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[77] 关于地中海地区的狼人传说，请参见Pliny. Natural History. Trans. H.Rockham and W.H.S. Jones. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1960-67.VIII.80-84；有关中国的虎人传说，请参见Schafer，Edward H. 1967 The Vermilion Bird：T’ang Images of the South. Berkeley：University of California Press.228。
[78] Ibn Ba u?ah. The Travels of Ibn Ba u?a. Trans. H.A.R.Gibb. Cambridge：University Press for the Hakluyt Society，1958-94.IV，788.
[79] Fryer，John. A New Account of East India and Persia，Being Nine Year’s Travels，1672-1681. Ed. William Crooke. 1909. Reprint Millwood，N.Y.：Kraus Reprint，1967.I，145-46 and 147.
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[97] Aristotle，HA Aristotle. History of Animals. In Aristotle，CWA，VI.31，VIII.28，and IX.44；Strabo. The Geography of Strabo. Trans. H.L.Jones. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1967.XV.i.19 and XVI.iv.20；Pliny. Natural History. Trans. H.Rockham and W.H.S. Jones. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1960-67.VIII.47；Herodotus. The Persian Wars. Trans. George Rawlinson，New York：Modern Library，1942.XII.125-26；and Dio Chrysostom. Discourses. Trans. H.Lamar Crosby and J.W.Conoon. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1932-51.21.1.
[98] ARE Breasted，James Henry，trans. Ancient Records of Egypt. Chicago：University of Chicago Press，1908.II，346-47，and el-Habashi 1992，55-56.
[99] Kramer，Samuel Noah 1981 History Begins at Sumer. 1956. Reprint Philadelphia：University of Pennsylvania Press.127；ANE Pritchard，James B.，ed.，The Ancient Near East：An Anthology of Texts and Pictures. Princeton，N.J.：Princeton University Press，1973.I，48 and 166，para. 266，and II，36；Barnett，R.D. 1976 Sculptures from the North Palace of Ashurbanipal of Assyria（688-627 B.C.）. London：British Museum Publications.13；and Parrot，Andre 1961 The Arts of Assyria. New York：Golden Press.156 and 158，fig. 192.
[100] Quintus Curtius. History of Alexander. Trans. John C.Rolfe.XIII.i.15；Strabo，XVI.i.1；and Ammianus Ammianus Marcellinus. Trans. John C.Rolf. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1958.XVIII.7.4-5 and XXIII.5.8.
[101] 《后汉书·西域传》。
[102] HHS Fan Ye. Hou Hanshu. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1973.ch. 88，1920.
[103] SGZ Sanguo zhi. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1982.ch. 30，861.
[104] ANE Pritchard，James B.，ed.，The Ancient Near East：An Anthology of Texts and Pictures. Princeton，N.J.：Princeton University Press，1973.II，162，and Xenophon，Cyn. Xenophon. Cynegeticus. In Xenohphon，SM. XI.2.
[105] Welles，C. Bradford，Robert O. Fink，and J. Frank Gilliam 1959 The Excavations at Dura Europos. Vol. 5，pt. 1，The Parchments and Papyri. New Haven，Conn.：Yale University Press.41 and 320，no. 100xx，and Rostovtzeff，M. I. et al.，eds. 1952 The Excavations at Dura Europos，Preliminary Report of the Ninth Season of Work. Pt. 3，The Palace of the Dux Ripae and Dolicheneum. New Haven，Conn.：Yale University Press.47-49.
[106] Usāmah Ibn Munqidh. An Arab-Syrian Gentleman and Warrior in the Period of the Crusades：Memoirs of Usāmah Ibn Munqidh. Trans. Philip K.Hitti. Princeton University Press，1987.113-14，116-17，and 135-39.
[107] al-Balādhurī. The Origins of the Islamic State. Trans. Philip Hitti and F. C.Murgotten. New York：Columbia University Press，1916-24.I，280，and al-?abarī. The History of al-?abarī. Trans，various hands. Albany：State University of New York Press，1985-99.XVIII，112-13.
[108] Teixeira，Pedro. Travels of Pedro Teixeira. Trans. William F.Sinclair. London：Printed for the Hakluyt Society，1902.42；Layard，Austin. Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon，London：John Murray，1853.566-67；and Grant，Christina Philip 1937 The Syrian Desert：Caravans，Travel and Exploration. London：A. & C. Black.15.
[109] ，VI，432-33.此外还可参见Dozy，R. P. A. 1991 Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes. 2 vols. 1881. Reprint Beirut：Librairie du Liban.II，519，见 “labādīd”条目。
[110] al-Balādhurī. The Origins of the Islamic State. Trans. Philip Hitti and F. C.Murgotten. New York：Columbia University Press，1916-24.I，259，and II，109，and Ahsan，Muhammad Manazir 1979 Social Life Under the Abbasids，786-902 AD. London：Longman.81，n. 35.有关第一项请参见Zeuner 1963，245-51，and Postgate，J. N. 1992 Early Mesopotamia：Society and Economy at the Dawn of History. London：Routledge.164-65，阿卡德人（Akkadian）引进水牛的情况。
[111] Linschoten，John Huyghen van. The Voyage to the East Indies，Ed. Arthur Coke Burnell and P.A.Tiele. London：Hakluyt Society Publications，1985.I，305.
[112] G.Mundy Mundy，Godfrey Charles. Pen and Pencil Sketches in India：Journal of a Tour in India. 3rd ed. London：John Murray，1858.158-59 and 275-76.
[113] Saberwal，Vasant K. et al. 1994 “Lion-Human Conflict in the Gir Forest，India.” Conservation Biology 8，2：501-7.
[114] Roe，Sir Thomas. The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul，1615—1619. Ed. William Foster. Reprint Nendeln：Kraus Reprint，1967.II，392 and 402.
[115] Pelsaert，Francisco. Jahangir’s India：The Remontrantie of Francisco Pelsaert. Trans. W.H.Moreland and Pieter Geyl Reprint Delhi：Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli，1972.52，and Bernier，Fran?ois. Travels in the Mogul Empire，A.D.1656-1668. 2nd ed. Oxford：Oxford University Press，1934，182.
[116] 参见Koch，Ebba 1998 Dara-Shikoh Shooting Nilgais：Hunt and Landscape in Mughal Painting. Occasional Papers 1. Washington，D.C.：Freer Gallery of Art.15。
[117] PSRL Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei. Moscow：Iazyki russkoi kul’tury，1997-2000.I，224；PVL Povest vremennykh let po lavrent’evskoi letopisi. 2nd ed. trans. and ed. D.S.Likhachev and V.P.Adrianovoi-Peretts. St.Petersburg：Nauka，1996.，94，古俄语文本，and 232，现代俄语译本；and RPC Cross，Samuel Hazzard and Olgerd P.Sherbowitz-Wetzor，trans. and eds. The Russian Primary Chronicle，Laurentian Text. Cambridge，Mass.：Medieval Academy of America，1953.178。
[118] Hrushevsky，Michael 1941 A History of the Ukraine. New Haven，Conn.：Yale University Press.151.
[119] 其他古代的例子请参见ANE Pritchard，James B.，ed.，The Ancient Near East：An Anthology of Texts and Pictures. Princeton，N.J.：Princeton University Press，1973.II，222，and Ezekiel 14.15-19。
[120] Joshua Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite. The Chronicle of Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite. Trans. Frank K.Trombley and John W.Watt. Liverpool：Liverpool University Press，2000.102-3 and 110.关于使用灵异方法对抗动物侵袭的信息，请参见Trombley，Frank R. 1994 Hellenic Religion and Christianization，c. 370-529. Vol. 2. Leiden：E J. Brill.189-90。
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[122] Dionysius Pseudo-Dionysius of Tel-Mahre. Chronicle，part Ⅲ. Trans. Witold Witakowski. Liverpool：Liverpool University Press，1990.81.
[123] al-?abarī. The History of al-?abarī. Trans，various hands. Albany：State University of New York Press，1985-99.IV，45-46，and Don Juan of Persia. Don Juan of Persia，a Catholic，1500-1604. Trans. Guy Le Strange，London：Routledge，1926.50.
[124] Bagrationi，Vakhushti. Istoriia tsartvo gruzinskogo. Trans. N. T.Nakashidze. Tbilisi：Izdatel’stvo “Metsniereba，”1976.139-40.相关翻译请参见Allen，W.E.D. 1971 A History of the Georgian People. London：Routledge.150。
[125] Yang Hsüan-chih. A Record of Buddhist Monasteries in Lo-yang. Trans. Yi-t’ung Wang. Princeton，N.J.：Princeton University Press，1984.6，and Jenner，W. J. F. 1981 Memories of Loyang：Yang Hsüan-chih and the Last Capital（493-534）. Oxford：Clarendon Press.99-102.
[126] Gernet，Jacques 1995 Buddhism in Chinese Society：An Economic History from the Fifth to the Tenth Centuries. New York：Columbia University Press.118.
[127] Forbes，James. Oriental Memoirs. 1813. Reprint Delhi：Gian Publishing，1988.III，60-61 and 162，and IV，81-82.
[128] Bernier，Fran?ois. Travels in the Mogul Empire，A.D.1656-1668. 2nd ed. Oxford：Oxford University Press，1934，175，227，233，442-43，and 444.
[129] Guerreiro，Fernāo. Jahangir and the Jesuits，with an Account of the Travels of Benedict Goes and the Mission to Pegu. Trans. C.H.Payne. London：Routledge，1930.196.
[130] Eberhard，Wolfram 1968 The Local Cultures of South and East China. Leiden：E.J. Brill.80-82.
[131] Hughes，J. Donald 1989 “Mencius’Prescription for Ancient Chinese Environmental Problems.” Environmental Review 13，3-4：16-17.
[132] Mencius Mencius. Trans. W.A.C. H. Dobson. Toronto：University of Toronto Press，1963.3.3；Han Feizi Han Fei Tzu. Basic Writings. Trans. Burton Watson. New York：Columbia University Press，1964.96；SJ Sima Qian. Shiji. Beijing：Zhonghu shuju，1982.ch. 5，173；and SJH Sima Qian. Records of the Grand Historian：Han Dynasty. Rev. ed. Trans. Burton Watson，New York：Columbia University Press，1993.II，122.
[133] Machinist，Peter 1992 “Nimrod.” Anchor Bible Dictionary. New York：Doubleday，4：1116-18；Speiser，E. H. 1964 The Anchor Bible，Genesis. Garden City，N. Y.：Doubleday.64 and 67-68；and Bar Hebraeus. The Chronography of Gregory Abū’l Faraj，Trans. Ernest A.Wallis Budge. London：Oxford University Press，1932. Vol. Ⅰ.8.
[134] ANE Pritchard，James B.，ed.，The Ancient Near East：An Anthology of Texts and Pictures. Princeton，N.J.：Princeton University Press，1973.I，53-56.
[135] 《阿维斯塔》亦称《波斯古经》，意为知识、谕令或经典，是古代波斯琐罗亚斯德教的圣典，也是波斯最古老的诗文集，其中包含了原始神话、帝王传说、民间故事、历史纪实和宗教祭仪等各类内容。
[136] ZA Darmesteter，James，trans. Zend-Avesta. Reprint Delhi：Motilal Banarsidass，1988. Vol.II，Yasht，XIX.30-38；Yarshater，Ehsan 1983a “Iranian National History.” In Yarshater 1983b，pp.422-26；and Stricker，B. H. 1963-64 “Vār na，the Falcon.” Indo-Iranian Journal 73：310-17.
[137] al-?abarī. The History of al-?abarī. Trans，various hands. Albany：State University of New York Press，1985-99.II，26 and 49-50，and ，II，96.
[138] Ni?ām al-Mulk. The Book of Government or Rules for Kings. Trans. Hubert Darke. London：Routledge and Kegan Paul，1960.179.
[139] 霍尚格（Hoshang）是古代波斯神话传说中伊朗皮什达德王朝的一位国君。
[140] 法里敦（Farīdūn）是印度与伊朗神话传说中的人物，是前阿契美尼德王朝的创建人。
[141] al-?abarī. The History of al-?abarī. Trans，various hands. Albany：State University of New York Press，1985-99.I，341，and II，108-09.
[142] 托普卡珀宫位于伊斯坦布尔，又称旧宫，是15～19世纪奥斯曼帝国的中心，收藏着土耳其历史上许多珍贵文物和文献，现为博物馆。
[143] Ipsiroglu，M. S. 1967 Painting and Culture of the Mongols. London：Thames and Hudson.53 and 99.
[144] Jahāngīr. Tūzuk-i Jahāngīrī or Memoirs of Jahāngīr. Trans. Alexander Rogers，ed. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi：Munshiram Mansharlal，1978.I，240.
[145] Tanabe，Katsumi 1983 “Iconography of the Royal Hunt：Bas Reliefs at Taq-i Bustan，” Orient：The Reports of the Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan 19：103-16.
[146] al-?abarī. The History of al-?abarī. Trans，various hands. Albany：State University of New York Press，1985-99.V，100-102，and Ibn Isfandiyār Browne，Edward G.，trans. An Abridged Translation of the History of ?abaristān. Leiden：E.J.Brill and London：Bernard Quaritch，1905.30-32.
[147] Ibn Ba u?ah. The Travels of Ibn Ba u?a. Trans. H.A.R.Gibb. Cambridge：University Press for the Hakluyt Society，1958-94.II，928.
[148] 在波斯语的亚历山大罗曼司中，主人公曾与“狗那么大的”蜜蜂对决。请参见Isk. Southgate，Minoo S.，trans. Iskandarnamah：A Persian Medieval Alexander Romance. New York：Columbia University Press，1978.32-34。
[149] 马杜克（Marduk）是巴比伦的庇护神。
[150] 因陀罗（Indra）为印度教神祇中的东方守护神。
[151] 圣乔治（Saint George）是基督教传统中四大美德之一“勇敢”的象征和化身，被尊为战斗圣者与保护圣人。
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