饭饭TXT > 军事历史 > 《左道:中国宗教文化中的神与魔(出版书)》作者:[美]万志英/译者:廖涵缤【完结】 > 左道:中国宗教文化中的神与魔.txt

[123] 许仲琳:《封神演义》卷二〇第九十九回《姜子牙归国封神》,第994页。.9

tanfo(purchase of divine blessings),254

Tang Bin:cooptation into Wutong cult,255;and suppression of Wutong cult,236-243,245-46,316n89;veneration of as god,242,320n138

Tang-Song transition:economic change in,130-33;in religious culture,8,12-13,15-16,133-79

Tao Hongjing,75,118,135

taotie,21-22,272nn7-8,273n15

tea séance (chayan),205-6,210,220,241,243,308n120,317n100

temples:branch (xinggong),174-78;as sacred places,154-55;urban location of,133-34,170;and vernacular religion,156. See also Buddhism;congci;Daoism;fenxiang;listings under names of individual deities

Ten Imperial Shrines,202-3

Ten Infernal Kings,courts of the,135,137-40,157,172,257

Thearch. See Celestial Thearch;Di;Five Thearchs;Huangdi

Three Offices(Sanguan),65,114

Three Teachings(Sanjiao),7-8,13

Three Worms(Sanshi),115

Thunder Magic:in Daoism,17,120,247;rituals,121-22,185,213

Tian. See Heaven. See also Celestial Thearch

Tiandi. See Celestial Thearch

Tianguang(Heavenly Light),53

Tianhou. See Mazu

tianming(Mandate of Heaven),26-27,30,274n22. See also Heaven

Tianpeng(Heaven’s Mugwort),121,162,290n77

Tianren shuo(doctrine of Heaven and Humanity),14-15,271n44

Tianshidao. See Way of Celestial Masters

Tiantai Buddhism,144-48

Tianxin(Celestial Heart)Daoist tradition,120-21,185

Tianyou(Heavenly Benefactor),121

tomb documents:53-54,62;ordinances for the dead,55-57,64-66,136,165

tomb furnishings:in Han,46-51,53-57,277n12,278n18;in Shang,24;in Tang-Song period,140. See also mingqi

tomb guardians,49,51,73,140,280n67

tombs:fear of,57,72-73;in Han,46-51,53-61;sacrifices at,47,140,155;in Shang,24,46-47,277n8;in Song,140,292n26;spirits of,55-56,118;in Tang,140,292n23;in Zhou,46-47,277nn7-8

“transformation images” (bianxiang),136,139,143,157

“transformation texts” (bianwen),143

tudi(tutelary gods):in divine hierarchy,160-69;festivals of,167-68;in Han dynasty,62-64,164-65;as household guardians,163;in Jiangnan,224-25,241-42,253-54;origins as ghosts,7,62-64,165-67;in Period of Disunion,63,164-65;ritual offerings for,313n33;in Song dynasty,164-69,173,178,259-60,300n4;subordination to sovereign gods,170,173,197;as temple guardians,185;as territorial cults,164-69,173,258-60. See also pantheon;zongguan cults

Tu?ita Heaven,67

tutelary gods. See tudi

underworld:in Buddhism,68-69,74,135-39,142-44;bureaucratic conception of,45,53-58,74,135-36,171;gods of,45,53-57,66,136-38,142,169,171;judgment of dead in,52-57,135-37,157;punishment of dead in,135-42,147,156,172,257-58. See also Celestial Thearch;death;Dongyue;Huangdi;Lord of Mount Tai;Mulian

Upper Tianzhu Monastery(Shang Tianzhusi;in Hangzhou),148,150;Guanyin statue at,51,177;as pilgrimage center,177-78

Vai?ravana,298n115

vernacular religion,12-19,134-153,220-21,255-56,261-65

violence:and apotheosis,62-65,74-75,119,128,164-66,258;and divine authority,29-32;39-40,165;in exorcism,104-11,121-25

Wang Chong,103,111-13,164-65

Wang Jie,191

Wang Ling,183

Wang Yi,284n46

Wang Yuangui

Wang Zhideng,227

Wang Zhijian,223

wangliang demons,87,104,181,280n4,287n23

wangxiang demons,87,104,281n4,282n24,287n23

Wangye(Lords of Pestilence),120

Watson,James,8,10

Way of the Celestial Masters(Tianshidao):and exorcism,71,302n24;and healing,113-15;origins and teachings of,64-66,69,74,279n45;pantheon of,64-66,118-19,153;priesthood of,65-66,70,128,303n40. See also Daoism

Weber,Max,8,20

Wei Liangchen,141

Wei Zhao,86-87,94,284n50

Weller,Robert,9-11,264

Wen,Emperor of Wei,4

Wen Qiong. See Marshal Wen

Wenchang,174,316n78. See also Zitong

Wendi,Emperor of Sui,119,121

White Lotus Assemblies(Bailianshe),147,202

White Marsh,84

White Thearch(Baidi),38

Wide World of Marvels(Guangyi ji),96-97,134-35

Wild Youths and Roving Lights(plague demons),106-8,181,287n23

wilderness regions:association with barbarism,78,80-84;demons of,78-80,87-97;geographical knowledge and conquest of,80-82,84;and physical prodigies,80,82,85-97. See also anomaly;goblins;sagekings;shanxiao;specters

Wind Lord(Fengbo),41,276n63

witchcraft,3-4,100

Wolf,Arthur,6-7,9,19

writs of grievance from the grave (zhongsong),57,66,115

Writs of the Three Sovereigns(Sanhuang wen),88-89,109

wu. See spirit mediums

Wu,Cheng’en,217

Wu Daozi,127,123,125,127,136-37,291n92,299n127

Wu,Emperor of Han,100

Wu,Emperor of Liang,195

Wu,King of Zhou,247

Wu Zeng,186

Wu Zixu,63

wubing. See five kinds of weapons

Wuchanggui(Five Fierce Demons),227-28

Wudao jiangjun(General of the Five Paths of Rebirth),106

Wudi. See Five Emperors;Five Thearchs

Wudoumi jiao,66

Wu family shrines,108,110

Wufang xiansheng(Worthy Saints of Five Directions):as epidemic god,224,226-28,242;persecution of,237,240-41,243

Wulang,186,204,210,224-25;in Hong Mai stories,2,4,180. See also Wutong

Wulu caishen(God of the Five Paths to Wealth):cult in Jiangnan,223,229,247,253;as surrogate of Wutong,245-48,255;temples(Wulutang),247. See also gods of wealth;Wutong

Wulu da jiangjun(Great Generals of the Five Paths),249

Wulu dashen(Great Spirits of the Five Paths),227-29. See also Wulu caishen

Wusheng(Five Saints):cult in Jiangnan region,198,204-5,224-26,228-29,241-42,254,312n12;as incarnation of Wuxian,198-99,307n106;as sericulture deity,226,254;temples,193,198,304n51;and Wutong cult,224,254. See also Wutong,Wuxian

Wutong(deity):ambivalent character of,17,186,212-21,223-24,262-65;apotheosis of,17,188-91,262;canonization of,189-91;cult in Suzhou,192,196,200,204-11,229-33,236-47,254-55;cult in Wuyuan,188-91,262;diffusion of cult of,191-97,204-5;domestic shrines dedicated to,191,204-6,225-26,232,243-44,253-54,263;as epidemic god,98,188-89,191,226;and eudaemonistic orientation,16,263-64;exorcism of,185-86,206-7,210;and female spirit mediums,185-86,205-6,209,232,238,240,243,263;as god of wealth,17,181,186-88,223,228-56,263-64;mother of,as cult figure(Grand Dowager),205,224-25,240-43,251,254;one-legged,181,183-84,186-87,200,210,227,315n67;and problem of evil,7,17;proscriptions against worship of,17,189-90,209,211,236-44,247,254;and sexual predation,181-82,187,206-10,219,234-40,263;in Song religious culture,2-3,180,262-63;as source of illness,98,187;sources for,18;and subordinate cults,205,242-43,247,251,254,308n117,316n89;tea séance and,205-6,210,220,241,243,308n120;temples,189-96,199,203-4,211-12,220,229-32,254-55;as type of shanxiao,79,96,183-86,198-200,209-10,213,227,257;and Xiao surname,191,224. See also Wulang,;Wulu caishen;Wusheng;Wuxian

wutong(five supernatural powers),183-84,213

Wuxian(Five Manifestations):canonization of Wutong as,190-92,197-99,263;cult in Hangzhou,192-94,196,200,204,226;cult in Taiwan,307n105;cult in Wuyuan,190-91,195-96,200,262;in Daoist hagiography,197-98,262,305n74;diffusion of cult of,192-94,195-96,200,203-4,311n157;feast day of,189,195-96,304n58,305n71,306n94,307n106;as god of wealth,244,254,317n101;Ming sponsorship of cult of,202-3;persecution of,in Qing,237,243;as state-sponsored version of Wutong cult,190-96,202,212,223-24;as regional cult in Song,174-76;temples,192-96,198,203,211-12,223,230,237,240-44,306n86. See also Huaguang;Marshal Ma;Wusheng;Wutong;Wuyuan

Wuxian(Five Transcendents),240. See also Wufang xiansheng

Wuxing. See Five Phases;Zou Yan

Wuyuan:cult of Wutong/Wuxian in,189-91,195-96,200,204,237;as official home of Wuxian cult,190-92,200,214-15,217,223;pilgrimage to,191,196,202,262,308n117;Wuxian festival in,189,195-96,306n86

Wuyue(Five Marchmounts),38,41,53,87-89

Xenocrates,16

Xia dynasty,31

Xiang Anshi,185-86

Xiang,Lord of Qin,38

Xiang Yu,63

xian immortals,33,37,48-49,58,62

xiaoyang(creature),90-91,282n24,284n46,284n49

Xia Song,4

Xiwangmu. See Queen Mother of the West

Xu Mi,4

Xu Shouxin,156

Xu Wentai,55-56

Xuanyuan. See Huangdi

Xuanzang,213,217

Xuanzong,Emperor of Tang,122-23,128

Xue Zong,106,287n25

xueshi. See blood sacrifices

Yama,68,106

Yan Shu,302n21

Yandi(Thearch),38-39,59,276n55,276n59

Yang,C.K.,7-12

Yang Xi,70

Yangshan wang(King of Mount Yang),174

yaotong(demonic power),184

ye bird,92-94

Yellow Register Rites (Huanglu zhai),72,139,142,154,296n88

Yellow Thearch. See Huangdi

yezhong youguang. See Wild Youths and Roving Lights

Yin Jishan,241,243

yin,as dark aspect of the divine,234,236,240,251

yinci(profane cults),62,158,190,200-201,236

Ying Shao,62,107-8

Yinghuo(Mars),287n34

yin-yang(female-male essences):and correlative cosmology:35,79,81;and illness,106-7,113;in medicine,101-2;as symbolic dyad,42-43,55,59,251

yinzhai. See covert loan

Yong(Qin ceremonial complex),41,43

Yongle,Emperor of Ming,202

Yu Jiao,244

Yuan Haowen,200

Yuan Mei,242

Yuan Miaozong,185

Yuanshi tianzun(Primordial Celestial Worthy),71,158-59,197,247

Yuhuang dadi. See Jade Emperor

Yulü,111,288n49

Yunjusi Monastery(Jianchang),188-89,303n40

Yunming Yanshou,184

Yunxiao wulang,186

Yuqian(Boluqian),243

Yushi(Rain Master),41

Yu the Great,59,80-82,175

Zaojun(God of the Hearth),59,289n60

Zhang Dai,228

Zhang Daoling,118

Zhang Dayou,188-89

Zhang Heng,104,106

Zhang Jue,113-14

Zhang Lu,113

Zhang Yuanbo,116-17,121

Zhang Yuchu,303n40

Zhang wang. See King Zhang,cult of

Zhao Gongming:as epidemic god,121-22,262;and exorcism,310n140;as god of wealth,247-48,251,255,262,319n121;as one of Four Grand Marshals,319n117;as plague demon 115-19,262. See also Four Grand Marshals

Zhao Yi,240

Zhaobao tianzun(Celestial Venerable Who Discovers Treasures),247

Zhaocai shizhe(Messenger Who Brings Wealth),247

Zhao Jinggong Monastery,136

Zhen Dexiu,190-91

Zheng,King of Qin. See First Emperor of Qin

Zheng Qingzhi,193

Zheng Xuan,269n8

zhenren(perfected),70-71

Zhenwu:apotheosis of,262;as demonqueller,128,213,217;feast day of,163,296n88;as household guardian,161,163-64;iconography of,157,162;imperial recognition of,159-60,202,309n130;as one of the Four Saints,121;temples,157,161,163,212

Zhenzong,Emperor of Song,159,170,191

zhiguai. See “Annals of the Strange”

Zhili(monk),146-47

Zhiyuan(monk),185,191

Zhong Kui,106,122-23,125-28,257

Zhong Shiji,116-19

zhongmin(elect),74

zhongsong(writs of grievance from the grave),57,66,115

Zhou Chu,165-66

Zhou,King of Shang,113,247

Zhou Mi,96

Zhou Que. See King Zhou Xuanling

Zhu Conglong,1

Zhu Yuanzhang(Emperor Taizu of Ming):and patronage of Wuxian cult,204-5,211-12,223-24;religious reforms of,200-202

Zhuanxu,104

Zhurong,111

Zichan,32

Zitong,122,174-76

zongguan cults:224-25,260,312n7. See also Commandant Jin;Fierce General Liu;Sire Li;tudi

Zou Yan,36-37,80-82

Zu Chongzhi,92,94

Zunshi. See Ciyun Zunshi

zuodao(“sinister way”),3-4,269n2,269n4,269n8

Zürcher,Eric,8

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