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第八章 政治动物.3

作者:美-托马斯·爱尔森/译者:马特 当前章节:15376 字 更新时间:2026-6-14 02:40

[42] Hakluyt,PN Hakluyt,Richard,The Principall Navigations of the English Nation. London:J.M.Dent,1907.III,245-46,and Purchas,Samuel. Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas,his Pilgrimes. Reprint New York:AMS Press,1965.X,187-88.

[43] Linschoten,John Huyghen van. The Voyage to the East Indies,Ed. Arthur Coke Burnell and P.A.Tiele. London:Hakluyt Society Publications,1985.I,97-98 and 102,and II,1-2.

[44] 此处讨论基于Zimmer,Heinrich 1963 Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization. New York:Pantheon.59-60,92,and 102-9。

[45] Aelian. On the Characteristics of Animals. Trans. A.F.Scholfield. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1959.III.46,and ,II,200.

[46] TS Gold,Milton,trans. The Tārikh-e Sistan. Rome:Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente,1976.42.

[47] Manrique,Sebastian. Travels of Fray Sebastian Manrique,1629-1643. Trans. C.Eckford Luard. Reprint Nendeln:Kraus Reprint,1967.I,238ff.,272-75,and 283.

[48] Guerreiro,Fernāo. Jahangir and the Jesuits,with an Account of the Travels of Benedict Goes and the Mission to Pegu. Trans. C.H.Payne. London:Routledge,1930.185-86 and 196.

[49] Elias,Norbert 1994 The Civilizing Process. Oxford:Blackwell.474.

[50] Aelian. On the Characteristics of Animals. Trans. A.F.Scholfield. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1959.XIII.23,and Naveh,Joseph and Shaul Shaked 1987 Amulets and Magic Bowls:Aramaic Incantations of Late Antiquity. 2nd ed. Jerusalem:Magnes Press.201.

[51] Campany,Robert Ford 1996 Strange Writings:Anomaly Accounts in Early Medieval China. Albany:State University of New York Press.245-48.

[52] Boyle,John A. 1978 “The Attitude of the Thirteenth Century Mongols Toward Nature.” Central Asiatic Journal 22:177-85,and Herbert,Sir Thomas. Travels in Persia,1627-1629. Ed. William Foster. 1929. Reprint Freeport,N.Y.:Books for Libraries Press,1972.120.

[53] Glacken,Clarence J. 1990 Traces on the Rhodian Shore:Nature and Culture in Western Thought from Ancient Times to the End of the Eighteenth Century. Berkeley:University of California Press.214-16.

[54] Flint,Valerie I. J. 1991 The Rise of Magic in Early Medieval Europe. Princeton,N.J.:Princeton University Press.196 and 259-60;Klingender,F. D. 1971 Animals in Art and Thought to the End of the Middle Ages. Ed. Evelyn Antal and John Harthan. Cambridge,Mass.:MIT Press.456-59;and Friedmann,Herbert 1980 A Bestiary for Saint Jerome:Animal Symbolism in European Religious Art. Washington,D.C.:Smithsonian Institution Press.19-22 and 229ff.参见Sansterre,Jean-Marie 1996 “La vénération des images à Ravenna dans le haut moyen ?ge:notes sur une forme de dévotion peu connue.” Revue Mabillion n.s. 7:12-13。

[55] Buzand Garsoian,Nina G.,trans. The Epic Histories Attributed to Buzand. Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1989.206,and Kirakos Gandzaketsi. Istoriia Armenii. Trans. L.A.Khanlarian. Moscow:Nauka,1976.66.

[56] NC Zenkovsky,Serge A. and Betty Jean Zenkovsky,trans. The Nikonian Chronicle. Princeton,N.J.:Kingston and Darwin Press,1984-89.IV,60-61,and PLDR Dmitriev,L.A. and D.S.Likhachev,eds. Pamiatniki literatury drevnei Rusi,ⅩⅣ-seredina ⅩⅤ veka. Moscow:Khudozhestvennaia literatury,1981.312,古俄语文本,and 313,现代俄语译本。

[57] Zguta,Russell 1978 Russian Minstrels:A History of the Skomorokhi. Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press.8-9,and Dom. Pouncy,Carolyn Johnston,trans. The Domostroi:Rules for Russian Households in the Time of Ivan the Terrible. Ithaca,N.Y.:Cornell University Press,1994.118.

[58] Ibn Ba u?ah. The Travels of Ibn Ba u?a. Trans. H.A.R.Gibb. Cambridge:University Press for the Hakluyt Society,1958-94.II,303-4.

[59] Aigle,Denise 1997 “Le soufisme sunnite en Fārs:Shayh Amīn al-Dīn Balyānī.” In Denise Aigle,ed.,L’Iran face à le domination mongole:études. Tehran:Institut fran?ais de rechérche en Iran,pp.242-43.

[60] Linschoten,John Huyghen van. The Voyage to the East Indies,Ed. Arthur Coke Burnell and P.A.Tiele. London:Hakluyt Society Publications,1985.I,225.

[61] Parks,Fanny. Wanderings of a Pilgrim in Search of the Picturesque. Reprint Karachi:Oxford University Press,1975.II,88.

[62] Hamilton,Alexander. A New Account of the East Indies. London:Argonaut Press,1930.II,45.

[63] Hammond,Charles E. 1996 “The Righteous Tiger and the Grateful Lion.” Monumenta Serica 43:195-97,and Gernet,Jacques 1995 Buddhism in Chinese Society:An Economic History from the Fifth to the Tenth Centuries. New York:Columbia University Press.114.

[64] al-?abarī. The History of al-?abarī. Trans,various hands. Albany:State University of New York Press,1985-99.III,152ff.,esp. 154,and Lewis,Mark Edward 1990 Sanctioned Violence in Early China. Albany:State University of New York Press.200-201.

[65] Isk. Southgate,Minoo S.,trans. Iskandarnamah:A Persian Medieval Alexander Romance. New York:Columbia University Press,1978.184,and Rashīd/J Rashīd al-Dīn. Die Geschichte der Oguzen. Ed. and trans. Karl Jahn. Vienna:Herman B?hlaus,1969.fol. 598r,波斯语文本,and 52,德语译本。

[66] CWT Yule,Sir Henry,ed. and trans. Cathay and the Way Thither,Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China. 1866. Reprint Taibei:Ch’eng-wen Publishing,1966.II,164-65,and Forbes,James. Oriental Memoirs. 1813. Reprint Delhi:Gian Publishing,1988.I,481-83.

[67] Tibbets,G. R. 1979 A Study of Arabic Texts Containing Material on South-East Asia. Leiden:E.J. Brill.47.

[68] Aelian. On the Characteristics of Animals. Trans. A.F.Scholfield. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1959.VII,46,and Isk. Southgate,Minoo S.,trans. Iskandarnamah:A Persian Medieval Alexander Romance. New York:Columbia University Press,1978.61-62 and 73.

[69] Narshakhī. The History of Bukhara. Trans. Richard N.Frye. Cambridge,Mass.:Medieval Academy of America,1954.94,and Jūzjānī/R Jūzjānī,?abaqāt-i nā?irī. Trans. H.G.Raverty. Reprint New Delhi:Oriental Book Reprint,1970.I,33-34.

[70] Forbes,James. Oriental Memoirs. 1813. Reprint Delhi:Gian Publishing,1988.IV,200.

[71] TDB Poppe,Nicolas,trans. The Twelve Deeds of Buddha:A Mongolian Version of the Latitavistara. Seattle:University of Washington Press,1967.198.

[72] Justin Watson,John S.,trans. Justin,Cornelius Nepos and Eutropius. London:Bell and Sons,1910.XV.4.

[73] Kalidasa. Shakuntala and Other Writings. Trans. Arthur W.Ryder. New York:E.P.Dutton,1959.84-86.

[74] GC Vivian,Katherine,trans. The Georgian Chronicle:The Period of Giorgi Lasha. Amsterdam:Adolf M.Hakkert,1991.126.

[75] ,V,282-83.

[76] Houlihan,Patrick F. 1996 The Animal World of the Pharaohs. London:Thames and Hudson.91-95;ARE Breasted,James Henry,trans. Ancient Records of Egypt. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1908.III,196 and 201,and IV,27,67,and 71;and Aelian. On the Characteristics of Animals. Trans. A.F.Scholfield. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1959.V.39.

[77] Comnena,Anna. The Alexiad. Trans. E.R.A.Sewter. New York:Penguin,1985.195;Grigor of ,“History of the Nation of Archers(The Mongols),” ed. and trans. Robert P.Blake and Richard N.Frye. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 12(1949):311;and Chardin,John. Travels in Persia,1673-77. 1927. Reprint New York:Dover,1988.83.

[78] Lassner,Jacob 1970 The Topography of Baghdad in the Early Middle Ages:Text and Studies. Detroit:Wayne State University Press.89,and Zhao Rugua Chau Ju-kua. His Work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries,entitled Chu-fan-chi. Trans. Friedrich Hirth and W.W.Rockhill. Reprint Taibei:Literature House,1965.144.

[79] Manucci,Niccolao. Storia do Mogor or Mugul India,1653-1708. Trans. William Irvine. Reprint New Delhi:Oriental Books Reprint,1981.I,21-22.

[80] Marco Polo. The Description of the World. Trans. A.C.Moule and Paul Pelliot. London:Routledge,1938. Vol. Ⅰ.226,and CWT Yule,Sir Henry,ed. and trans. Cathay and the Way Thither,Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China. 1866. Reprint Taibei:Ch’eng-wen Publishing,1966.II,239.参见Mandeville,Sir John. Travels of Sir John Mandeville. Trans. C.W.R.D. Moseley. New York:Penguin,1983.152。

[81] al-?ābi’,Hilāl. Rusūm Dār al-Khilāfah:The Rules and Regulations of the Court. Trans. Elie A.Salem. Beirut:American University of Beirut,1977.43-44.

[82] Roe,Sir Thomas. The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul,1615—1619. Ed. William Foster. Reprint Nendeln:Kraus Reprint,1967.I,198,and Manucci,Niccolao. Storia do Mogor or Mugul India,1653-1708. Trans. William Irvine. Reprint New Delhi:Oriental Books Reprint,1981.II,121.

[83] Jourdain,John. The Journal of John Jourdain,1608-1617,Describing his Experiences in Arabia,India and the Malay Archipelago. Ed William Foster. Reprint Nendeln:Kraus Reprint,1967.159-60.

[84] Hall,Basil. Travels in India,Ceylon and Borneo. Ed.H.G. Rawlinson. London:Routledge and Sons,1931.233-34.

[85] Bar Hebraeus. The Chronography of Gregory Abū’l Faraj,Trans. Ernest A.Wallis Budge. London:Oxford University Press,1932. Vol. Ⅰ.417.

[86] Chen Cheng Morris Rossabi,trans. “A Translation of Ch’en Ch’eng’s Hsi-yü Fan-kuo chih.” Ming Studies 17(1983):55-56.

[87] Tavernier,Jean-Baptiste. Travels in India,2nd ed.. Trans. V. Ball. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1925.I,66.

[88] ,III,23.

[89] Abū’l Fa?l,AA Abū’l Fa?l. The Akbār-ī Trans. H.Blochmann. Reprint Delhi:Atlantic Publishers,1979.III,445.

[90] Abū’l Fa?l,AA Abū’l Fa?l. The Akbār-ī Trans. H.Blochmann. Reprint Delhi:Atlantic Publishers,1979.I,123-24.

[91] HI Elliot,H.M.E. and John Dawson,trans. The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians:The Muhammadan Period,1867. Reprint New York:AMS Press,1966.IV,20,36,and 80.

[92] Ovington,J. A Voyage to Surat in the Year 1689. Ed. H.G.Rawlinson. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1929.136.

[93] Fryer,John. A New Account of East India and Persia,Being Nine Year’s Travels,1672-1681. Ed. William Crooke. 1909. Reprint Millwood,N.Y.:Kraus Reprint,1967.I,73,242,and 271.

[94] Aristotle,HA Aristotle. History of Animals. In Aristotle,CWA,IX.46,and Pliny. Natural History. Trans. H.Rockham and W.H.S. Jones. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1960-67.VIII.3.

[95] Ibn Ba u?ah. The Travels of Ibn Ba u?a. Trans. H.A.R.Gibb. Cambridge:University Press for the Hakluyt Society,1958-94.III,661-62.参见Varthema,Ludovico di. The Travels of Ludovico di Varthema in Egypt,Syria,Arabia Deserta and Arabia Felix,in Persia,India,and Ethiopia,A.D.1503-1508. Trans. John Jones. London:Hakluyt Society,1863.109。

[96] Tavernier,Jean-Baptiste. Travels in India,2nd ed.. Trans. V. Ball. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1925.I,307,and II,248.

[97] Bernier,Fran?ois. Travels in the Mogul Empire,A.D.1656-1668. 2nd ed. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1934,261-62,and Manucci,Niccolao. Storia do Mogor or Mugul India,1653-1708. Trans. William Irvine. Reprint New Delhi:Oriental Books Reprint,1981.I,89,and II,339.

[98] 相关论述请参见Hall,Basil. Travels in India,Ceylon and Borneo. Ed.H.G. Rawlinson. London:Routledge and Sons,1931.236-37。

[99] Jourdain,John. The Journal of John Jourdain,1608-1617,Describing his Experiences in Arabia,India and the Malay Archipelago. Ed William Foster. Reprint Nendeln:Kraus Reprint,1967.163;my italics.

[100] Aelian. On the Characteristics of Animals. Trans. A.F.Scholfield. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1959.XIII.22.

[101] Abūl Fa?l,AN Abū l Fa?l. Akbar Nama. Trans. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi:Atlantic Publishers,1989.II,112-16;Jahāngīr. Tūzuk-i Jahāngīrī or Memoirs of Jahāngīr. Trans. Alexander Rogers,ed. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi:Munshiram Mansharlal,1978.I,38,and II,41;and Beach,Milo Cleveland 1997 King of the World:The Padshahnama. Washington,D.C.:Smithsonian Institution.72-73.有关波斯语中的“发狂的(mast)”一词和盎格鲁—印第安语中的“发情的(must)”一词,请参见Yule,Sir Henry and A. C. Burnell 1903 Hobson-Jobson:A Glossary of Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases. London:John Murray.604。

[102] CWT Yule,Sir Henry,ed. and trans. Cathay and the Way Thither,Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China. 1866. Reprint Taibei:Ch’eng-wen Publishing,1966. 4 vols.164,and Isk. Southgate,Minoo S.,trans. Iskandarnamah:A Persian Medieval Alexander Romance. New York:Columbia University Press,1978.17.

[103] Hamilton,Alexander. A New Account of the East Indies. London:Argonaut Press,1930.II,94;Manrique,Sebastian. Travels of Fray Sebastian Manrique,1629-1643. Trans. C.Eckford Luard. Reprint Nendeln:Kraus Reprint,1967.I,371 and 390;and Bowrey,Thomas. A Geographical Account of Countries Round the Bay of Bengal,1669-1679. Ed. Sir Richard Carnac Temple. 1905. Reprint Nendeln:Kraus Reprint,1967.312.

[104] SOS O’Kane,John,trans. The Ship of Sulaiman. New York:Columbia University Press,1972.49.

[105] Suetonius. The Lives of the Caesars. Trans. John R.Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1935.Julius,XXXVII.2,and Nikephoros,Patriarch of Constantinople. Short History. Trans. Cyril Mango,Washington,D.C.:Dumbarton Oaks,1990.67,sect.19.

[106] ,127 and 129.

[107] al-?abarī. The History of al-?abarī. Trans,various hands. Albany:State University of New York Press,1985-99.XXXIII,179-80,and XXXVIII,29.

[108] Nīshāpūrī,?ahir al-Dīn. The History of the Seljuq Turks from the al-Tawārīkh:An Ilkhanid Adaptation of the Saljūqnāma of ?ahir al-Dīn Nīshāpūrī. Trans. Kenneth Allin Luther,ed. C.Edmund Bosworth. Richmond,Surrey:Curzon,2001.37,82,and 99-100.

[109] SS Songshi. Beijing:Zhonghua shuju,1977.ch. 164,3894.

[110] ?āfī?-i Abrū/M Maitra,K.M.trans. A Persian Embassy to China,being an Extract from Zubatu’t Tawarikh of Hafiz Abru. Reprint New York:Paragon,1970,50-51;HC Bellér-Hann,Ildikó,trans. A History of Cathay:A Translation and Linguistic Analysis of a Fifteenth-Century Turkic Manuscript. Indiana University Uralic and Altaic Series 162. Bloomington:Indiana University,1995.169;Ripa,Matteo. Memoirs of Father Ripa During Thirteen Years Residence at the Court of Peking. Reprint New York:AMS,1979.125-26;Bell,John. Journey from St. Petersburg to Pekin,1714-22. Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press,1965.142-43;PRDK Demidova,N.F. and V.S.Miasnikov,eds. Pervye russkie diplomaty v Kitae:“Rospis” I.Petlina i stateiny spisok F.J.Baikova. Moscow:Nauka,1966.134;RKO Demidova,N.F. and V.S.Miasnikov,eds. Russko-Kitaiskie otnosheniia v ⅩⅧ veke:Materialy i dokumenty. Moscow:Nauka,1978. Vol. Ⅰ.232;and Brunnert,H.S. and V.V.Hagelstrom 1912 Present Day Political Organization of China. Shanghai:Kellog and Walsh.37.

[111] Suetonius. The Lives of the Caesars. Trans. John R.Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1935.XXI.3.

[112] Herodotus. The Persian Wars. Trans. George Rawlinson,New York:Modern Library,1942.III.32;Aelian. On the Characteristics of Animals. Trans. A.F.Scholfield. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1959.XV.15;HS Ban Gu. Hanshu. Beijing:Zhonghua shuju,1990.ch. 68,2940;and HS/W Watson,Burton,trans. Courtier and Commoner in Ancient China:Selections from the History of the Former Han by Pan ku. New York:Columbia University Press,1974.133.

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