饭饭TXT > 军事历史 > 《欧亚皇家狩猎史(出版书)》作者:[美]托马斯·爱尔森/译者:马特【完结】 > 欧亚皇家狩猎史.txt

第十三章 结语.12

作者:美-托马斯·爱尔森/译者:马特 当前章节:14663 字 更新时间:2026-6-14 02:40

Wilson,Peter J.

1988 The Domestication of the Human Species. New Haven,Conn.:Yale University Press.

Winter,Irene J.

1981 “Royal Rhetoric and Development of Historical Narrative in Neo Assyrian Reliefs.” Studies in Visual Communications 7:2-38.

Winters,Robert K.

1974 The Forest and Man. New York:Vantage Press.

Wittfogel,Karl A.

1940 “Meteorological Records from the Divination Inscriptions of Shang.” Geographical Review 30:110-33.

Wittfogel,Karl A. and Feng Chia-sheng

1949 History of Chinese Society,Liao(907-1125). Philadelphia:American Philosophical Society.

Witzel,Michael

1999 “Early Sources for South Asian Substrate Languages.” Mother Tongue(October):1-61.

Wolters,O. W.

1958 “Tāmbralinga.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 21:587-607.

Woodburn,James

1979 “Minimal Politics:The Political Organization of the Hadza of North Tanzania.” In William A. Shack and Percy S. Cohen,eds.,Politics in Leadership:A Comparative Perspective. Oxford:Clarendon Press,pp. 244-64.

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1979 “The Sui Dynasty.” In Denis Twitchett,ed.,The Cambridge History of China,vol. 7,pt. 1,Sui and T’ang China. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,pp. 48-149.

Yarshater,Ehsan

1983a “Iranian National History.” In Yarshater 1983b,pp. 343-477.

Yarshater,Ehsan,ed.

1983b The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 3,The Seleucid,Parthian and Sasanian Periods. 2 vols. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

Yule,Sir Henry and A. C. Burnell

1903 Hobson-Jobson:A Glossary of Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases. London:John Murray.

Zeuner,Frederick E.

1963 A History of Domesticated Animals. New York:Harper and Row.

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1978 Russian Minstrels:A History of the Skomorokhi. Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press.

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2001 “Tangdai de baolie.” Tang yanjiu 7:177-204.

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1990 The Natural History of China. New York:McGraw-Hill.

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1983 Ekonomicheskie sviazi Srednei Azii s Sibir’iu v. ⅩⅥ-ⅩⅣ. Tashkent:Fan.

Zimansky,Paul E.

1985 Ecology and Empire:The Structure of the Urartian State. Chicago:Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.

Zimmer,Heinrich

1963 Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization. New York:Pantheon.

Ziolkowski,Jan M.

1993 Talking Animals:Medieval Latin Beast Poetry,750-1150. Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press.

Zorzi,Elvira Garbero

1986 “Court Spectacle.” In Sergio Betelli,ed.,Italian Renaissance Courts. London:Sidgwick and Jackson,pp. 128-87.

索引

aba,26,216

caliphate,14,60,75,93,120

Abū ,94,148

Abū’l Fa?l,31,97,141,193,273

Ab?’l Fidā,198,200,248

Accipiter gentiles. See goshawk

Achaemenids,5,10,23,35,37,58,163,187,234

Acinonyx jubatus. See cheetahs

Adamson,Joy,78

“advanced camp,” 187

Aelian,39,58,75,146,153

Aesop,141

Aguda,91

afforestation,102-3

Afghanistan,18,31

Agra,153,155

agriculture,as biological simplification,183

Akbarī,193

Ajmīr,125,140,195

Akbar,18,31,71,88,93,97,140,146,193,232;qualms about killing animals,108;use of firearms,22

Akbarnāmah,193

Akhenaten,36

Alātāgh,220

Albertus Magnus,166,257,260

Aleppo,17,56

Alexander the Great,16,56,126,143

Akbar Khi?ā’ī,236,240,258-59

Allahabed,220

ambassu,36

amīr-i shikār,83,89-90

Ammanianus Marcellenus,139,221

Amu Darya,28,151,216,255

Amur,247

Andreski,Stanislav,213

Andrews,Peter,158

animal competitions,staged at courts,254-55

animal hospitals,in India,108

animal powers,human appropriation of,144-45

animal trainers,traffic in,260-64

animals:as augeries,109,142-43;exotic,attraction of,234-35;as guardians,149;as heavenly messengers,142,160-61;human communications with,149;as humanized enemies,182;individual combat with,132-33;as instruments of justice,143,156-57;as models of human behavior,141-42,157;role in human cultural history,10;as sources of medicine,143-44;spiritual force of,141-44;as threats to humans,164-68;as threats to social order,181-82;traffic in,7,233-38;wild,human control over,147-48,150-51

Aq Qoyunlu,92,158

aquatic birds,19

Aquila fulva. See eagles

Arakan,146,168,178

archery,princely feats of,133-34

Archil,129

Ardashir,125

Armenia,Armenians,85,90,103,123,170,188,200,223-24

Artaxerxes Ⅱ,34-35,44,199

Artha?āstra,39

Artsruni,Thomas,90

Ashurbanipal,58,138

Ashurnasirpal Ⅱ,5,49-134-35

A?oka,107

ass,wild. See onager

assassination,political,206-8

Assyria,hunting in,100,137,275

Avars,224

Awrangzīb,17,20,88,152,158,172,187

Azerbaījan,86,90,140,154

Ba,219

Bābur,70,121,211,217

Bahrām Ⅰ,209

Bahrām Ⅱ,138

Bahrām Gor,96,98,111,125,130,131,133-34,137,180,225-26,230,243

Baikov,Feodor,45

Balkh,94

bandicoots,164

Bandicota benegalensis. See bandicoots

bar-te-task,34

barsch?,83

barsuchin,83

battue. See ring hunt

Baybars,27,169

bāzyār,83

beaters,27,31-32,43,84,172

Beijing,17,18,44,98

Bell,John,45

Benjamin of Tudela,38

Bernier,Fran?ois,69,86,88,133,172,214

beserkers,144-45

birds of prey. See raptors

Blake,Stephen,192-93

boars,23,86,97,132;as threat to humans,165-66

Boccaccio,89

bonding,among hunters,199-201

Book of Dede Korkut,63

borzoi,239,241

Bos primigenius primigenius. See ox,wild

bow and arrow,21

Bowlus,Charles,115

Braudel,Fernand,166;concept of la longue durée,11,117-18,273-74,276-77 Brìant,Pierre,49-50

Bubalus bubalus L. See water buffalo

Buddhism,106-8,148

Buffon,Georges,118

Bukhara,94,123,255

buralozhik,84

bürküt,161

Byzantium,40,132,150,187,208,233,243

Callicrateia,17

Cambyses,35

Campany,Robert,147

Canary Islands,241

Canis aureus. See jackals

Canis familiaris. See dogs

caracals:in China,255,258;deployment in field,82

Caras,Roger,52

Carolingians,20,192,201,240,253

Carpini,John of Plano,4,216

Carré,Abbé,168

Cassin,Elena,162

Catherine Ⅱ,130,198,270

Ceylon,71,152,252

Chandragupta,149

Chardin,John,56,65,79

chariots,chariotry,23-25

charisma,as kingly attribute,161-63,179,202

Charlemagne,20,40-41,128,224,226,253

Charles the Pious,128

cheetahs,157;behavior,77-78;bonding with humans,78-79;breeding problems,113,260;capture,76,113;care of,76-77;in China,255-56,272-73;in Europe,256-58;decline of 112-13;deployment in field,79-82;evolution of,73;handlers,83-84,94,255;as hunting partners,74-75;hunting techniques of,78-79;physical characteristics,73-74,255;range,112;speed,74;terms for,75-76,254-55;traffic in,113-14,254-55,272-73;training,76.

Chengdi,28

China,hunting in 5-6

Chinggis Qan,27,69,119,124,128,189,205,209-10,215,228-29

Chingwen jian,215-16

chītabān,83

Chola,156

Christian,David,251,273-74

circus,Roman,154

Clavijo,Ruy Gonzalez,51

Clutton-Brock,Juliet,54,110

Collins,Randall,219

connoisseurship,270-71

conservation:as elite control of resources,114-15;influence of ideology on,115-17

Constantine Porphyrogenitus,119

core area,definition of,11,14-15

cormorants,271

cranes,86,94,99,101

creance,62,63

crocodiles,167

Ctesias,58

cultural diffusion,8,233;theories of,267-69

cultural focus,concept of,269-71

Cummins,John,202-3

Cynegeticus,54

Cyrus,the Great,23,35,127,198

Dama mesopotamica Brooke. See fallow deer,Persian

dance:communal,276;war,219. See also military drill

Darius,23,216

Deccan,93,228

decline of royal hunt,11,276-77

decoys,19,22,271-72

Delhi sultanate,39,72,90,101,105,190,195,207,225,229

Diamond,Jared,117

Dio Chrysostom,35,127,131

Diodorus of Sicily,55,199

diplomatic signals,223-24,226

Dniepr,176

dogs:bonding with humans,54;breeds of China,57. of Europe,56,240,of India,56-57,240;care of,56;domestication of,54;traffic in,238-42;trained to hunt with raptors,65-66

domestication,definition of,2,52,113

domination of Nature,275-76

Dos Santos,15

dragons,180-81

,177

Duby,Georges,5,269

eagles,58,61,63-65,160-61

Egypt,58,160;hunting in,137,214

Einhard,40

elephants,87;as animals of state,145-46,151-53;breeding behavior,72;capture,70-71;as guardians,153-54;as hunting partners,72-73;as instruments of justice,156-57;maintenance of,93,253;as measure of military power,72,153;rutting,153;traffic in,252-53;training,71,73;white,145-46

Eliade,Mircea,145

Elias,Norbert,146

Elvin,Mark,114

Epic of Gilgamesh,159

Equus hemionus. See onagers

Ethiopia,15,47

“event recorders,” 135

extinction of species:role of hunters,117;role of agriculture,117-18

eyass,61

Falco cherruq. See saker falcons

Falco rusticolus. See gyrfalcons

falconry:in East Asia 58-59;equipment for,63-64;in Europe,59-60;in India,58;in Iran,60;in Mesopotamia,58;origins of,58-59;as popular sport,68-69

Falk,Nancy,181

fallow deer,Persian,86,118

Farāhābād,100-101

Fa?imids,92,139,204

feasts,123,196-97,200,218

Felis caracal Schreiber,1776. See caracals

fencing. See nets,netting

feral,definition of,52

ferrets,53

firearms,22

first kill,as rite of passage,128

Fīrūz Shāh,105

Fiskesj?,Magnus,50,185

flexibility of royal hunt,230-31,276

Forbes,James,108,170,195

forestry:in China,103-4;in core area,103;in Europe,102-3;in Japan,104

fox hunting,56,122

France,90-91,102

Francis Ⅰ,196,197

Francis of Assisi,St.,147

Frederick Ⅱ,61,67,70,194,243,244,248,262-64,270;menagerie of,204;parks of,91-101;on types of hunting,53

frogs,trained to catch birds,272

Fryer,John,122,171

fur trade,6,7

Gamble,Clive,276

game:calling of,22,86;grant of,as royal charity,198-99;sharing of,197-98;stocking of,100-101;tallies of,96-97,134-36;tracking of,22;types of,in royal hunt,15,22-23

Gardīzī,119

Gayomard,180

gazehounds,55-56,239

Georgia,Georgians,104-6,123,169,177,196,262,264

Ghazan,94,112,127,128,220

Ghaznavids,72,90,154,196,218

Ghiyāth al-Dīn,18,19,31

ghulam,90

Ghūrids,18,31

Giorgi Ⅱ,104,130

Giorgi Ⅲ,19

Girafa camelo pardus. See giraffes

giraffes,traffic in,236-37

Glacken,Clarence,104

“globalization,” chronology of,265-66

Golden Horde,249,256

Goody,Jack,173

Goring,Hermann,11

goshawk,67,242

Greece,hunting in,15

Greenland,248

Gregory of Tours,5

greyhounds,55-56;traffic in,239

Gujarat,18,193,235

gyrfalcons:capture,246-47;cultural history of,246;as diplomatic gifts,251;Mongols’preference for,244;as prohibited goods,251-52;terms for,244;traffic in,243-52;white,244-45

“gyrfalcon stations,” 247

habitat:destruction of,118;protection of,101

hackeries,80-81

Hahn,Edward,1

Hall,Basil,151

al-?alqah,26,27,217

Hamilton,Alexander,47,108,148,165,167

Han,17,20,41-42,50,95,101,109,121-22,172,199,200,214,218

Hangzhou,5

Hanna,Judith,219

?aram,106

Harper,Prudence,138-39

harpoon,22

Harris,David,2

Hārūn al-Rashīd,38,224,238,253

Hellie,Richard,220

Helms,Mary,181,235

Herbert,Thomas,29,188

Herod the Great,125,207

Herodotus,132,171,216

Hespestes nyula. See mongoose

,222

Hillel,Daniel,117

Hinduism,108

hippopotamus,169

hoods:for raptors,62,92,263-64;for cheetahs,79

horsemanship,23,127

Hrushevsky,Mykhailo,176

Hülegü,27,128

Humāyūn,10,200,205

Huns,120,189,221

hunting:commercial,6;as cover for military operation,222-23,229-30;as cultural marker,119-20;dangers of,131-32;as demonstration of kingly vigor,128-29;as demonstration of organizational abilities,8;elite attraction to,194;energy returns of,9;as ethnic marker,120;as exploration,189-91;as inspection tour,192-93;in interstate relations,223-28;as kingly virtue,124-27;as measure of courage,132-33;over indulgence in,130-31;as public service,169;recreational,7,193-94;religious constraints on,106-9;role in princely education,127-28;as royal obligation,161,171-72;as social marker,120—23;as surrogate for sex,211;as transition to war,228-32

hunting birds. See raptors

hunting etiquette,206

hunting grounds,16-19,210;valuation of,123-24

“hunting hypothesis,” 11-12

“hunting leopard.” See cheetahs

hunting lodges,195-96

“hunting lynx.” See caracals

hunting luck,as kingly attribute,162,189-91. See also charisma hunting manuals,circulation of,262-63 hunting parks:,38;in Armenia,37,in China,41-46;in Egypt,36;in Europe,39-41;in India,38-39;in Iran,37-38;in Mesopotamia,34-36;as botanical gardens,48-49;destruction of,221;terms for,34;as timber preserves,49;varied functions of,49-51. See also paradise

hunting rituals,161

hunting season,97-98

hunting skill,kingly:publicized in art,137-39;in literature,136-37;through trophies,139-40

hunting-gathering,2-3,9,119-20;plasticity of,3-4,12:techniques of,5

huntsmen:advancement of,88-91;titles of,83-84,86

Hu?ām al-Dawlah,62-63,68,82,260,271

Ibn Ba u?ah,120-21,148,167,180

Ibn Kushājim,270

Ibn Manglī,98

Iceland,248

ideology,influence on conservation,115-17

Iltutmish,3

international culture,concept of,266-67

Isaac Comnenus,98

I?fahān,122,140,188

itinerant kingship,186-87

ivory,6-7

jackals,115

jaguars,144

Jahāngīr,18,20,68,70,73,78,151,193,206,227-28;game tallies of,135-36;qualms about killing animals,108

Jainism,108

Japan,59,61,161,197,242

javelin,22

Jenkinson,Anthony,86

jerge,26-28,44,205,216

Jin,9,20,31,43,91. See also Jürchen

Jingzong,129

Jochi,89,100,199

Jones,Eric,274

Josephus,125

Jourdain,John,151,153

Jürchen,9,22. See also Jin

Kadyrbaev,Aleksandr,217

Kaempfer,Engelbert,31,122,203,262

Kai ,20,64,79,122-23,131

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