(244).SLFA, letter from Fania and Sonia Laskina to Gavril Popov, 18 May 1990; M. Laskin, ,Vospominaniia,, ms., p. 31; interviews with Fania Laskina and Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, July 2004, March 2005.
(245).T. Colton, Moscow: Governing the Socialist Metropolis（Cambridge, Mass., 1995）, pp. 214, 270ff.
(246).RGALI, f. 2772, op. 1, d. 93, l. 2; Colton, Moscow, pp. 280, 327.
(247).RGALI, f. 2772, op. 1, d. 6, l. 24; d. 87, l. 5.
(248).RGALI,, f. 2772, op. 1, d. 94, l. 55; D. Neutatz, Die Moskauer Metro: Von den ersten Planen bis zur Grossbaustelle des Stalinismus（1897–1935）, Beitrage zur Geschichte Osteuropas 33（Vienna, 2001）, pp. 173, 181–2; Colton, Moscow, p. 257; Pravda, 20 May 1935, p. 3.
(249).RGALI, f. 2772, op. 1, d. 97, ll. 17–18.
(250).RGALI, f. 2772, op. 1, d. 87, l. 87; d. 90, ll. 20–21; interview with Fania Laskina, Moscow, November 2003.
(251).E. Zaleski, Planning for Economic Growth in the Soviet Union, 1918–1932（Chapel Hill, 1971）, p. 120; N. Lampert, The Technical Intelligentsia and the Soviet State: A Study of Soviet Managers and Technicians 1928–1935（London, 1979）, p. 71; S. Fitzpatrick, Education and Social Mobility in the Soviet Union 1921–1934（Cambridge, 1979）, pp. 199–200; R. Davies, The Soviet Economy in Turmoil, 1929–30（London, 1989）, pp. 134–5.
(252).有关这些信件的抽样，可参见：Obshchestvo i vlast, 1930-e gody: povestvovanie v dokumentakh（Moscow, 1998） 和L. Siegelbaum和A. Sokolov所编的 Stalinism as a Way of Life: A Narrative in Documents（New Haven, 2000）。
(253).See L. Viola, Peasant Rebels Under Stalin: Collectivization and the Culture of Peasant Resistance（Oxford, 1996）; same author, ,Popular Resistance in the Stalinist 1930s: Soliloquy of a Devil, s Advocate, , Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, vol. 1, no. 1（Winter 2000）, pp. 45–69; J. Rossman, ,The Teikovo Cotton Workers, Strike of April 1932: Class, Gender and Identity Politics in Stalin, s Russia, , Russian Review, vol. 56, no. 1（January 1997）, pp. 44–69.
(254).Interviews with Lev Molotkov, St Petersburg,May2003; Zinaida Belikova, St Petersburg, October 2003; MUFA, A. Golovanov, ,Tetradki, , ms., p. 16.
(255).TsKhDMO, f. 1, op. 23, d. 1265, l. 43.
(256).J. Arch Getty and O. Naumov, The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932–1939（New Haven, 1999）, pp. 52–4.
(257).Ibid., p. 126.
(258).S. Fitzpatrick, The Cultural Front: Power and Culture in Revolutionary Russia（Ithaca, 1992）, pp. 160–61; same author, Education and Social Mobility, pp. 178, 246.
(259).A. Man, kov, Dnevniki tridtsatykh godov（St Petersburg, 2001）, pp. 82–3.
(260).Stalinism as a Way of Life, pp. 124–5（为求清晰，译文略有调整）.
(261).L. Trotsky, The Revolution Betrayed（New York, 1972）, pp. 136, 138.
(262).J. Gronow, Caviar with Champagne: Common Luxury and the Ideals of the Good Life in Stalin, s Russia（Oxford, 2003）, p. 36; Fitzpatrick, The Cultural Front, p. 224.
(263).RGASPI, f. 17, op. 120, d. 138, ll. 78–9.
(264).D. Hoffman, Stalinist Values: The Cultural Norms of Stalinist Modernity（Ithaca, 2003）, pp. 126, 131; N. Timasheff, The Great Retreat: The Growth and Decline of Communism in Russia（New York, 1946）, pp. 317–18. 在20世纪30年代，关于文明生活对意识形态的作用，参见：V.Volkov, ,The Concept of Kul, turnost, : Notes on the Stalinist Civilizing Process, , in S. Fitzpatrick（ed.）, Stalinism: New Directions（London, 2000）, pp. 210–30。
(265).L. Trotsky, Problems of Everyday Life: Creating the Foundations of a New Society in Revolutionary Russia（London, 1973）, p. 98.
(266).K. Gerasimova, ,Public Privacy in the Soviet Communal Apartment, , in D. Crowley and S. Reid（eds.）, Socialist Spaces: Sites of Everyday Life in the Eastern Bloc（Oxford, 2002）, p. 210; V. Buchli, An Archaeology of Socialism（Oxford, 1999）, p. 78.
(267).S. Fitzpatrick, Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: Soviet Russia in the 1930s（Oxford, 1999）, pp. 150–55; K. Clark, The Soviet Novel: History as Ritual（Chicago, 1981）, p. 115; J. Brooks, ,Revolutionary Lives: Public Identities in Pravda during the 1920s, , in S. White（ed.）, New Directions in Soviet History（Cambridge, 1992）, p. 34; Timasheff, The Great Retreat, pp. 199–200, 202; C. Kelly, Comrade Pavlik: The Rise and Fall of a Soviet Boy Hero（London, 2005）, p. 158.
(268).Interview with Marina Ivanova, St Petersburg, March 2004.
(269).I. Shikheeva-Gaister, Semeinaia khronika vremen kul, ta lichnosti: 1925–1953（Moscow, 1998）, pp. 15–17.
(270).J. Barber, ,The Worker, s Day: Time Distribution in Soviet Working-Class Families, 1923–36, 。这篇论文于1978年提交给了伯明翰大学的俄罗斯和东欧研究中心。
(271).Trotsky, The Revolution Betrayed, p. 156.
(272).MFA, L. Makhnach, ,Oskolki bylogo s vysoty nastoiashchego, , ms., pp. 2–5; interviews with Leonid Makhnach, Moscow, March, July 2004.
(273).MFA, L. Makhnach, ,Otets, , ms., pp. 2–4.
(274).MFA, Vladimir to Maria Makhnach, 29 November 1935.
(275).GFA, O. Golovnia, ,Predisloviia k pis, mam . . ., ms., pp. 3–4, 6, 12, 14, 47.
(276).GFA, O. Golovnia, ,Mezhdu kratovym i otdykhom, , ms., p. 1; ,Predisloviia k pis, mam . . ., , ms., p. 31; A. Golovnia, ,Dnevnik, ; interviews with Yevgeniia Golovnia, Moscow, March, July, October 2004.
(277).GFA, ,Predisloviia k pis, mam . . ., , ms., pp. 40–43, 58–61.
(278).Ibid., p. 51.
(279).E. Osokina, Za fasadom ,stalinskogo izobiliia, . Raspredelenie i rynok v snabzhenii naseleniia v gody industrializatsii, 1927–41（Moscow, 1998）, pp. 128, 134; Man, kov, Dnevniki tridtsatykh godov, p. 272. See also Gronow, Caviar with Champagne, pp. 126–7.
(280).A. Ledeneva, Russia, s Economy of Favours: Blat, Networking and Informal Exchange（Cambridge, 1998）; Fitzpatrick, Everyday Stalinism, p. 63.
(281).Fitzpatrick, Everyday Stalinism, p. 46.
(282).S. Kotkin, Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as a Civilization（Berkeley, 1997）, pp. 161, 171, 175–6, 477.
(283).N. Mandelstam, Hope Against Hope（London, 1989）, p. 135.
(284).See e.g. MSP, f. 3, op. 36, d. 2, ll. 3–9.
(285).MSP, f. 3, op. 44, d. 2, l. 57.
(286).接下来的部分基于对37名20世纪30年代共用公寓中居民的采访，参见采访名单。
(287).K. Gerasimova, ,Public Privacy in the Soviet Communal Apartment, , p. 208; V. Semenova, ,Ravenstvo v nishchete: simvolicheskoe znachenie ,,kommunalok,, , , in Sud, ba liudei: Rossiia xx vek. Biografii semei kak ob, ekt sotsiologicheskogo issledovaniia（Moscow, 1996）, p. 374.
(288).K. Gerasimova, ,Public Spaces in the Communal Apartment, , in G. Rittersporn, M. Rolfe and J. Behrends（eds.）, Public Spheres in Soviet-Type Societies（Sonderdruck, 2003）, p. 167; I. Utekhin, Ocherki kommunal, nogo byta（Moscow, 2001）, pp. 148–9.
(289).Interviews with Aleksei Iurasovsky, Moscow, March, June 2005.
(290).P. Messana, Kommunalka. Une histoire de l, Union soviétique à travers l, appartement communautaire（Paris, 1995）, pp. 16–17. See also R. Berg, Sukhovei. Vospominaniia genetika（Moscow, 2003）, p. 140.
(291).SSEES, Pahl-Thompson Collection, E. V. Mamlin, pp. 1–7.
(292).Interview with Minora Novikova, Moscow, May 2005.
(293).Interview with Nina Paramonova, St Petersburg, June 2005.
(294).Interview with Ninel Reifshneider, Moscow, April 2005.
(295).MSP, f. 1, op. 16, d. 2, ll. 65–6; op. 23, d. 2, l. 93; Berg, Sukhovei, p. 141; interview with Elena Baigulova, St Petersburg, May 2005; SSEES, Pahl-Thompson Collection, E. V. Mamlin, p. 4.
(296).Gerasimova, ,Public Spaces, , pp. 185–6.
(297).Interview with Nina Paramonova, St Petersburg, June 2005.
(298).V. Semystiaha, ,The Role and Place of Secret Collaborators in the Informational Activity of the GPUNKVD in the 1920s and 1930s（on the Basis of Materials of the Donbass Region）, , Cahiers du Monde Russe, vol. 42, nos. 2–4（2001）, pp. 231–44. See also P. Holquist, , ,,Information is the Alpha andOmegaofOurWork,, : Bolshevik Surveillance in its Pan-European Context, , Journal of Modern History, 69（September 1997）, pp. 415–50.
(299).Interview with Nina Paramonova, St Petersburg, June 2005; M. Baitalsky, Notebooks for the Grandchildren: Recollections of a Trotskyist Who Survived the Stalin Terror（New Jersey, 1995）, p. 144.
(300).Interview with Natalia Grigoreva, St Petersburg, May 2005.
(301).Interview with anonymous, Moscow, March 2003.
(302).Interview with Yevgeniia Moiseyenko, St Petersburg, September 2005.
(303).Interview with Minora Novikova, Moscow, May 2005; SSEES, Pahl-Thompson Collection, G. E. Mamlina, p. 6.
(304).Interview with Nina Paramonova, St Petersburg, June 2005; interview with Yevgeniia Moiseyenko, St Petersburg, September 2005; MSP, f. 3, op. 16, d. 2, ll. 71–2.
(305).Gerasimova, ,Public Privacy, , p. 224.
(306).Interviews with Inna Shikheyeva（Gaister）, Moscow, May 2005; Elizaveta Chechik, Moscow, April 2005; Minora Novikova, Moscow, May 2005; Maia Rodak, Moscow, October 2004; Tatiana Vasileva, St Petersburg, May 2005; Elena Baigulova, St Petersburg, May 2005.
(307).Interviews with Elizaveta Chechik, Moscow, April 2005; Inna Shikheyeva（Gaister）, Moscow, May 2005; Minora Novikova, Moscow, May 2005; SSEES, Pahl-Thompson Collection, E. V. Gavrilova, pp. 6–7; G. E. Mamlina, p. 12; MSP, f. 3, op. 16, d. 2, ll. 64–5.
(308).SSEES, Pahl-Thompson Collection, A. A. Dobriakova, pp. 5–8.
(309).Interview with Aleksei Iurasovsky, Moscow, March 2005. See also E. A. Skriabina, Stranitsy zhizni（Moscow, 1994）, p. 84.
(310).Interviews with Inna Shikheyeva（Gaister）, Moscow, May 2005; Elizaveta Chechik, Moscow, April 2005; Minora Novikova, Moscow, May 2005; Maia Rodak, Moscow, October 2004; Tatiana Vasileva, St Petersburg, May 2005; SSEES, Pahl-Thompson Collection, E. V. Gavrilova, p. 7; E. V. Mamlin, p. 12.
(311).Utekhin, Ocherki, pp. 94–5, 151, 153, 166; interview with Galina Markelova, St Petersburg, June 2004. See also MM, f. 12, op. 7, d. 2, ll. 12–15; TsGASP, f. 7384, op. 42, d. 343, ll. 421–4.
(312).N. Lebina, Povsednevnaia zhizn, sovetskogo goroda: normy i anomalii, 1920–1930 gody（St Petersburg, 1999）, p. 195; interview with Elizaveta Chechik, Moscow, April 2005.
(313).Interviews with Minora Novikova, Moscow, May 2005; Inna Shikheyeva（Gaister）, Moscow, May 2005.
(314).K. Mannheim, Ideology and Utopia: An Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge（London, 1991）, pp. 184, 219. See also A. Kelly, ,In the Promised Land, , New York Review of Books, vol. 48, no. 19（29 November 2001）, from which I have drawn for this paragraph.
(315).N. Patolichev, Ispytaniia na zrelost, （Moscow, 1977）, p. 170.
(316).V. Petrov, Byt derevni v sochineniiakh shkol, nikov（Moscow, 1927）; T. Egorov, Kem khotiat byt, nashi deti？ Sbornik detskikh pisem dlia ottsov（Moscow and Leningrad, 1929）; G. Petelin, Dadim slovo shkol, niku（Moscow, 1931）.
(317).MSP, f. 3, op. 47, d. 2, l. 7.
(318).R. Orlova, Vospominaniia o neproshedshem vremeni（Ann Arbor, 1983）, p. 30.
(319).Izvestiia, 14 July 1935, p. 2; A. Tertz, On Socialist Realism（New York, 1960）, p. 78; Soviet Writers, Congress, 1934: The Debate of Socialist Realism and Modernism（London, 1977）, p. 157; S. Fitzpatrick, The Cultural Front: Power and Culture in Revolutionary Russia（Ithaca, 1992）, p. 217; W. Leonhard, Child of the Revolution（London, 1957）, p. 22.
(320).N. Kaminskaya, Final Judgment: My Life as a Soviet Defence Attorney（New York, 1982）, pp. 18–21.
(321).The Correspondence of Boris Pasternak and Olga Freidenberg, 1910–1954（New York, 1982）, p. 154; N. Mandelstam, Hope Against Hope: A Memoir（London, 1989）, p. 115.
(322).L. Kopelev, No Jail for Thought（London, 1975）, pp. 11–13.
(323).Leonhard, Child of the Revolution, p. 81.
(324).D. Shearer, Social Disorder, Mass Repression and the NKVD During the 1930s, , Cahiers du Monde Russe, vol. 4,2, nos. 2–4（2001）, pp. 505–34; P. Hagenloh, Socially Harmful Elements,, and the Great Terror, , in S. Fitzpatrick（ed.）, Stalinism: New Directions（,,,London, 2000）, pp. 286–308.
(325).RGALI, f. 1604, op. 1, d. 21, l. 32; A. Avdeenko, Otluchenie, , Znamiia, no. 3（1989）, p. 11.
(326).C. Ruder, Making History for Stalin: The Story o,f the Belomor Canal（Gainesville, Fl., 1998）, p. 50; G. Smith, D. S. Mirsky: A Russian-English Life, 1890–1939（Oxford, 2000）, p. 209; Avdeenko, Otluchenie,, p. 18; Belomorsko-baltiiskii kanal imeni Stalina: istoriia stroitel, stva 1931–1934 gg.（Moscow, ,1934）.
(327).A. Starkov, Mikhail Zoshchenko: sud, ba khudozhnika（Moscow, 1990）, p. 139.
(328).S. and B. Webb, Soviet Communism: A New C, ivilization？, 2 vols.（London, 1935）, vol. 2, p. 591; Ivan Chukhin, Kanal,o -armeitsy: istoriia stroitelstva Belomorkanala v dokumentakh, tsifrakh, faktakh, fotografiiakh, svidetelstvakh ychastnikov i ochevidtsev（Petrozavodsk, 1990）, p. 37.
(329).Ruder, Making History,f o r Stalin, pp. 56–9.
(330).Avdeenko, ,Otluchenie, p. 8; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 1, d. 944, ll. 6, 14.
(331).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 10, d. 3, 39; d. 360, ll. 33, 35–6. On Simonov and Pudovkin: K. Simonov, ,O Vsevolode Illarionoviche Pudovkine, in Pudovkin v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov（Moscow, 1989）, pp. 274–81.
(332).K. Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia（Moscow, 1990）, pp. 39–41.
(333).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 10, d. 360, l. 34; Simonov, Glazami, pp. 39, 41, 45.
(334).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 1, d. 1, ll. 13–14, 60; d. 848, l. 5; op. 10, d. 360, ll. 34–5.
(335).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 10, d. 339, l. 4.
(336).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 10, d. 360, l. 36.
(337).RGALI, f. 632, op. 1, d. 1; d. 16, l,l. 5, 12.
(338).N. Tipot（Sokolova）, ,Dnevnik, private archive.
(339).RGALI, f. 632, op. 1, d. 15, ll. 23–7; d. 16, ll. 7–8; f. 1814, op. 9, d. 2606, l. 6; op. 10, d. 339, l. 11; interview with Lazar Lazarev, Moscow, November 2003.
(340).L. Lazarev, Konstantin Simonov. Ocherk zhizni i tvorchestva（Moscow, 1985）, pp. 18, 35; A. Karaganov, Konstantin Simonov vblizi i na rasstoianii（Moscow, 1987）, pp. 9, 10; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 1, d. 71.
(341).Simonov, Glazami, pp. 42–5; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 25, l. 13; d. 1010, ll. 16–19, 25.
(342).Simonov, Glazami, pp. 46–7.
(343).Ibid., pp. 48–9.
(344).Ibid., p. 47.
(345).TsGAIPD, f. 1278, op. ,1 , d. 439869, l. ,4 .
(346).SFA, I. Slavina, ,Tonenkii nerv istorii, ms., pp. 16–17, 30; interview with Ida Slavina, Cologne, September 2003.,
(347).I. Sl,a vin, Vredite, lstvo na fronte sovetskogo ugolovnogo prava（Moscow, 1931）, p. 76; SFA, I. Slavina,,Put na plakhu, ms., p. 29., , ,
(348).I. Slavin, ,K voprosu o prinuditelnykh rabotakh bez soderzhaniia pod str, azhei, Ezhenedelnik sovetskoi iustitsii, 1922, no. 36; ,Proizvodstvennye tovarishcheskie sudi i revoliutsiia, Sovets,k oe gosudarstvo i pravo, 1931, no. 7; ,Nekotorye voprosy praktiki proizvodstvenno-tovarishcheskikh sudov, Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo, 1932, nos. 5–6.
(349).SPbF ARAN, f. 229, op. 1, d. 100, ll. 44–5.
(350).TsGAIPD, f. 1816, op. 2, d. 5095, l. 66., ,
(351).SPbF ARAN, f. 229, op. 1, d. 93, ll. 4, 6; d. 100, l. 67; d. 120, ll. 7–12; d. 122, ll. 6–10; SFA, ,Put na plakhu, pp. 79–81; interviews with Ida Slavina, Cologne, June, October, 2003; TsGAIPD, f. 563, op. 1, d. 1467, l. 117.,
