Wilson,Peter J.
1988 The Domestication of the Human Species. New Haven,Conn.:Yale University Press.
Winter,Irene J.
1981 “Royal Rhetoric and Development of Historical Narrative in Neo Assyrian Reliefs.” Studies in Visual Communications 7:2-38.
Winters,Robert K.
1974 The Forest and Man. New York:Vantage Press.
Wittfogel,Karl A.
1940 “Meteorological Records from the Divination Inscriptions of Shang.” Geographical Review 30:110-33.
Wittfogel,Karl A. and Feng Chia-sheng
1949 History of Chinese Society,Liao(907-1125). Philadelphia:American Philosophical Society.
Witzel,Michael
1999 “Early Sources for South Asian Substrate Languages.” Mother Tongue(October):1-61.
Wolters,O. W.
1958 “Tāmbralinga.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 21:587-607.
Woodburn,James
1979 “Minimal Politics:The Political Organization of the Hadza of North Tanzania.” In William A. Shack and Percy S. Cohen,eds.,Politics in Leadership:A Comparative Perspective. Oxford:Clarendon Press,pp. 244-64.
Wright,Arthur F.
1979 “The Sui Dynasty.” In Denis Twitchett,ed.,The Cambridge History of China,vol. 7,pt. 1,Sui and T’ang China. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,pp. 48-149.
Yarshater,Ehsan
1983a “Iranian National History.” In Yarshater 1983b,pp. 343-477.
Yarshater,Ehsan,ed.
1983b The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 3,The Seleucid,Parthian and Sasanian Periods. 2 vols. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Yule,Sir Henry and A. C. Burnell
1903 Hobson-Jobson:A Glossary of Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases. London:John Murray.
Zeuner,Frederick E.
1963 A History of Domesticated Animals. New York:Harper and Row.
Zguta,Russell
1978 Russian Minstrels:A History of the Skomorokhi. Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press.
Zhang,Guangda
2001 “Tangdai de baolie.” Tang yanjiu 7:177-204.
Zhao,Ji,ed.
1990 The Natural History of China. New York:McGraw-Hill.
Ziiaev,Kh Z.
1983 Ekonomicheskie sviazi Srednei Azii s Sibir’iu v. ⅩⅥ-ⅩⅣ. Tashkent:Fan.
Zimansky,Paul E.
1985 Ecology and Empire:The Structure of the Urartian State. Chicago:Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
Zimmer,Heinrich
1963 Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization. New York:Pantheon.
Ziolkowski,Jan M.
1993 Talking Animals:Medieval Latin Beast Poetry,750-1150. Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press.
Zorzi,Elvira Garbero
1986 “Court Spectacle.” In Sergio Betelli,ed.,Italian Renaissance Courts. London:Sidgwick and Jackson,pp. 128-87.
索引
aba,26,216
caliphate,14,60,75,93,120
Abū ,94,148
Abū’l Fa?l,31,97,141,193,273
Ab?’l Fidā,198,200,248
Accipiter gentiles. See goshawk
Achaemenids,5,10,23,35,37,58,163,187,234
Acinonyx jubatus. See cheetahs
Adamson,Joy,78
“advanced camp,” 187
Aelian,39,58,75,146,153
Aesop,141
Aguda,91
afforestation,102-3
Afghanistan,18,31
Agra,153,155
agriculture,as biological simplification,183
Akbarī,193
Ajmīr,125,140,195
Akbar,18,31,71,88,93,97,140,146,193,232;qualms about killing animals,108;use of firearms,22
Akbarnāmah,193
Akhenaten,36
Alātāgh,220
Albertus Magnus,166,257,260
Aleppo,17,56
Alexander the Great,16,56,126,143
Akbar Khi?ā’ī,236,240,258-59
Allahabed,220
ambassu,36
amīr-i shikār,83,89-90
Ammanianus Marcellenus,139,221
Amu Darya,28,151,216,255
Amur,247
Andreski,Stanislav,213
Andrews,Peter,158
animal competitions,staged at courts,254-55
animal hospitals,in India,108
animal powers,human appropriation of,144-45
animal trainers,traffic in,260-64
animals:as augeries,109,142-43;exotic,attraction of,234-35;as guardians,149;as heavenly messengers,142,160-61;human communications with,149;as humanized enemies,182;individual combat with,132-33;as instruments of justice,143,156-57;as models of human behavior,141-42,157;role in human cultural history,10;as sources of medicine,143-44;spiritual force of,141-44;as threats to humans,164-68;as threats to social order,181-82;traffic in,7,233-38;wild,human control over,147-48,150-51
Aq Qoyunlu,92,158
aquatic birds,19
Aquila fulva. See eagles
Arakan,146,168,178
archery,princely feats of,133-34
Archil,129
Ardashir,125
Armenia,Armenians,85,90,103,123,170,188,200,223-24
Artaxerxes Ⅱ,34-35,44,199
Artha?āstra,39
Artsruni,Thomas,90
Ashurbanipal,58,138
Ashurnasirpal Ⅱ,5,49-134-35
A?oka,107
ass,wild. See onager
assassination,political,206-8
Assyria,hunting in,100,137,275
Avars,224
Awrangzīb,17,20,88,152,158,172,187
Azerbaījan,86,90,140,154
Ba,219
Bābur,70,121,211,217
Bahrām Ⅰ,209
Bahrām Ⅱ,138
Bahrām Gor,96,98,111,125,130,131,133-34,137,180,225-26,230,243
Baikov,Feodor,45
Balkh,94
bandicoots,164
Bandicota benegalensis. See bandicoots
bar-te-task,34
barsch?,83
barsuchin,83
battue. See ring hunt
Baybars,27,169
bāzyār,83
beaters,27,31-32,43,84,172
Beijing,17,18,44,98
Bell,John,45
Benjamin of Tudela,38
Bernier,Fran?ois,69,86,88,133,172,214
beserkers,144-45
birds of prey. See raptors
Blake,Stephen,192-93
boars,23,86,97,132;as threat to humans,165-66
Boccaccio,89
bonding,among hunters,199-201
Book of Dede Korkut,63
borzoi,239,241
Bos primigenius primigenius. See ox,wild
bow and arrow,21
Bowlus,Charles,115
Braudel,Fernand,166;concept of la longue durée,11,117-18,273-74,276-77 Brìant,Pierre,49-50
Bubalus bubalus L. See water buffalo
Buddhism,106-8,148
Buffon,Georges,118
Bukhara,94,123,255
buralozhik,84
bürküt,161
Byzantium,40,132,150,187,208,233,243
Callicrateia,17
Cambyses,35
Campany,Robert,147
Canary Islands,241
Canis aureus. See jackals
Canis familiaris. See dogs
caracals:in China,255,258;deployment in field,82
Caras,Roger,52
Carolingians,20,192,201,240,253
Carpini,John of Plano,4,216
Carré,Abbé,168
Cassin,Elena,162
Catherine Ⅱ,130,198,270
Ceylon,71,152,252
Chandragupta,149
Chardin,John,56,65,79
chariots,chariotry,23-25
charisma,as kingly attribute,161-63,179,202
Charlemagne,20,40-41,128,224,226,253
Charles the Pious,128
cheetahs,157;behavior,77-78;bonding with humans,78-79;breeding problems,113,260;capture,76,113;care of,76-77;in China,255-56,272-73;in Europe,256-58;decline of 112-13;deployment in field,79-82;evolution of,73;handlers,83-84,94,255;as hunting partners,74-75;hunting techniques of,78-79;physical characteristics,73-74,255;range,112;speed,74;terms for,75-76,254-55;traffic in,113-14,254-55,272-73;training,76.
Chengdi,28
China,hunting in 5-6
Chinggis Qan,27,69,119,124,128,189,205,209-10,215,228-29
Chingwen jian,215-16
chītabān,83
Chola,156
Christian,David,251,273-74
circus,Roman,154
Clavijo,Ruy Gonzalez,51
Clutton-Brock,Juliet,54,110
Collins,Randall,219
connoisseurship,270-71
conservation:as elite control of resources,114-15;influence of ideology on,115-17
Constantine Porphyrogenitus,119
core area,definition of,11,14-15
cormorants,271
cranes,86,94,99,101
creance,62,63
crocodiles,167
Ctesias,58
cultural diffusion,8,233;theories of,267-69
cultural focus,concept of,269-71
Cummins,John,202-3
Cynegeticus,54
Cyrus,the Great,23,35,127,198
Dama mesopotamica Brooke. See fallow deer,Persian
dance:communal,276;war,219. See also military drill
Darius,23,216
Deccan,93,228
decline of royal hunt,11,276-77
decoys,19,22,271-72
Delhi sultanate,39,72,90,101,105,190,195,207,225,229
Diamond,Jared,117
Dio Chrysostom,35,127,131
Diodorus of Sicily,55,199
diplomatic signals,223-24,226
Dniepr,176
dogs:bonding with humans,54;breeds of China,57. of Europe,56,240,of India,56-57,240;care of,56;domestication of,54;traffic in,238-42;trained to hunt with raptors,65-66
domestication,definition of,2,52,113
domination of Nature,275-76
Dos Santos,15
dragons,180-81
,177
Duby,Georges,5,269
eagles,58,61,63-65,160-61
Egypt,58,160;hunting in,137,214
Einhard,40
elephants,87;as animals of state,145-46,151-53;breeding behavior,72;capture,70-71;as guardians,153-54;as hunting partners,72-73;as instruments of justice,156-57;maintenance of,93,253;as measure of military power,72,153;rutting,153;traffic in,252-53;training,71,73;white,145-46
Eliade,Mircea,145
Elias,Norbert,146
Elvin,Mark,114
Epic of Gilgamesh,159
Equus hemionus. See onagers
Ethiopia,15,47
“event recorders,” 135
extinction of species:role of hunters,117;role of agriculture,117-18
eyass,61
Falco cherruq. See saker falcons
Falco rusticolus. See gyrfalcons
falconry:in East Asia 58-59;equipment for,63-64;in Europe,59-60;in India,58;in Iran,60;in Mesopotamia,58;origins of,58-59;as popular sport,68-69
Falk,Nancy,181
fallow deer,Persian,86,118
Farāhābād,100-101
Fa?imids,92,139,204
feasts,123,196-97,200,218
Felis caracal Schreiber,1776. See caracals
fencing. See nets,netting
feral,definition of,52
ferrets,53
firearms,22
first kill,as rite of passage,128
Fīrūz Shāh,105
Fiskesj?,Magnus,50,185
flexibility of royal hunt,230-31,276
Forbes,James,108,170,195
forestry:in China,103-4;in core area,103;in Europe,102-3;in Japan,104
fox hunting,56,122
France,90-91,102
Francis Ⅰ,196,197
Francis of Assisi,St.,147
Frederick Ⅱ,61,67,70,194,243,244,248,262-64,270;menagerie of,204;parks of,91-101;on types of hunting,53
frogs,trained to catch birds,272
Fryer,John,122,171
fur trade,6,7
Gamble,Clive,276
game:calling of,22,86;grant of,as royal charity,198-99;sharing of,197-98;stocking of,100-101;tallies of,96-97,134-36;tracking of,22;types of,in royal hunt,15,22-23
Gardīzī,119
Gayomard,180
gazehounds,55-56,239
Georgia,Georgians,104-6,123,169,177,196,262,264
Ghazan,94,112,127,128,220
Ghaznavids,72,90,154,196,218
Ghiyāth al-Dīn,18,19,31
ghulam,90
Ghūrids,18,31
Giorgi Ⅱ,104,130
Giorgi Ⅲ,19
Girafa camelo pardus. See giraffes
giraffes,traffic in,236-37
Glacken,Clarence,104
“globalization,” chronology of,265-66
Golden Horde,249,256
Goody,Jack,173
Goring,Hermann,11
goshawk,67,242
Greece,hunting in,15
Greenland,248
Gregory of Tours,5
greyhounds,55-56;traffic in,239
Gujarat,18,193,235
gyrfalcons:capture,246-47;cultural history of,246;as diplomatic gifts,251;Mongols’preference for,244;as prohibited goods,251-52;terms for,244;traffic in,243-52;white,244-45
“gyrfalcon stations,” 247
habitat:destruction of,118;protection of,101
hackeries,80-81
Hahn,Edward,1
Hall,Basil,151
al-?alqah,26,27,217
Hamilton,Alexander,47,108,148,165,167
Han,17,20,41-42,50,95,101,109,121-22,172,199,200,214,218
Hangzhou,5
Hanna,Judith,219
?aram,106
Harper,Prudence,138-39
harpoon,22
Harris,David,2
Hārūn al-Rashīd,38,224,238,253
Hellie,Richard,220
Helms,Mary,181,235
Herbert,Thomas,29,188
Herod the Great,125,207
Herodotus,132,171,216
Hespestes nyula. See mongoose
,222
Hillel,Daniel,117
Hinduism,108
hippopotamus,169
hoods:for raptors,62,92,263-64;for cheetahs,79
horsemanship,23,127
Hrushevsky,Mykhailo,176
Hülegü,27,128
Humāyūn,10,200,205
Huns,120,189,221
hunting:commercial,6;as cover for military operation,222-23,229-30;as cultural marker,119-20;dangers of,131-32;as demonstration of kingly vigor,128-29;as demonstration of organizational abilities,8;elite attraction to,194;energy returns of,9;as ethnic marker,120;as exploration,189-91;as inspection tour,192-93;in interstate relations,223-28;as kingly virtue,124-27;as measure of courage,132-33;over indulgence in,130-31;as public service,169;recreational,7,193-94;religious constraints on,106-9;role in princely education,127-28;as royal obligation,161,171-72;as social marker,120—23;as surrogate for sex,211;as transition to war,228-32
hunting birds. See raptors
hunting etiquette,206
hunting grounds,16-19,210;valuation of,123-24
“hunting hypothesis,” 11-12
“hunting leopard.” See cheetahs
hunting lodges,195-96
“hunting lynx.” See caracals
hunting luck,as kingly attribute,162,189-91. See also charisma hunting manuals,circulation of,262-63 hunting parks:,38;in Armenia,37,in China,41-46;in Egypt,36;in Europe,39-41;in India,38-39;in Iran,37-38;in Mesopotamia,34-36;as botanical gardens,48-49;destruction of,221;terms for,34;as timber preserves,49;varied functions of,49-51. See also paradise
hunting rituals,161
hunting season,97-98
hunting skill,kingly:publicized in art,137-39;in literature,136-37;through trophies,139-40
hunting-gathering,2-3,9,119-20;plasticity of,3-4,12:techniques of,5
huntsmen:advancement of,88-91;titles of,83-84,86
Hu?ām al-Dawlah,62-63,68,82,260,271
Ibn Ba u?ah,120-21,148,167,180
Ibn Kushājim,270
Ibn Manglī,98
Iceland,248
ideology,influence on conservation,115-17
Iltutmish,3
international culture,concept of,266-67
Isaac Comnenus,98
I?fahān,122,140,188
itinerant kingship,186-87
ivory,6-7
jackals,115
jaguars,144
Jahāngīr,18,20,68,70,73,78,151,193,206,227-28;game tallies of,135-36;qualms about killing animals,108
Jainism,108
Japan,59,61,161,197,242
javelin,22
Jenkinson,Anthony,86
jerge,26-28,44,205,216
Jin,9,20,31,43,91. See also Jürchen
Jingzong,129
Jochi,89,100,199
Jones,Eric,274
Josephus,125
Jourdain,John,151,153
Jürchen,9,22. See also Jin
Kadyrbaev,Aleksandr,217
Kaempfer,Engelbert,31,122,203,262
Kai ,20,64,79,122-23,131