(616).MFA, L. Makhnach, ,Oskolki bylogo s vysoty nastoiashchego, , ms., pp. 1–14; Vladimir to Maria Makhnach, November 1941; TsAODM, f. 3, op. 52, d. 27, l. 21.
(617).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 10, d. 339, l. 6; K. Simonov, 100 sutok voiny（Moscow, 1999）, pp. 6–17.
(618).Simonov, 100 sutok voiny, pp. 51–2; SLFA, M. Laskin, ,Vospominaniia, , ms., p. 55.
(619).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 4, d. 5, ll. 7, 58. 关于西蒙诺夫在战争年代发展了对大恐怖的思索，参见：A. Karaganov, Konstantin Simonov vblizi i na rasstoianii（Moscow, 1987）, pp. 88–9。 关于大恐怖对苏维埃武装部队的遗患，参见：E. Seniavskaia, ,Dukhovnyi oblik frontovogo pokoleniia: istorikopsikhologicheskii ocherk, , Vestnik MGU: Istoriia, 1992, no. 4, pp. 39–51; M. von Hagen, ,Soviet Soldiers and Officers on the Eve of the German Invasion: Toward a Description of Social Psychology and Political Attitudes, , in R. Thurston and B. Bonwetsch（eds.）, The People, s War: Responses to World War II in the Soviet Union（Urbana, 2000）, pp. 193ff.
(620).Simonov, 100 sutok voiny, pp, 17–21, 53, 121, 409–11.
(621).Moskva voennaia 1941–1945: memuary i arkhivnye dokumenty（Moscow, 1995）, p. 475; C. Merridale, Ivan, s War: The Red Army 1939–1945（London, 2005）, p. 84; Simonov, 100 sutok voiny, p. 50.
(622).Moskva voennaia, p. 478; R. Bidlack, ,The Political Mood in Leningrad During the First Year of the Soviet–German War, , Russian Review, vol. 59, no. 1（January 2000）, pp. 101–11; G. Bordiugov, ,The Popular Mood in the Unoccupied Soviet Union: Continuity and Change during the War, , in The People,s War, pp. 59–60; M. Gorinov, ,Muscovites, Moods, 22 June 1941 to May 1942, , in The People, s War, pp. 119–20.
(623).V. Shapovalov（ed.）, Remembering the Darkness: Women in Soviet Prisons（Lanham, Maryland, 2001）, pp. 150–51; MSP, f. 3, op. 35, d. 1, l. 1; d. 2, l. 34.
(624).R. Overy, Russia, s War（London, 1997）, p. 94.
(625).E. Maksimova, Deti voennoi pory（Moscow, 1988）, pp. 235–308; Merridale, Ivan, s War, p. 216.
(626).Interviews with Iurii Streletsky, St Petersburg, May 2003, February 2004.
(627).J. Dunstan, Soviet Schooling in the Second World War（Basingstoke, 1997）, p. 82; J. Barber and M. Harrison, The Soviet Home Front, 1941–1945: A Social and Economic History of the USSR in World War II（London, 1991）, p. 128.
(628).MSP, f. 3, op. 3, d. 2, ll. 14–15, 34–42; d. 3, l. 28.
(629).MSP, f. 3, op. 45, d. 2, ll. 9, 53, 88, 165.
(630).MSP, f. 3, op. 45, d. 2, ll. 11, 46.
(631).Moskva voennaia, pp. 478, 481.
(632).Ibid., pp. 149, 152.
(633).K. Simonov, Sobranie sochinenii, 12 vols.（Moscow, 1979–87）, vol. 1, p. 171. 我借用了Mike Munford的译文（www.simonov.co.uk）。
(634).Interview with Fania Laskina, Moscow, February 2003; interview with Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, September 2003; SLFA, Sonia Laskina, s papers; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 10, d. 339, l. 41.
(635).N. Pushnova, Valentina Serova: krug otchuzhdeniia（Moscow, 2003）, pp. 150–52, 161–5; interview with Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, November 2003; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 2788, l. 1.
(636).A. Todd and M. Hayward（eds.）, Twentieth-Century Russian Poetry（London, 1993）, pp. 623–4（translated by L. Yakovleva）.
(637).L. Lazarev, Konstantin Simonov. Ocherk zhizni i tvorchestva（Moscow, 1985）, pp. 66–7, 71, 78–9; L. Pushkarev, Po dorogam voiny: vospominaniia fol, kloristafrontovika（Moscow, 1995）, pp. 56–7; B. Pankin, Chetyre Ia Konstantina Simonova（Moscow 1999）, p. 80; Poslednie pis, ma s fronta. Sbornik, 5 vols.（Moscow, 1992）, vol. 3（1943）, p. 257.
(638).RGALI. f. 1814, op. 1, d. 765, l. 9.
(639).Pushkarev, Po dorogam voiny, pp. 31, 57–8.
(640).On this see Merridale, Ivan, s War, pp. 93, 208, 272–4.
(641).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 8, d. 93, ll. 61–2.
(642).Simonov, Sobranie sochinenii, vol. 1, pp. 129–32.
(643).Lazarev, Konstantin Simonov, pp. 38–9, 70–72; same author, Pamiat, trudnoi godiny. Velikaia otechestvennaia voina v russkoi literature（Moscow, 2000, pp. 47–9; Autobiographical Statements in Twentieth-Century Russian Literature（Princeton, 1990）, p. 13; R. Stites, ,Soviet Russian Wartime Culture: Freedom and Control, Spontaneity and Consciousness, , in The People, s War, p. 175; V. Dunham, In Stalin, s Time: Middle-Class Values in Soviet Fiction（Durham, 1990）, pp. 70–71; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 1, d. 772, l. 362.
(644).L. Lazarev, Shestoi etazh. Kniga vospominaniia（Moscow, 1999）, pp. 202–3.
(645).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1532, l. 4; d. 775, l. 1; interviews with Fania Laskina, Moscow, June and September 2003; Pushnova, Valentina Serova, pp. 181–2, 290; T. Okunevskaia, Tat, ianin den, （Moscow, 1998）, pp. 119–20.
(646).See e.g. RGALI, f. 1814, op. 1, d. 765, ll. 15, 66, 68, 77.
(647).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1530, l. 2; d. 1533, ll. 29–30.
(648).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 2768, l. 10; d. 1, l. 1; d. 1533, ll. 18–19; d. 2768, l. 15.
(649).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1, l. 3.
(650).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1533, l. 19.
(651).N. Ivanova, ,Konstantin Simonov ,,Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia,, , , Znamia, 1997, no. 7; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 10, d. 339, l. 8; interview with Aleksei Simonov, London, May 2004; interview with Marina Babak, Moscow, November 2003.
(652).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 6, d. 170, l. 17; interview with Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, September 2003; Lazarev, Shestoi etazh, p. 213.
(653).Karaganov, Konstantin Simonov, pp. 9–10; A. Simonov, Chastnaia kollektsiia（Nizhny Novgorod, 1999）, pp. 22–4; SLFA, Zhenia Laskina to Vladimir Lugovskoi, 28 August 1943; Sonia Laskina to Vladimir Lugovskoi, 21 August 1943; interview with Lazar Lazarev, Moscow, November 2003; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1812, ll. 1–2.
(654).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 10, d. 339, l. 20; K. Simonov, Segodnia i davno（Moscow, 1978）, p. 321; E. Dolmatovskii, Bylo: zapiski poeta（Moscow, 1982）, p. 58（also RGALI, f. 1814, op. 6, d. 170, l. 2）.
(655).rasnaia zvezda, 28 August 1941, p. 1; 7 November 1941, p. 4; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 1, d. 993, l. 37; K. Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia（Moscow, 1990）, p. 87.
(656).Simonov, 100 sutok voiny, pp. 550–51.
(657).Ibid., pp. 17–21.
(658).Merridale, Ivan, s War, pp. 134–8.
(659).R. McNeal, Stalin: Man and Ruler（London, 1988）, p. 241; R. Parker, Moscow Correspondent（London, 1949）, pp. 21–2.
(660).Pushkarev, Po dorogam voiny, p. 60; E. Seniavskaia, Chelovek na voine. Istorikopsikhologicheskie ocherki（Moscow, 1997）, pp. 47–8; Lazarev, Konstantin Simonov, p. 68; Karaganov, Konstantin Simonov, p. 68; Simonov, Sobranie sochinenii, vol. 1, pp. 105–7; A. Werth, Russia at War 1941–1945（London, 1964）, p. 412.韦斯弄错了该幕的最后一句台词，他引用的词句实际上出现在前面。
(661).K. Simonov, Pis, ma o voine, 1943–1979（Moscow, 1990）, p. 110.
(662).D. Samoilov, Podennye zapisi, 2 vols.（Moscow, 2002）, vol. 1, p. 140; ,Zaveshchanie zhivym（pis, ma s fronta）, , Sovetskaia Rossiia, 9 May 1991.
(663).Seniavskaia, ,Dukhovnyi oblik, , p. 49; V. Kondrat, ev, ,Ne tol, ko o svoem pokolenii. Zametki pisatelia, , Kommunist, 1997, no. 7, p. 122.
(664).S. Conze and B. Fieseler, ,Soviet Women as Comrades-in-Arms: A Blind Spot in Soviet History, , in The People, s War, p. 212.
(665).nterviews with Rebekka（Rita） Kogan, St Petersburg, June, November 2003.
(666).A. Chuyanov, Stalingradskii dnevnik, 1941–1943（Volgograd, 1968）, p. 209; Konstantin Simonov rasskazyvaet（Moscow, 1981）, p. 106.
(667).RGASPI, f. 17, op. 125, d. 190, l. 16.
(668).D. Glantz, The Siege of Leningrad, 1941–1944: 900 Days of Terror（London, 2001）, pp. 75–6.
(669).这一颇有影响力的理论，其经典表述来自：E. Shils and M. Janowitz, ,Cohesion and Disintegration in the Wehrmacht in World War II, , Public Opinion Quarterly, 1948, no. 12, pp. 280–315。
(670).E. Seniavskaia, Frontovoe pokolenie 1941–1945: istoriko-psikhologicheskoe issledovanie（Moscow, 1995）, p. 86; same author, ,Dukhovnyi oblik, , pp. 46–7; C. Merridale, Night of Stone: Death and Memory in Russia（London, 2000）, p. 279.
(671).R. Overy, Russia, s War（London, 1998）, p. 197.
(672).J. Erickson, The Road to Berlin（London, 1983）, p. 40.
(673).V. Zemskov, ,Ukaz ot 26 Iunia 1940 g.（Eshche odna kruglaia data）, , Raduga, 1990, no. 6, p. 47.
(674).MP, f. 4, op. 15, d. 2, ll. 7–9; d. 3, l. 2.
(675).MP, f. 4, op. 11, d. 2, ll. 26–8.
(676).E. Bacon, The Gulag at War: Stalin, s Forced Labour System in the Light of the Archives（London, 1994）, p. 144; L. Borodkin and S. Ertz, ,Coercion versus Motivation: Forced Labor in Norilsk, , in Paul Gregory and Valery Lazarev（eds.）, The Economics of Forced Labor: The Soviet Gulag（Stanford, 2003）, p. 78.
(677).S. Ertz, ,Building Norilsk, , in The Economics of Forced Labor, pp. 127–50; O vremeni, o Noril, ske, o sebe . . . Vospominaniia, 5 vols.（Moscow, 2001–6）, vol. 3, p. 12; Borodkin and Ertz, ,Coercion versus Motivation, , pp. 77, 86–8.
(678).MM, f. 12, op. 18, d. 2, l. 27.
(679).Interviews with Vasilina Dmitruk, Vera Pristupa, Maria Treimanis（née Fishchuk）, Norilsk, July 2004.
(680).Interview with Anna Darvina, Norilsk, July 2004.
(681).Interview with Semyon Golovko, Norilsk, July 2004.
(682).MM, f. 2, op. 5（,Khranit, vechno!, , ms.）.
(683).RGALI, f. 3084, op. 1, d. 1390, ll. 1, 13; MSP, f. 3, op. 22, d. 2, ll. 19–21, 36–7; d. 4, ll. 15–16; interviews with Natalia Babailova, Severodvinsk, March and November 2005; interview with Nina Sazhnova, Saratov, November 2004; interview with Nina Levina, Krasnoiarsk, August 2005.
(684).N. Mandelstam, Hope Abandoned（London, 1989）, p. 252; B. Pasternak, Doctor Zhivago（London, 1958）, p. 453; O. Ivinskaia, V plenu vremeni: gody c B. Pasternakom（Moscow, 1972）, p. 96.
(685).Kondrat, ev, ,Ne tol, ko o svoem pokolenii, , p. 224.
(686).M. Gefter, ,Stalin umer vchera . . ., , in Inogo ne dano（Moscow, 1988）, p. 305; VFA, A. Levidova,,Vospominaniia, , ms., p. 118.
(687).H. Smith, The Russians（London, 1976）, p. 369; V. Kondrat, ev, ,Paradoks frontovoi nostal, gii, , Literaturnaia gazeta, 9 May 1990, p. 9.
(688).Interview with Lazar Lazarev, Moscow, November 2003.
(689).P. Blake and M. Hayward（eds.）, Dissonant Voices in Soviet Literature（New York, 1962）, pp. 164–7（translated by Walter Vickery）.
(690).关于党的思想培训中心在战争中的崩溃，参见：R. Brody, Ideology and Political Mobilization: The Soviet Home Front During World War II（Pittsburgh, 1994）, pp. 24–6。
(691).Merridale, Ivan, s War, p. 141;Werth, Russia at War, p. 943; Pravda, 24 June 1944, p. 2; interview with Lazar Lazarev, Moscow, November 2003; MSP, f. 3, op. 30, d. 2, l. 23.
(692).Smith, The Russians, p. 370.
(693).MM, f. 12, op. 25, d. 2.
(694).MSP, f. 3, op. 14, d. 2, ll. 46–53, 87–90; d. 3, ll. 27–33.
(695).MP, f. 4, op. 11, d. 2, ll. 10, 34–7.
(696).V. Pirozhkova, Poteriannoe pokolenie（St Petersburg, 1998）, p. 154.
(697).TsAODM, f. 1870, op. 3, d. 1, ll. 15–17; d. 3, ll. 33–4.
(698).MM, f. 12, op. 21, d. 2, ll. 31–2.
(699).E. Zubkova, Russia After the War: Hopes, Illusions and Disappointments, 1945–1957（London, 1998）, p. 17; ,Voina, kotoruiu ne znali: iz dnevnika, prokommentirovannogo samym avtorom 45 let spustia, , Sovetskaia kul, tura, 5 May 1990, p. 4; interview with Lazar Lazarev, Moscow, November 2003.
(700).M. Prishvin, Sobranie sochinenii, 8 vols.（Moscow, 1986）, vol. 8, pp. 392, 435–6; VFA, A. Levidova,,Vospominaniia, , ms., p. 119; S. Gus, kov, Esli ostanus, zhiv（Moscow, 1989）, p. 215; interview with Lazar Lazarev, Moscow, November 2003.
(701).GARF, f. 9041, op. 2, d. 202, l. 8; RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 868, l. 56; f. 17, op. 122, d. 122, ll. 27–30; Pravda, 11 September 1989.
(702).GARF, f. 7253, op. 16, d. 79, l. 173; Merridale, Ivan, s War, pp. 292–3.
(703).Seniavskaia, ,Dukhovnyi oblik, , pp. 49–50.
(704).T. Dunmore, Soviet Politics 1945–53（London, 1984）, p. 129; Zubkova, Russia After the War, p. 94; Bordiugov, ,The Popular Mood, , pp. 66, 68.
(705).MSP, f. 3, op. 4, d. 2, ll. 41–2, 46, 57–8.
(706).MSP, f. 3, op. 16, d. 2, ll. 30–34, 74–8, 98.
(707).Simonov, Sobranie sochinenii, vol. 9. p. 639.
(708).SLFA, M. Laskin, ,Vospominaniia, , ms., p. 72.
(709).Pravda, 27 June 1945.
(710).Chelovek v istorii. Rossiia – XX vek: sbornik rabot pobeditelei（Moscow, 2002）, p. 293.
(711).See Merridale, Ivan, s War, pp. 232–4.
(712).Kondrat, ev, ,Ne tol, ko o svoem pokolenii, , pp. 112–16; same author, ,Paradoks frontovoi nostal, gii, .
(713).MSP, f. 3, op. 29, d. 2, ll. 5–6.
(714).MM, f. 1, op. 1, d. 1942; d. 1944; f. 12, op. 16, d. 2, ll. 12–15, 68–9.
(715).MM, f. 1, op. 1, d. 1944.
(716).MM, f. 1, op. 1, d. 1944; f. 12, op. 16, d. 2, ll. 27, 29, 69.
(717).MM, f. 12, op. 16, d. 2, ll. 32–3.
(718).MM, f. 12, op. 16, d. 2, ll. 34, 71–2, 85.
