饭饭TXT > 军事历史 > 《欧亚皇家狩猎史(出版书)》作者:[美]托马斯·爱尔森/译者:马特【完结】 > 欧亚皇家狩猎史.txt

第六章 环境保护.3

作者:美-托马斯·爱尔森/译者:马特 当前章节:15229 字 更新时间:2026-6-14 02:40

[29] Jahāngīr. Tūzuk-i Jahāngīrī or Memoirs of Jahāngīr. Trans. Alexander Rogers,ed. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi:Munshiram Mansharlal,1978.II,70;Manucci,Niccolao. Storia do Mogor or Mugul India,1653-1708. Trans. William Irvine. Reprint New Delhi:Oriental Books Reprint,1981.III,85;and Wittfogel,Karl A. and Feng Chia-sheng 1949 History of Chinese Society,Liao(907-1125). Philadelphia:American Philosophical Society.237 and 337.

[30] Moscati,Sabatino 1962 The Face of the Ancient Orient. Garden City,N. Y.:Doubleday.63;Ratchnevsky,Paul 1937-85 Une code des Yuan. 4 vols. Paris:Collège de France.371-72;Pelsaert,Francisco. Jahangir’s India:The Remontrantie of Francisco Pelsaert. Trans. W.H.Moreland and Pieter Geyl Reprint Delhi:Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli,1972.52;and Roe,Sir Thomas. The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul,1615—1619. Ed. William Foster. Reprint Nendeln:Kraus Reprint,1967.II,392.

[31] TS Gold,Milton,trans. The Tārikh-e Sistan. Rome:Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente,1976.67.

[32] YS Yuanshih. Beijing:Zhonghua shuju,1978.ch. 20,428,and Yang Yü. Beitr?ge zur Kulturgeschichte Chinas unter der Mongolenherrschaft:Das Shan-kü Sin-hua. Trans. Herbert Franke. Wiesbaden:Franz Steiner,1956.70.

[33] Wittfogel,Karl A. and Feng Chia-sheng 1949 History of Chinese Society,Liao(907-1125). Philadelphia:American Philosophical Society.568.

[34] 征服者威廉(William the Conqueror),即威廉一世(公元1027~1087),法国诺曼底公爵,后被加冕为英格兰国王,建立了诺曼王朝。

[35] ASC Whitelock,Dorothy,trans. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle,New Brunswick,N.J.:Rutgers University Press,1961.165;Marco Polo. The Description of the World. Trans. A.C.Moule and Paul Pelliot. London:Routledge,1938. Vol. Ⅰ.233-34 and 257;YS Yuanshih. Beijing:Zhonghua shuju,1978.ch. 6,106,and ch. 16,352.

[36] Rey,Maurice 1965 Le domaine du roi et les finances extraordinaires sous Charles Ⅵ,1388-1413. Paris:S. E. V. P. E. N.142.

[37] YS Yuanshih. Beijing:Zhonghua shuju,1978.ch. 6,346.

[38] Bernier,Fran?ois. Travels in the Mogul Empire,A.D.1656-1668. 2nd ed. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1934,218 and 375.

[39] ARI Grayson,Albert Kirk. Assyrian Royal Inscriptions. Wiesbaden:Otto Harrassowitz,1972-76.II,17,55,92,149,and 175,and ANE Pritchard,James B.,ed.,The Ancient Near East:An Anthology of Texts and Pictures. Princeton,N.J.:Princeton University Press,1973. 2 vols.103.

[40] Lacroix,Paul 1963 France in the Middle Ages:Customs,Classes,Conditions. New York:Frederich Unger.188-89.

[41] McCormick,Finbar 1991 “The Effect of the Anglo-Norman Settlement in Ireland’s Wild and Domesticated Fauna.” In Pam J. Crabtree and Kathleen Ryan,eds.,Animal Use and Culture Change. Philadelphia:MASCA,pp.49.

[42] Juvaynī/Q Juvayn?,. Ta’rīkh-i Jahāngushā. Ed. Mirzā Mu?ammad Qazvīnī. E.J.W. Gibb Memorial Series 26. London:Luzac,1912-37.I,110-11,and Juvaynī/B Juvaynī,. The History of the World Conqueror. Trans. John A.Boyle. Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1958.I,139-40.

[43] Jahāngīr. Tūzuk-i Jahāngīrī or Memoirs of Jahāngīr. Trans. Alexander Rogers,ed. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi:Munshiram Mansharlal,1978.I,129-30,and 209.

[44] CDIPR Islam,Riazul,ed. A Calendar of Documents on Indo-Persian Relations,1500-1700. Karachi:Institute of Central and West Asian Studies,1979.I,190.

[45] ZGC Chan-kuo ts’e. Rev. ed. Trans. J.I.Crump. Ann Arbor:Center for Chinese Studies,University of Michigan,1996.353,and Mencius. Trans. W.A.C. H. Dobson. Toronto:University of Toronto Press,1963.3.11.

[46] Kangxi Jonathan D.Spence,trans. Emperor of China:Self Portrait of K’ang-hsi New York:Vintage,1975.9.

[47] KF Heinisch,Klaus,F.,ed. and trans. Kaiser Friedrich Ⅱ:Sein Leben in zeitgen?ssischen Berichten. Munich:Winkler-Verlag,1969.233;Bernier,Fran?ois. Travels in the Mogul Empire,A.D.1656-1668. 2nd ed. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1934,416;and Herbert,Sir Thomas. Travels in Persia,1627-1629. Ed. William Foster. 1929. Reprint Freeport,N.Y.:Books for Libraries Press,1972.84.

[48] AR Wright,David Curtis,trans. The Ambassador’s Records:Eleventh Century Reports of Sung Embassies to the Liao. Papers on Inner Asia 29. Bloomington:Indiana University,Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies,1998.27 and 43,and Marco Polo. The Description of the World. Trans. A.C.Moule and Paul Pelliot. London:Routledge,1938. Vol. Ⅰ.184.

[49] ,43.

[50] Juvaynī/Q Juvayn?,. Ta’rīkh-i Jahāngushā. Ed. Mirzā Mu?ammad Qazvīnī. E.J.W. Gibb Memorial Series 26. London:Luzac,1912-37.I,193 and 226-27,and Juvaynī/B Juvaynī,. The History of the World Conqueror. Trans. John A.Boyle. Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1958.I,237 and 271.

[51] Muraviev Murav’yov,Nikolay. Journey to Khiva Through the Turkman Country. London:Oguz Press,1977.109.

[52] 关于这个词语的争议词源,请参见Yule,Sir Henry and A. C. Burnell 1903 Hobson-Jobson:A Glossary of Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases. London:John Murray.898-900。

[53] Sarma,I. K. 1989 “Water Reservoirs.” An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology. Delhi Munshiram Manonarlal,302-3.又见Hwui Li. The Life of Hiuen-tsiang. Trans. Samuel Beal. London:Kegan Paul,Trench and Trubnor,1911.99 and 103。

[54] HI Elliot,H.M.E. and John Dawson,trans. The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians:The Muhammadan Period,1867. Reprint New York:AMS Press,1966.I,268;III,206 and 383;IV,8;V,335;and VIII,3.

[55] Tavernier,Jean-Baptiste. Travels in India,2nd ed.. Trans. V. Ball. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1925.I,58,71,121-22,and 124,and Hall,Basil. Travels in India,Ceylon and Borneo. Ed.H.G. Rawlinson. London:Routledge and Sons,1931.192.

[56] Jahāngīr. Tūzuk-i Jahāngīrī or Memoirs of Jahāngīr. Trans. Alexander Rogers,ed. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi:Munshiram Mansharlal,1978.I,254,and II,17 and 42.此外可参见Carré,Abbé. The Travels of Abbé Carré in India and the Near East,1672-1674. Trans. Lady Fawcett and Sir Charles Fawcett. 1947. Reprint Nendeln:Kraus Reprint,1967.I,141,and II,357。

[57] P.Mundy Mundy,Peter. The Travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia,1608-1617. Ed. Sir Richard Carnac Temple. Reprint Nendeln:Kraus Reprint,1967-72.II,31-32,55,60,and 241,and Forbes,James. Oriental Memoirs. 1813. Reprint Delhi:Gian Publishing,1988.II,294-95 and 413-14.

[58] Devèze,Michel 1966 “Forêts fran?aises et forêts allemandes:étude historique comparée(1re partie).” Revue historique 235:347-80,esp. 348-49 and 364.

[59] Darby,H. C. 1976a “Domesday England.” In Darby 1976b,pp.55.

[60] 本章讨论基础请参见Petit-Dutaillis,Charles 1915 Studies and Notes Supplementary to Stubbs’Constitutional History. Manchester:Manchester University Press.147-78。

[61] Gregory of Gregory of Tours. The History of the Franks. Trans. Lewis Tours Thorpe. London:Penguin,1974.558-59.

[62] Duby,Georges 1974 The Early Growth of the European Economy. Ithaca,N.Y.:Cornell University Press.201ff.

[63] Birrell,Jean 1982 “Who Poached the King’s Deer?A Study in Thirteenth Century Crime.” Midland History 7:9-25,and Almond,Richard 2003 Medieval Hunting. Phoenix Mill:Sutton Publishing.125-42.

[64] Savage 1933,32-36 and 40,and Norden,Walter 1997 “Let No One Dare Steal Game from Our Forest.” In Blüchel 1997,1:144-46.

[65] Winters,Robert K. 1974 The Forest and Man. New York:Vantage Press.217-18 and 224-25,and Russell,Emily W. B. 1997 People and the Land Through Time:Linking Ecology and History. New Haven,Conn.:Yale University Press.97-98.

[66] al-?abarī. The History of al-?abarī. Trans,various hands. Albany:State University of New York Press,1985-99.XXV,132,and Abūl Fa?l,AN Abū l Fa?l. Akbar Nama. Trans. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi:Atlantic Publishers,1989.III,979.

[67] ANE Pritchard,James B.,ed.,The Ancient Near East:An Anthology of Texts and Pictures. Princeton,N.J.:Princeton University Press,1973.II,193;,73ff.;and Kirakos Gandzaketsi. Istoriia Armenii. Trans. L.A.Khanlarian. Moscow:Nauka,1976.49.

[68] Mencius. Trans. W.A.C. H. Dobson. Toronto:University of Toronto Press,1963.1.3 and 1.24.

[69] Menzies,Nicholas K. 1996 Agro-Industries and Forestry. Joseph Needham,ed.,Science and Civilization in China,vol. 6,pt. 3,Biology and Biological Technology. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.608-11.

[70] WX Xiao Tong,Wen xuan or Selections of Refined Literature. Trans. David Knechtges. Princeton,N.J.:Princeton University Press,1982-87.I,135,and II,115,119,and 137;HS Ban Gu. Hanshu. Beijing:Zhonghua shuju,1990.ch. 99b,4103;and HS/D Pan Ku. The History of the Former Han Dynasty. Trans. Homer Dubs. Baltimore:Waverly Press,1938-55.III,270.

[71] CWT Yule,Sir Henry,ed. and trans. Cathay and the Way Thither,Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China. 1866. Reprint Taibei:Ch’eng-wen Publishing,1966.II,235;Legrand,Jacques 1976 L’administration dans la domination Sino-Mandchoue en Mongolie Qalq-a. Paris:Collège du France.48;and Brunnert,H.S. and V.V.Hagelstrom 1912 Present Day Political Organization of China. Shanghai:Kellog and Walsh.22,336,and 461-62.

[72] Hue and Gabet Hue,Abbé and Joseph Gabet. Travels in Tartary,Thibet and China,1844-46. New York:Harper and Brothers,1928.I,19-20;Vermeer,Edward B. 1998 “Population and Ecology Along the Frontier in Qing China.” In Mark Elvin and Liu Ts’ui-jung,eds.,Sediments of Time:Environment and Society in Chinese History. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,pp.260;and Menzies,Nicholas K. 1994 Forest and Land Management in Imperial China. New York:St. Martin’s Press.56-57.

[73] Menzies,Nicholas K. 1996 Agro-Industries and Forestry. Joseph Needham,ed.,Science and Civilization in China,vol. 6,pt. 3,Biology and Biological Technology. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.650-54.

[74] Totman,Conrad 1989 The Green Archipelago: Forestry in Pre-industrial Japan. Berkeley:University of California Press.1-6 and 26.

[75] Glacken,Clarence J. 1990 Traces on the Rhodian Shore:Nature and Culture in Western Thought from Ancient Times to the End of the Eighteenth Century. Berkeley:University of California Press.326 and 346-47.

[76] al-?abarī. The History of al-?abarī. Trans,various hands. Albany:State University of New York Press,1985-99.XIII,152,and Langer,Lawrence 1976 “Plague and the Russian Countryside:Monastic Estates in the Late Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries.” Canadian-American Slavic Studies 10,3:357-68.

[77] Pelsaert,Francisco. Jahangir’s India:The Remontrantie of Francisco Pelsaert. Trans. W.H.Moreland and Pieter Geyl Reprint Delhi:Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli,1972.47.

[78] Xenophon,Cyr. Xenophon. Cyropaedia. Trans. Walter Miller. Loeb Classical. Library. Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1994.I.1v.16,and Elishē,247.

[79] GC Vivian,Katherine,trans. The Georgian Chronicle:The Period of Giorgi Lasha. Amsterdam:Adolf M.Hakkert,1991.3.

[80] Voeikov,Aleksandr 1901 “De l’influence de l’homme sur la terre.” Annales de géographie 10:109-11.

[81] RTC Majeska,George P.,trans. Russian Travelers to Constantinople in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Washington,D.C.:Dumbarton Oaks,1984.78-79.

[82] Martin,Paul S. and Christine R. Szuter 1999 “War Zones and Game Sinks in Lewis and Clark’s West.” Conservation Biology 13,1:36-45,and Hickerson,H. 1965 “The Virginia Deer and Intertribal Buffer Zones in the Upper Mississippi Valley.” In Anthony Leeds and Andrew Peter Vayda,eds.,Man,Culture and Animals:The Role of Animals in Human Ecological Adjustments. Washington,D.C.:American Association for the Advancement of Science,pp.43-65.

[83] DMZ指将朝鲜半岛一分为二的非军事区,即宽4公里、长248公里的军事缓冲区,朝鲜与韩国在分界线两边各自部属重兵。这一区域与外界隔绝超过50年,而且不准平民进入,因此变成了野生动物的天堂。

[84] Kim,Ke Chung 1997 “Preserving Biodiversity in Korea’s Demilitarized Zone.” Science 278:242-43,and Kim,Ke Chung and Edward O. Wilson 2002 “The Land That War Protected.” New York Times,December 10:A31.

[85] Kramer,Samuel Noah 1981 History Begins at Sumer. 1956. Reprint Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press.42-43,and Gommans,Jos. 1998 “The Silent Frontier of South Asia,c.A.D. 1100-1800.” Journal of World History 9:110.

[86] Theophylact Simocatta. The History of Theophylact Simocatta. Trans. Michael Whitby and Mary Whitby. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1988.III.7.19.

[87] VMQC Struve,Lynn A.,trans. Voices from the Ming-Qing Cataclysm. New Haven,Conn.:Yale University Press,1993.159-60,167,168,and 170,and Marks,Robert B. 1998 Tigers,Rice,Silk and Silt:Environment and Economy in Late Imperial China. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.161-62.

[88] Simmons,I. G. 1989 Changing the Face of the Earth:Culture,Environment,History. Oxford:Blackwell.316.在美国内战期间,野猪经常会吃掉战场上死去和濒死之人。请参见Caras,Roger 1996 A Perfect Harmony:The Intertwining Lives of Animals and Humans Throughout History. New York:Simon and Schuster.115。

[89] HI Elliot,H.M.E. and John Dawson,trans. The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians:The Muhammadan Period,1867. Reprint New York:AMS Press,1966.III,103 and 353-54,and IV,14.

[90] Wescoat,James L.,Jr. 1998 “The Right of Thirst for Animals in Islamic Law:A Comparative Approach.” In Jennifer Welch and Jody Emel,eds.,Animal Geographies. London:Verso,pp.259-79.

[91] Thiébaux,Marcelle 1967 “The Medieval Chase.” Speculum 42:263-65.

[92] GD Kakabadze,S.S.,trans. Gruzinskie dokumenty Ⅸ-ⅩⅤ vv. Moscow:Nauka,1982.49.

[93] al-Tabarī,VII,19,146,and 147,and XX,2;Ibn Ibn Khurdādhbih. Kitāb al-masālik wa al-mamālik. Ed.M.J.de,132,阿拉伯语文本,and 101-2,法语译本;Ibn Khaldūn,The Muqaddimah:An Introduction to History. Trans. Franz Rosenthal. New York:Pantheon,1958.II,255-26;?ah Ibn Ba u?ah. The Travels of Ibn Ba u?a. Trans. H.A.R.Gibb. Cambridge:University Press for the Hakluyt Society,1958-94.I,208;al-Balādhurī. The Origins of the Islamic State. Trans. Philip Hitti and F. C.Murgotten. New York:Columbia University Press,1916-24.I,69;and Gaudefroy-Demombynes,Maurice 1923 Le pèlerinage à la Mekke:étude d’histoire religieuse. Paris:Geuthner.9-16。

[94] MMT Sunderman,Werner,ed. and trans. Mitteliranische manich?ische Texte kirchengeschichlichen Inhalt. Berlin:Akademie Verlag,1981.116;MK Heinrichs,A. and L.Koenen,eds. and trans. “Der K?lner Manikodex(P.Colon. Inv. Nr. 4780).” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 48(1980):23-27;Fox,Robin Lane 1987 Pagans and Christians. New York:Knopf.566-67;and Goody,Jack 1993 The Culture of Flowers. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.86-87.

[95] La Fleur,William R. 1973 “Saigyō and the Buddhist Value of Nature.” Parts Ⅰ,Ⅱ. History of Religions 13:93-128 and 227-48,and TDB Poppe,Nicolas,trans. The Twelve Deeds of Buddha:A Mongolian Version of the Latitavistara. Seattle:University of Washington Press,1967.112.

[96] 在古印度,“法”的梵文是“dharma”,巴利文和俗语作“dhamma”。阿育王主张以“法”治国,在阿育王碑文中,“dhama”的意思主要与宗教伦理相关,而非现代意义上的法律。

[97] EA Nikam,Narayanrao Appurao and Richard McKeon,trans. The Edicts of A?oka. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1959.31,37,40,45,46,55-56,and 58.

[98] LKA Strong,John S.,trans. The Legend of King A?oka. Princeton,N.J.:Princeton University Press,1983.233-34 and 285-86.

[99] Kalidasa. Shakuntala and Other Writings. Trans. Arthur W.Ryder. New York:E.P.Dutton,1959.19.

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