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[15] Helms，Mary W. 1993 Craft and the Kingly Ideal：Art，Trade，and Power. Austin：University of Texas Press.153-57，and Hendricks，Janet Wall 1988 “Power and Knowledge：Discourse and Ideological Tranformation Among the Shuar.” American Ethnologist 15：221.
[16] 有关概况请参见Gnoli，Gherardo 1990 “On Old Persian Farnah.”Acta Iranica 3rd ser. 30：83-92；Golden，Peter B. 1982 “Imperial Ideology and the Sources of Unity Among the Pre-?inggisid Nomads of Western Eurasia.” Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 2：37-76；and de Rachewiltz，Igor 1973 “Some Remarks on the Ideological Foundations of Chinggis Khan’s Empire.” Papers on Far Eastern History 7：21-36。
[17] Decker，Wolfgang 1992 Sports and Games of Ancient Egypt. New Haven，Conn.：Yale University Press.148.
[18] 以下讨论的基础请参见Cassin，Elena 1981 “Le roi et le lion.” Revue de l’histoire des religions 198：355-401。
[19] 有关狮子的育种，请参见ANE Pritchard，James B.，ed.，The Ancient Near East：An Anthology of Texts and Pictures. Princeton，N.J.：Princeton University Press，1973.II，103。
[20] Parrot，Andre 1961 The Arts of Assyria. New York：Golden Press.250，fig. 250；Porada，Edith 1969 The Art of Ancient Iran. New York：Greystone.176 and 177，and fig. 88；Lukonin，Vladimir Grigor’evich 1977 Iskusstvo drevnego Irana. Moscow：Iskusstvo.164 and 166；and Gignoux，Ph. 1983 “La chasse dans l’Iran sasanide.” In Gherardo Groli，ed.，Iranian Studies. Orientalia Romana 5. Rome：Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente，pp.101-3 and 107-11.
[21] Harper，Prudence Oliver 1983 “Sasanian Silver.” In Yarshater 1983b，pp.1115-20.
[22] Haussig，Hans Wilhelm 1992 Arch?ologie und Kunst der Seidenstrasse. Darmstadt：Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.82，illus. 21；Garsoian，Nina G. 1981 “The Locus of the Death of Kings：Iranian Armenia-the Invented Image.” In R. G. Hovanissian，ed.，The Armenian Image in History and Literature. Malibu，Calif.：Undena，pp.46-54；and Braund，David 1994 Georgia in Antiquity：A History of Colchis and Transcausian Iberia 550 BC-AD 562. Oxford：Clarendon Press.253-54.有关伊利汗作为受皇室荣光保佑的狩猎国王的形象，请参见Naumann，Rudolf and Elisabeth Naumann 1969 “Ein K?sk im Sommerpalast des Abaqa Chan auf dem Tacht-i Sulaiman und seine Dekoration.” In Rudolph Naumann and Oktay Aslanapa，eds.，Forschungen zur Kunst Asiens：In Memoriam Kurt Erdman. Istanbul：Baha Mutbaasi，pp.47-49，and fig. 6。
[23] 请参见Litvinskii，B. A. 1972 “Das K’ang-chü-Sarmatische Farnah.” Central Asiatic Journal 16，4：266-82，and Azarpay，Guitty 1981 Sogdian Painting：The Pictorial Epic in Oriental Art. Berkeley：University of California Press.70-73 and 110-12。
[24] Bernier，Fran?ois. Travels in the Mogul Empire，A.D.1656-1668. 2nd ed. Oxford：Oxford University Press，1934，379.
[25] Morris，Brian 2000 “Wildlife Depredations in Malawi：The Historical Dimension.” In Knight 2000b，pp.36-49.
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[27] Pliny. Natural History. Trans. H.Rockham and W.H.S. Jones. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1960-67.III.79，and VIII.217-18，and Marco Polo. The Description of the World. Trans. A.C.Moule and Paul Pelliot. London：Routledge，1938. Vol. Ⅰ.257.
[28] Bowrey，Thomas. A Geographical Account of Countries Round the Bay of Bengal，1669-1679. Ed. Sir Richard Carnac Temple. 1905. Reprint Nendeln：Kraus Reprint，1967.220；Muraviev Murav’yov，Nikolay. Journey to Khiva Through the Turkman Country. London：Oguz Press，1977.108；Herbert，Sir Thomas. Travels in Persia，1627-1629. Ed. William Foster. 1929. Reprint Freeport，N.Y.：Books for Libraries Press，1972.，47；Chardin，John. Travels in Persia，1673-77. 1927. Reprint New York：Dover，1988.173；Hakluyt，V Hakluyt，Richard. Voyages，London：J.M.Dent，1939. Vol.II，120 and 123；and EVTRP Morgan，E.Delmar and C.H.Coote，eds. Early Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia by Anthony Jenkinson and Other Englishmen.1886. Reprint New York：Burt Franklin，1963.II，424-25 and 440.
[29] 相关评论请参见Aelian. On the Characteristics of Animals. Trans. A.F.Scholfield. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1959.V.45，这是古典作家的代表性观点。
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[43] McDougal，Charles 1982 “The Man-Eating Tiger in Geographical and Historical Perspective.” In Ronald L. Tilson and Ulysses S. Seal，eds.，Tigers of the World：The Biology，Biopolitics，Management，and Conservation of an Endangered Species. Park Ridge，N.J.：Noyes Publications，pp.435-48.
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[60] 强盛繁荣的埃及古王国时期大约是从公元前2686～前2181年，包括第三到第六王朝。
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