[40] 捺钵制度是辽代独特的政治制度，所谓的捺钵，就是汉语中行营、行在、行帐、营盘的意思，是一种政治活动的中心。辽代的皇帝保持着游牧民族的习俗，春夏秋冬四季会游猎在不同的地域，称为四时捺钵。
[41] LS Liaoshi. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1974.ch. 32，373-75；Wittfogel，Karl A. and Feng Chia-sheng 1949 History of Chinese Society，Liao（907-1125）. Philadelphia：American Philosophical Society.131-34；Taskin，V. S. 1973 “Pokhodnye lageria kidan’skikh imperatov.” In G. D. Sukharchuk，ed.，Kitai：Obshchestvo i gosudarstvo. Moscow：Nauka，pp.101-15；and Haenisch，Erich 1935 “Die Abteilung‘Jagd’im Fünfsprachigen W?rterspiegel.” Asia Major 10：64-66.
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[43] YS Yuanshih. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1978.ch. 3，p. 47，and B ?āfī?-i Abrū. ?ayl al-tavārīkh-i Rashīdī. Ed. Khānbābā Bayānī. Salsatat-i instishārāt-i a?ār mīllī，88. Tehran，1971.118.
[44] Qāshānī，Abū al-Qasīm. Ta’rīkh-i ?ljaytū. Ed. M.Hambly，Tehran：B.T.N.K.，1969.31.
[45] PSRL Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei. Moscow：Iazyki russkoi kul’tury，1997-2000. I vols，to date.，247；PVL Povest vremennykh let po lavrent’evskoi letopisi. 2nd ed. trans. and ed. D.S.Likhachev and V.P.Adrianovoi-Peretts. St.Petersburg：Nauka，1996.102，古俄语文本，and 240，现代俄语译本；and RPC Cross，Samuel Hazzard and Olgerd P.Sherbowitz-Wetzor，trans. and eds. The Russian Primary Chronicle，Laurentian Text. Cambridge，Mass.：Medieval Academy of America，1953.211。
[46] Keightley，David N. 1978 Sources of Shang History：The Oracle-Bone Inscriptions of Bronze Age China. Berkeley：University of California Press.181；Shaughnessy，Edward L. 1989 “Historical Geography and the Extent of the Earliest Chinese Kingdoms.” Asia Major 3rd ser. 11，2：1-22.ii；Fiskesj?，Magnus 2001 “Rising from Blood-Stained Fields：Royal Hunting and State Formation in Shang China.” Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 73：104-9；and Wittfogel，Karl A. 1940 “Meteorological Records from the Divination Inscriptions of Shang.” Geographical Review 30：126-28.
[47] 可参见He，Pingli 2003 Xunshou yu fengchan：fengjian zhengchi de wenhua guiji. Jinan：Qi Lu shushe.472-77，有他对这一问题广泛研究的总结。
[48] Vis. Wardrop，Oliver，trans. Visramiani：The Story of the Loves of Vis and Ramin. London：Royal Asiatic Society，1966.191 and 226.
[49] ，65，and GC Vivian，Katherine，trans. The Georgian Chronicle：The Period of Giorgi Lasha. Amsterdam：Adolf M.Hakkert，1991.27 and 101.
[50] Ibn Isfandiyār Browne，Edward G.，trans. An Abridged Translation of the History of ?abaristān. Leiden：E.J.Brill and London：Bernard Quaritch，1905.101，and CC Scholtz，Bernhard Walter，trans. Carolingian Chronicles：Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard’s Histories. Ann Arbor：University of Michigan Press，1970.170.
[51] Juvaynī/Q Juvayn?，. Ta’rīkh-i Jahāngushā. Ed. Mirzā Mu?ammad Qazvīnī. E.J.W. Gibb Memorial Series 26. London：Luzac，1912-37.I，174；Juvaynī/B Juvaynī，. The History of the World Conqueror. Trans. John A.Boyle. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1958.I，218；and MKK Budge，Ernest A. Wallis，trans. The Monks of Kūblāi Khān. London：Religious Tract Society，1928.258-59.
[52] 更多例子可参见Munshī，Iskander. History of Shah . Trans. Roger Savory. Boulder，Colo.：Westview Press，1978.II，607，633，668，765，854，987，and 1139，and ?asan-i Fasā’ī ?asan-e Fasā’ī. History of Persia Under Qājār Rule. Trans. Heribert Busse. New York：Columbia University Press，1972.150 and 167。
[53] Muraviev Murav’yov，Nikolay. Journey to Khiva Through the Turkman Country. London：Oguz Press，1977.60，63，127，141，and 150.
[54] Blake，Stephen P. 1979 “The Patrimonial-Bureaucratic Empire of the Mughals.” Journal of Asia Studies 29，1：91-92，and Blake，Stephen P. 1983 “The Hierarchy of Central Places in North India During the Mughal Period of Indian History.” South Asia 6，1：22-24.
[55] Broecke van den Broecke，Pieter. A Contemporary Dutch Chronicle of Mughal India. Trans. and ed. Brij Narain and Sri Ram Sharma. Calcutta：Susil Gupta，1957.47.
[56] 相关评论请参见Guerreiro，Fernāo. Jahangir and the Jesuits，with an Account of the Travels of Benedict Goes and the Mission to Pegu. Trans. C.H.Payne. London：Routledge，1930.46，and Bernier，Fran?ois. Travels in the Mogul Empire，A.D.1656-1668. 2nd ed. Oxford：Oxford University Press，1934，215。
[57] Roe，Sir Thomas. The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul，1615—1619. Ed. William Foster. Reprint Nendeln：Kraus Reprint，1967.II，339ff.，and Khān，159，298-99，322，396，412，and 504.
[58] Abū’l Fa?l，AA Abū’l Fa?l. The Akbār-ī Trans. H.Blochmann. Reprint Delhi：Atlantic Publishers，1979.I，292-93.
[59] Abūl Fa?l，AN Abū l Fa?l. Akbar Nama. Trans. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi：Atlantic Publishers，1989.II，172 and 226.
[60] Rudra Deva. ?yainika ?ātram：The Art of Hunting in Ancient India. Trans. M.M.Haraprasad Shastri. Delhi：Eastern Book Linkers，1982.83 （para.22-23），and Forbes，James. Oriental Memoirs. 1813. Reprint Delhi：Gian Publishing，1988.IV，194.
[61] 例如可参见，Poole，Austin Lane 1958 “Recreation.” In Astin Lane Poole，ed.，Medieval England. Oxford：Clarendon Press，vol. 2，pp.616-21。
[62] Ye Longli. Qidan guoji. Shanghai：Guji chubanshe，1985.ch. 3，39；Waley，Arthur 1957 “Chinese-Mongol Hybrid Songs.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 20：581-82；Abūl Fa?l，AN Abū l Fa?l. Akbar Nama. Trans. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi：Atlantic Publishers，1989.II，516；HI Elliot，H.M.E. and John Dawson，trans. The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians：The Muhammadan Period，1867. Reprint New York：AMS Press，1966.V，277；Rudra Deva. ?yainika ?ātram：The Art of Hunting in Ancient India. Trans. M.M.Haraprasad Shastri. Delhi：Eastern Book Linkers，1982.85 （para. 33-35）；and Lang，David Marshall 1957 The Last Years of the Georgian Monarchy，1658-1832. New York：Columbia University Press.54.
[63] JTS Jiu Tangshu. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1975.ch. 64，2420.
[64] Anson，John S. 1970 “The Hunt of Love：Gottfried von Strassburg’s Tristan as Tragedy.” Speculum 42：594-607. 在一些印欧语系的语言中，表示“狩猎”的词语同表示“欲望”和“爱”的词有着紧密的联系。请参见Bailey，Harold W. 1985 Khotanese Texts. Vol. 7. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press.99。
[65] Plutarch，Mor. Plutarch. Moralia. Trans Harold Cherniss and William C.Helmbold. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1927.319 and 321.例如，可参见 al-?abarī. The History of al-?abarī. Trans，various hands. Albany：State University of New York Press，1985-99.XXXVIII，156；Nīshāpūrī，?ahir al-Dīn. The History of the Seljuq Turks from the al-Tawārīkh：An Ilkhanid Adaptation of the Saljūqnāma of ?ahir al-Dīn Nīshāpūrī. Trans. Kenneth Allin Luther，ed. C.Edmund Bosworth. Richmond，Surrey：Curzon，2001.105；du Jarric，Pierre，S.J. Akbar and the Jesuits：An Account of the Jesuit Mission to the Court of Akbar. Trans. C.H.Payne. London：Routledge，1926.57；and Bernier，Fran?ois. Travels in the Mogul Empire，A.D.1656-1668. 2nd ed. Oxford：Oxford University Press，1934，218。
[66] Ni?ām al-Mulk. The Book of Government or Rules for Kings. Trans. Hubert Darke. London：Routledge and Kegan Paul，1960，251.
[67] Frederick Ⅱ of Hohenstaufen. The Art of Falconry，Being the De Arte Venandi cum Avibus. Trans. Casey A.Wood and F.Marjorie Fyfe. Stanford，Calif.：Stanford University Press，1961.4.
[68] Rust’haveli，Shot’ha. The Man in the Panther’s Skin. Trans. Marjory Scott Wardrop. London：Luzac，1966.49.
[69] Forbes，James. Oriental Memoirs. 1813. Reprint Delhi：Gian Publishing，1988.II，27，and ?asan-i Fasā’ī ?asan-e Fasā’ī. History of Persia Under Qājār Rule. Trans. Heribert Busse. New York：Columbia University Press，1972.155 and 419.
[70] Khān，305 and 306，and Roe，I，138，and II，437-38.
[71] Munshī，Iskander. History of Shah . Trans. Roger Savory. Boulder，Colo.：Westview Press，1978.II，667，957，1057，and 1059.
[72] Rust’haveli，Shot’ha. The Man in the Panther’s Skin. Trans. Marjory Scott Wardrop. London：Luzac，1966.112.
[73] SOS O’Kane，John，trans. The Ship of Sulaiman. New York：Columbia University Press，1972.65，74，77，78-79，and 84.
[74] Marco Polo. The Description of the World. Trans. A.C.Moule and Paul Pelliot. London：Routledge，1938. Vol. Ⅰ.231-33.
[75] ，19，阿拉伯语文本 and 44-45，德语译本。
[76] Andrews，Peter Alford 1999 Felt Tents and Pavilions：The Nomadic Tradition and Its Interaction with Princely Tentage. II vols. London：Melisende.，1250 and illus. 255.
[77] Forbes，James. Oriental Memoirs. 1813. Reprint Delhi：Gian Publishing，1988.II，488-89.
[78] Abū’l Fa?l，AA Abū’l Fa?l. The Akbār-ī Trans. H.Blochmann. Reprint Delhi：Atlantic Publishers，1979.I，47-49，and Andrews，Peter Alford 1999 Felt Tents and Pavilions：The Nomadic Tradition and Its Interaction with Princely Tentage. II vols. London：Melisende.，“Plan of the Ordu，”后为884 and 1277-80。
[79] Broecke van den Broecke，Pieter. A Contemporary Dutch Chronicle of Mughal India. Trans. and ed. Brij Narain and Sri Ram Sharma. Calcutta：Susil Gupta，1957.154，and Yule，Sir Henry and A. C. Burnell 1903 Hobson-Jobson：A Glossary of Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases. London：John Murray.154，500-501，and 821.
[80] Artsruni，Thomas. History of the House of the . Trans. Robert W.Thomson. Detroit：Wayne State University Press，1985.316.
[81] “伽坚茶寒殿”即《元史·太宗本纪》中九年丁酉春的“揭揭察哈”之译。
[82] YS Yuanshih. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1978.ch. 2，35，36，and 37；ch. 3，46；and ch. 58，1382-83.
[83] Juvaynī/Q Juvayn?，. Ta’rīkh-i Jahāngushā. Ed. Mirzā Mu?ammad Qazvīnī. E.J.W. Gibb Memorial Series 26. London：Luzac，1912-37.I，193；Juvaynī/B Juvaynī，. The History of the World Conqueror. Trans. John A.Boyle. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1958.I，237；Rashīd/A Rashīd al-Dīn. al-tavārīkh. Ed. A.A.Alizade et al. Moscow：Nauka. Vols.II/1，144；and Rashīd/B Rashid al-Dīn. The Successors of Genghis Khan. Trans. John A.Boyle. New York：Columbia University Press.63.有关伊利汗使用的带有水景的狩猎别墅，请参见Naumann，Rudolf and Elisabeth Naumann 1976 Takht-i Suleiman：Ausgrabung des Deutschen Arch?ologischen Instituts in Iran. Ausstellungskataloge der pr?historischen Staatssammlung 3. Munich：Pr?historische Staatssammlung，1976.34-43。
[84] Jourdain，John. The Journal of John Jourdain，1608-1617，Describing his Experiences in Arabia，India and the Malay Archipelago. Ed William Foster. Reprint Nendeln：Kraus Reprint，1967.169，and Roe，Sir Thomas. The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul，1615—1619. Ed. William Foster. Reprint Nendeln：Kraus Reprint，1967.I，159，240，and 250.
[85] Weidner-Weiden，Heidi 1997 “Hunting Lodges-Their Splendor and Glory.” In Blüchel 1997，1：246-77.
[86] Munshī，Iskander. History of Shah . Trans. Roger Savory. Boulder，Colo.：Westview Press，1978.II，724，732，and 1179.
[87] CATCL Mair，Victor H.，ed. The Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature. New York：Columbia University Press，1994.422；Ni?āmī，Ganjavi. The Haft Paykar：A Medieval Persian Romance. Trans. Julie Scott Meisami. Oxford：Oxford University Press，1995.II，16.9-10 and 18；and Kashgharī Ma?mūd al Ka?γarī. Compendium of the Turkic Dialects（Dīwān Luγāt al-Turk）. Trans. Robert Dankoff. Sources of Oriental Languages and Literature 7. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Printing Office，1982.I，226.
[88] Shepard，Dorothy G. 1979 “Banquet and Hunt in Medieval Islamic Iconography.” In Ursula E. McCracken，Lillian M. C. Randall，and Richard H. Randall，Jr.，eds.，Gatherings in Honor of Dorothy E. Minor. Baltimore：Walters Art Gallery，pp.79-92.
[89] Henning 1939-42，951；TS，278；Rashīd/K，II，736；Rudra Deva，132-33 （para.5-10）；Hedin 1933，168-73；and Melnikova 2002，65.
[90] Ni?ām al-Mulk. The Book of Government or Rules for Kings. Trans. Hubert Darke. London：Routledge and Kegan Paul，1960，27 and 96.
[91] HI Elliot，H.M.E. and John Dawson，trans. The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians：The Muhammadan Period，1867. Reprint New York：AMS Press，1966.II，76-77，and III，317.
[92] 更多例子可参见 al-?abarī. The History of al-?abarī. Trans，various hands. Albany：State University of New York Press，1985-99.XXVI，126-27，and Nīshāpūrī，?ahir al-Dīn. The History of the Seljuq Turks from the al-Tawārīkh：An Ilkhanid Adaptation of the Saljūqnāma of ?ahir al-Dīn Nīshāpūrī. Trans. Kenneth Allin Luther，ed. C.Edmund Bosworth. Richmond，Surrey：Curzon，2001.121。
[93] Mencius. Trans. W.A.C. H. Dobson. Toronto：University of Toronto Press，1963.5.7.
[94] CRP Watson，Burton，trans. Chinese Rhyme-Prose：Poems in the Fu Form from the Han and Six Dynasties Period. New York：Columbia University Press，1971.47-48；Mei Chang，68-71；WX，I，139，141，and 143，and II，105-13.
[95] Vis. Wardrop，Oliver，trans. Visramiani：The Story of the Loves of Vis and Ramin. London：Royal Asiatic Society，1966.57，68，105，and 129.相关评论请参见，204，and Bagrationi，Vakhushti. Istoriia tsartvo gruzinskogo. Trans. N. T.Nakashidze. Tbilisi：Izdatel’stvo “Metsniereba，”1976.90 and 129。
[96] ，VIII，16-17，and Jameson，E.W. 1962 The Hawking of Japan：The History and Development of Japanese Falconry. Davis，Calif.：Privately printed.6.
[97] Qāshānī，Abū al-Qasīm. Ta’rīkh-i ?ljaytū. Ed. M.Hambly，Tehran：B.T.N.K.，1969.53，142，and 151.
[98] Usāmah Ibn Munqidh. An Arab-Syrian Gentleman and Warrior in the Period of the Crusades：Memoirs of Usāmah Ibn Munqidh. Trans. Philip K.Hitti. Princeton University Press，1987.222.
[99] Mencius. Trans. W.A.C. H. Dobson. Toronto：University of Toronto Press，1963.5.7.
[100] HS Ban Gu. Hanshu. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1990.ch. 87b，3558.
[101] CRP Watson，Burton，trans. Chinese Rhyme-Prose：Poems in the Fu Form from the Han and Six Dynasties Period. New York：Columbia University Press，1971.34.
[102] Ripa，Matteo. Memoirs of Father Ripa During Thirteen Years Residence at the Court of Peking. Reprint New York：AMS，1979.86-89，and Jahāngīr. Tūzuk-i Jahāngīrī or Memoirs of Jahāngīr. Trans. Alexander Rogers，ed. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi：Munshiram Mansharlal，1978.II，4-5 and 115.
[103] Lacroix，Paul 1963 France in the Middle Ages：Customs，Classes，Conditions. New York：Frederich Unger.190；S?lzle 1997，132-43；Cummins，John 1988 The Hound and the Hawk：The Art of Medieval Hunting. New York：St. Martin’s Press.45-46，58，and 66；and Almond，Richard 2003 Medieval Hunting. Phoenix Mill：Sutton Publishing.143-66.
[104] BDK Sümer，Faruk，Ahmet E.Uysal，and Warren S.Walker，trans. The Book of Dede Korkut：A Turkish Epic. Austin：University of Texas Press，1972.45 and 148.
[105] 该词出现在《蒙古秘史》中，一般写作“sirolqa”，现代蒙古语中又作“sorolga”，“失罗勒合”是其汉语音译，多释作“烧肉”或“索肉”，是蒙古狩猎文化的专有名称。
[106] SH de Rachewiltz，Igor，trans. The Secret History of the Mongols：A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century. Leiden：E.J.Brill，2004.I，3；SH/I de Rachewiltz，Igor，ed. Index to the Secret History of the Mongols. Indiana University Uralic and Altaic Series 121. Bloomington：Indiana University，1972.14-15；Pelliot，Paul 1944 “?irolγa-siralγa.” T’oung-pao 37：102-13；Eberhard，Wolfram 1948 “Remarks on Siralγa.”Oriens 1：220-21；and Mostaert，Antoine 1949 “A propos du mot ?irolγa de l’histoire secrète des Mongols.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 12：470-76.
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