75。
[168] P.Mundy Mundy，Peter. The Travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia，1608-1617. Ed. Sir Richard Carnac Temple. Reprint Nendeln：Kraus Reprint，1967-72.II，52，55 and 85.
[169] 与中国有关的信息，请参见Han Fei Tzu. Basic Writings. Trans. Burton Watson. New York：Columbia University Press，1964.85。
[170] Pliny. Natural History. Trans. H.Rockham and W.H.S. Jones. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1960-67.VI.67-68；Yang Hsüan-chih. A Record of Buddhist Monasteries in Lo-yang. Trans. Yi-t’ung Wang. Princeton，N.J.：Princeton University Press，1984.235-36；and Hwui Li. The Life of Hiuen-tsiang. Trans. Samuel Beal. London：Kegan Paul，Trench and Trubnor，1911.172.
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[172] du Jarric，Pierre，S.J. Akbar and the Jesuits：An Account of the Jesuit Mission to the Court of Akbar. Trans. C.H.Payne. London：Routledge，1926.6-7 and 33.参见RG Moreland，W.H.，ed. Relations of Golconda in the Early Seventeenth Century. Reprint Nendeln：Kraus Reprint，1967.9。
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[174] Ambrose，H Ambrose，St. Hexameron，Paradise，and Cain and Abel. Trans. John Savage. New York：Fathers of the Church，1961.VI.33；Theophylact Simocatta. The History of Theophylact Simocatta. Trans. Michael Whitby and Mary Whitby. Oxford：Clarendon Press，1988.V.10.6；Christensen，Arthur 1944 L’Iran sous les Sassanides. 2nd ed.，rev. Copenhagen：Ijnar Munksgaard.208；and Bosworth，Clifford Edmund 1963 The Ghaznavids：Their Empire in Afghanistan and Eastern Iran. Edinburgh：Edinburgh University Press.115-19.
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[176] 请参见Strabo. The Geography of Strabo. Trans. H.L.Jones. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1967.XV.i.55。
[177] Ibn Ba u?ah，III，596，and Bābur，?ahir al-Dīn. The Bābur-nāma in English. Trans. Annette Susannah Beveridge. London：Luzac，1969.451.
[178] Manucci，Niccolao. Storia do Mogor or Mugul India，1653-1708. Trans. William Irvine. Reprint New Delhi：Oriental Books Reprint，1981.II，339.
[179] Jahāngīr. Tūzuk-i Jahāngīrī or Memoirs of Jahāngīr. Trans. Alexander Rogers，ed. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi：Munshiram Mansharlal，1978.I，136 and 375；du Jarric，Pierre，S.J. Akbar and the Jesuits：An Account of the Jesuit Mission to the Court of Akbar. Trans. C.H.Payne. London：Routledge，1926.79-80；and G.Mundy Mundy，Godfrey Charles. Pen and Pencil Sketches in India：Journal of a Tour in India. 3rd ed. London：John Murray，1858.53-57 and 290.还可参见相关描述SOS O’Kane，John，trans. The Ship of Sulaiman. New York：Columbia University Press，1972.70-73。
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