(719).MP, f. 4, op. 2, d. 2, ll. 64–89.
(720).E. Zubkova, Russia After the War: Hopes, Illusions and Disappointments, 1945–1957（London, 1998）, pp. 20–21, 38; Liudskie poteri SSSR v period vtoroi mirovoi voiny: sbornik statei（St Petersburg, 2005）, p. 130.
(721).M. Heller and A. Nekrich, Utopia in Power: The History of the Soviet Union from 1917 to the Present（London, 1986）, pp. 472–3; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 10, d. 387, l. 4; d. 389, l. 10.
(722).Zubkova, Russia After the War, pp. 11, 40. A lower rate of mortality（1.5 million deaths） is given by M. Ellman, ,The 1947 Soviet Famine and the Entitlement Approach to Famines, , Cambridge Journal of Economics, 24（September 2000）, p. 615.
(723).MP, f. 4, op. 2, d. 2, ll. 13, 19–20, 24–6, 76–9.
(724).RGASPI, f. 17, op. 117, d. 530, ll. 37–8.
(725).,Iz suzhdenii sovetskikh liudei o poslevoennykh problemakh i o zhizni v SSSR, , Istoriia otechestva v dokumentakh, 1945–1993（Moscow, 1995）, p. 17.
(726).I. Ehrenburg, The War, 1941–45（London, 1964）, p. 124; R. Service, A History of Twentieth-Century Russia（London, 1997）, p. 299 （为求清晰，译文略有调整）; A. Mikoian, Tak bylo: razmyshleniia o minuvshem（Moscow, 1999）, pp. 513–14.
(727).Interview with Marianna Gordon, St Petersburg, October 2003.
(728).Interview with Valentina Aleksandrova, St Petersburg, December 2003.
(729).RGASPI, f. 17, op. 125, d. 424, ll. 58–71. 关于这些团体，参见：J. Fürst, ,Prisoners of the Self？Political Opposition Groups in Late Stalinism, , Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 54, no. 3（2002）, pp. 353–75; H. Kuromiya, , ,,Political Youth Opposition in Late Stalinism,, : Evidence and Conjecture, , Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 55, no. 4（2003）, pp. 631–8.
(730).MSP, f. 3, op. 20, d. 2, ll. 53, 59.
(731).MSP, f. 3, op. 47, d. 2, ll. 21, 31, 35, 38, 55.
(732).See N. Tumarkin, The Living and the Dead: The Rise and Fall of the Cult of World War II in Russia（New York, 1994）, p. 104; L. Lazarev, Pamiat, trudnoi godiny. Velikaia otechestvennaia voina v russkoi literature（Moscow, 2000）, pp. 61–3.
(733).Pravda, 10 February 1946; A. Applebaum, Gulag: A History of the Soviet Camps（London, 2003）, p. 415.
(734).R. Overy, Russia, s War（London, 1997）, pp. 304–7.
(735).A. Danilov and A. Pyzhikov, Rozhdenie sverkhderzhavy: SSSR v pervye poslevoennye gody（Moscow, 2001）, p. 108.
(736).GARF, f. 9401, op. 2, d. 234, ll. 148, 153; d. 199, l. 392; S. Fitzpatrick, ,Postwar Soviet Society: The ,,Return to Normalcy,, , 1945–1953, , in S. Linz（ed.）, The Impact of World War II on the Soviet Union（Totowa, 1985）, pp. 143–5.
(737).P. Gregory, ,An Introduction to the Economics of the Gulag, , in P. Gregory and V. Lazarev（eds.）, The Economics of Forced Labor: The Soviet Gulag（Stanford, 2003）, pp. 14, 16; G. Alexopoulos, ,Amnesty 1945: The Revolving Door of Stalin, s Gulag, , Slavic Review, vol. 64, no. 2（Summer 2005）, p. 274; Y. Gorlizki and O. Khlevniuk, Cold Peace: Stalin and the Soviet Ruling Circle, 1945–1953（Oxford, 2004）, pp. 130–31, 268–71.
(738).关于在诺里尔斯克获得家庭重聚的好的案例，参见Kuznetsova-Babailova 的档案，见于：MSP, f. 3, op. 22, dd. 2–5。
(739).MM, f. 12, op. 20, d. 2.
(740).MSP, f. 3, op. 8, d. 2.
(741).L. Borodkin and S. Ertz, ,Coercion versus Motivation: Forced Labor in Norilsk, , in Gregory and Lazarev（eds.）, The Economics of Forced Labor, pp. 102–3.
(742).V. Dunham, In Stalin, s Time: Middle-Class Values in Soviet Fiction（New York, 1976）.
(743).N. DeWitt, Education and Professional Employment in the USSR（Washington, 1961）, pp. 606–7, 638–9.
(744).A. Inkeles and R. Bauer, The Soviet Citizen: Daily Life in a Totalitarian Society（Cambridge, Mass. 1959）, pp. 289, 326–7.
(745).C.Milosz, The Captive Mind（London, 1953）, pp. 55, 57.
(746).Interviews with Irina Aleksandrova, St Petersburg, May, November 2003.
(747).MSP, f. 3, op. 37, d. 2, ll. 44–5.,
(748).MFA, L. Makhnach, ,Oskolki bylogo s vysoty nastoiashchego, ms., p. 76.
(749).MSP, f. 3, op. 34, d. 2, l. 4. See also MM, f. 12, op. 32, d. 2, ll. 77–8.
(750).MP, f. 4, op. 2, d. 2, ll. 32–3.
(751).MP, f. 4, op. 13, d. 2, ll. 37–8, 39, 42–3, 56.
(752).Interviews with Iurii S, treletsky, St Petersburg, May 2003, February 2004.
(753).PFA, ,Vospominaniia, ms., pp. 17, 22–4; interviews with Tatiana Elagina, Moscow, May, October 2003（name changed on the request of the informant）.
(754).MP, f. 4, op. 7, d. 2, ll. 3, 7, 11–12, 26, 28, 39–40.
(755).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 10, d. 360, l. 45; K. Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia（Moscow, 1990）, p. 82; A. Karaganov, Konstantin Simonov vblizi i na rasstoianii（Moscow 1987）, p. 103.
(756).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 10, d. 346.
(757).K. Simonov, Segodnia i davno（Moscow, 1978）, pp. 143–4; N. Pushnova, Valentina Serova（Moscow, 2003）, pp. 215–16.
(758).K. Chukovskii, Dnevnik, 1901–1969, 2 vols.（Moscow, 2003）, vol. 2, p. 210; RGALI, f. 631, op. 15, d. 1004, l. 150; Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia, p. 116.
(759).Interview with Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, November 2003; interview with Marina Babak, Moscow, November 2003.,
(760).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 10, d. 343, l. 1; N. Bianki, K. Simonov i A. Tvardovskii v ,Novom mire（Moscow, 1999）, p. 7; L. Fink, Konstantin Simonov（Moscow, 1979）, pp. 220, 235, 251, 274.
(761).L. Chukovskaia, Sochineniia v 2 tomakh（Moscow, 2000）, vol. 2, pp. 182, 186, 216. 西蒙诺夫当《文学报》主编时，被指责傲慢霸道（see RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 878, l. 55）.,
(762).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 229, ll. 16, 20; Bianki, K. Simonov i A. Tvardovskii v ,Novom Mire, p. 16; B. Pankin, Chetyre Ia Konstantina Simonova（Moscow, 1999）, pp. 19, 23, 35–5; interview with Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, November 2003; interview with Marina Babak, Moscow, November 2003.
(763).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 2590, ll. 1, 2. 关于Portugalov在科雷马劳改营的经历，参见瓦尔拉姆·沙拉莫夫对他的深情追忆，见于：RGALI, f. 2596, op. 2, d. 133, ll. 1–10。
(764).Karaganov, Konstantin Simonov, p. 136. On Smeliakov: Sluzhili dva tovarishcha: kniga o zhizni kinodramaturgov Dunskogo i Frida（Moscow, 2002）, pp. 592–5.
(765).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 1, d. 454, ll. 43, 45; d. 643, ll. 1–2; op. 9,, d . 1812, l. 4.
(766).I. Berlin, ,Meetings with Russian Writers in 1945 and 1956, in Personal Impressions（Oxford, 1982）, pp. 160–61; N. Mandelstam, Hope Abandoned（London, 1989）, p. 375.
(767).G. Carleton, The Politics of Reception: Critical Constructions of Mikhail Zoshchenko（Evanston, 1998）, pp. 231–2.,
(768).,Doklad t. Zhdanova o zhurnalakh Zvezda i Leningrad, Novyi mir, 1946, no. 9, pp. iv–xix.
(769).Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia, pp. 104–7; RGASPI, f. 17, op. 13,2 , d. 229, l. 21.
(770).Simonov, Segodnia i davno, pp. 337–8; A. Borshchagovskii, Zapiski balovnia sudby（Moscow, 1991）, p. 235.
(771).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 331, ll. 1–2; Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia, pp. 118–20, 137, 141; interview, with Lazar Lazarev, Moscow, November 2003.
(772).SLFA, ,K.M., two-part film on DVD, comments by Benedikt Sarnov in Part 1, at twenty-six minutes; interview with Lazar Lazarev, Moscow, November 2003.
(773).B. Schwarz, Music and Musical Life in Soviet Russia, 1917–1970（London, 1972）, pp. 208, 218; Gorlizki and Khlevniuk, Cold Peace, pp. 35–8; Zubkova, Russia After the War, pp. 119–23.
(774).H. Sali,s b ury, American in Russia（New York, 1955）, pp. 16–20, 38; G. Ivanova, ,Poslevoennye repressii i Gulag, in Stalin i kholodnaia,v oina（Moscow, 1998）, p., 255.
(775).J. Brent and V. Naukov, Stalins L,a st Crime: The DoctorsPlot（London, 2003）, p. 96.
(776).,Evreiskii antifashistskii komitet, Izvestiia TsK KPSS, 1989, no. 12, p. 40; Reabilitatsiia: politicheskie protsessy 30–50-kh godov（Moscow, 1991）, p. 326.
(777).Cited in A. Weiner, Making Sense of War: The Second World War and the Fate of the Bolshevik Revolution（Princeton, 2001）, p. 195.,
(778).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 2645, ll. 3–4, 9, 1,8 ; Borshchagovskii, Zapiski balovnia sudby, pp. 3, 77, 94; G. Kostyrchenko, Tainaia politika Stalina. Vlasti antisem, itizm（Moscow, 2001）, pp. 319ff.
(779).A. Gerasimov, ,Za sovetskii patriotism v iskusstve, Pravda, 10 February 1949; N. Gribachev, ,Protiv kosmopolitizma i formalizma v poezii, , Pravda, 16 February 1949; T. Khrennikov, ,Burzhuaznye kosmopolity v muzykal, noi kritike, , Kul,tura i zhizn, , 20 February 1949; ,Do kontsa razoblachit, kosmopolitov-antipatriotov, , Pravda, 26–27 February 1949; L. Bol, shakov, ,Razgromit, burzhuaznyi kosmopolitizm v kinoiskusstve, , Pravda, 3 March 1949; etc.
(780).Kostyrchenko, Tainaia politika Stalina, pp. 334–5; Borshchagovskii, Zapiski balovnia sud,by, pp. 185, 188–91; RGASPI, f. 83, op. 1, d. 5, ll. 92–5.
(781).RGASPI, f. 17, op. 132, d. 237, ll. 13–15. See also RGASPI, f. 77, op. 4, d. 73, ll. 7–11; Bianki, K. Simonov i A. Tvardovskii v ,Novom Mire, , p. 19.
(782).RGASPI, f. 17, op. 118, d. 229, l. 17.
(783).N. Tipot（Sokolova）, ,Dnevnik, , private archive. 关于索夫罗诺夫和西蒙诺夫竞相谋求法捷耶夫的官位，参见博尔切戈夫斯基的看法，见于：A. Borshchagovskii, Pustotelyi monolit（Moscow, 2002）, pp. 133–4.
(784).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 19（,Vospominaniia o kampanii po bor, be s kosmopolitizmom, , ts., 1976）; Borshchagovskii, Zapiski balovnia sud, by, p. 214.
(785).See e.g. K. Simonov, ,Zadachi sovetskoi dramaturgii i teatral, naia kritika, , Pravda, 27–8 February 1949（其有关萨特和米勒的评论，便出现于此）; same author, ,Zadachi sovetskoi dramaturgii i teatral, naia kritika, , Literaturnaia gazeta, 5 March 1949.
(786).RGASPI, f. 17, op. 132, d. 226, ll. 1–6; d. 229, l. 30; Kostyrchenko, Tainaia politika Stalina, pp. 339–40.
(787).Borshchagovskii, Zapiski balovnia sud,by, pp. 19, 35–6, 49, 187, 200, 204, 215, 223, 272, 278–9; interview with Aleksandr Borshchagovsky, Moscow, November 2003.
(788).Borschagovskii, Zapiski balovnia sud,by, pp. 266, 279; interview with Aleksandr Borshchagovsky, Moscow, November 2003; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 4, l. 4.
(789).Interview with Aleksandr Borshchagovsky, Moscow, November 2003; Borshchagovskii, Zapiski balovnia sud,by, pp. 4, 240.
(790).Ibid., pp. 261–2.
(791).See A. Kozhevnikov, ,President of Stalin, s Academy: The Mask and Responsibility of Sergei Vavilov,, Isis, vol. 87, no. 1（March 1996）, pp. 18–50; N. Tolstoi（ed.）, Brat, ia Nikolai i Sergei Vavilovy（Moscow, 1991）; M. Popovsky, The Vavilov Affair（Hamden, 1984）; S. Ivanovich Vavilov: ocherki i vospominaniia（Moscow, 1991）. 瓦维洛夫悄悄地抵制官方决定，但他的异议一直没有受到关注，这在某种程度上解释了索尔仁尼琴为何攻击他为“科学院的走狗主席”，参见索尔仁尼琴：The Gulag Archipelago 1918–1956:An Experiment in Literary Investigation, 3 vols.（London, 1974–8）, vol. 2, p. 638。
(792).RGASPI, f. 17, op. 132, d. 237, ll. 14–15; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1365, l. 1; f. 2203, op. 1, d. 333, l. 1; f. 631, op. 16, d. 90; f. 2203, op. 1, d. 333, l. 5; d. 336, l. 11; interview with Nina Arkhipova, Moscow, November 2003; Borshchagovskii, Zapiski balovnia sud, by, p. 321.
(793).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 6, dd. 70, 173; d. 170, l. 17; interview with Lazar Lazarev, Moscow, November 2003; interview with Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, July 2004.
(794).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 1, d. 500.
(795).Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia, pp. 126–8; Fink, Konstantin Simonov, p. 229.
(796).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 1, d. 563; op. 4, d. 10; op. 9, d. 5, ll. 69–70; RGASPI, f. 82, op. 2, d. 1458, l. 49; f. 558, op. 11, d. 806, l. 164; Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia, pp. 128–31.
(797).Ibid., pp. 135–7.
(798).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 809, ll. 1–6; Karaganov, Konstantin Simonov, pp. 88–9; Simonov, Segodnia i davno, pp. 609–10.
(799).K. Simonov, Sobranie sochinenii, 12 vols.（Moscow, 1979–87）, vol. 12, p. 41.
(800).Interview with Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, November 2003; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 1, d. 454, ll. 28–41.
(801).Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia, pp. 185–9.
(802).See Gosudarstvennyi antisemitizm v SSSR: ot nachala do kul, minatsii, 1938–1953（Moscow, 2005）, pp. 27–61.
(803).Borshchagovskii, Zapiski balovnia sud, by, p. 267.
(804).MSP, f. 3, op. 37, d. 2, ll. 13, 52; I. Shikheeva-Gaister, Semeinaia khronika vremen kul’ta lichnosti: 1925–1953（Moscow, 1998）, pp. 72–3, 78–9, 257.
(805).MM, f. 2, op. 5, d. 3; f. 12, op. 30, d. 2, l. 27.
(806).Interviews with Mark Epshtein, St Petersburg, June and October 2003.
(807).SLFA, various documents; interview with Fania Laskina, Moscow, June 2003; interview with Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, November 2003; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1533; RGASPI, f. 495, op. 199, d. 207（Zaidler）.
(808).A. Simonov, Chastnaia kollektsiia（Nizhny Novgorod 1999）, p. 61.
(809).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1541, l. 36; d. 1770, l. 2.
(810).Simonov, Chastnaia kollektsiia, pp. 59–61.
(811).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 2581.
(812).Kostyrchenko, Tainaia politika Stalina, pp. 619–26.
(813).Interviews with Fania Laskina, Moscow, June 2003, July 2004; interviews with Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, November 2003; SLFA, Iakov Kharon to Sonia Laskina, 8 March 1954; Yevgeniia to Sonia Laskina, 28 May 1954.
(814).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 1, d. 454, l. 32; op. 10, d. 92, l. 37; RGASPI, f. 17, op. 133, d. 390, ll. 81–4; d. 389, ll. 158–63; interview with Lazar Lazarev, Moscow, November 2003. For evidence of Simonov, s authorship of the letter of 24 March see Nash sovremennik, 1999, no. 1, p. 206.
(815).Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia, pp. 189–204.
(816).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 1, d. 802, l. 95.
(817).RGASPI, f. 17, op. 119, d. 452, ll. 4–6; Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia, pp. 220–22; Fink, Konstantin Simonov, p. 112.
(818).Brent and Naukov, Stalin, s Last Crime, pp. 9, 129, 176, 184; SLFA, M. Laskin, ,Vospominaniia, , ms., p. 86; Zubkova, Russia After the War, p. 137.
(819).S. Sebag Montefiore, Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar（London, 2003）, p. 568.
(820).Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia, pp. 223–7.
(821).Ibid., p. 229.
(822).RGALI, f, 1814, op. 4, d. 10, l. 5.
(823).SLFA, M. Laskin, ,Vospominaniia, , ms., pp. 87–8.
(824).MP, f. 4, op. 2, d. 2, ll. 13, 30.
(825).MP, f. 4, op. 23, d. 2, l. 15.
(826).Mandelstam, Hope Abandoned, p. 385.
(827).MM, f. 12, op. 9, d. 2, l. 67.
(828).MP, f. 4, op. 11, d. 2, l. 46; op. 5, d. 2, l. 12.
(829).MSP, f. 3, op. 4, d. 2, l. 31.
(830).A. Knight, Beria: Stalin, s First Lieutenant（Princeton, 1993）, p. 185; A. Lokshin, , ,,Delo vrachei,, :,,Otkliki trudiashchikhsia,, , , Vestnik evreiskogo universiteta v Moskve, 1994, no. 1, pp. 52–62.
(831).MSP, f. 3, op. 4, d. 2, ll. 43–4.
(832).Interview with Zinaida Belikova, St Petersburg, May 2003.
(833).Shikheeva-Gaister, Semeinaia khronika, p. 175.
(834).Sluzhili dva tovarishcha, p. 357; MM, f. 12, op. 30, d. 2, l. 22; O. Adamova-Sliuzberg, Put, （Moscow, 2002）, p. 201.
(835).See Applebaum, Gulag, pp. 435–53.
(836).A. Makarova, ,Noril, skoe vosstanie. Mai-avgust 1953 goda, , ms.; Applebaum, Gulag, pp. 437, 440; MM, f. 12, op. 20, d. 2, ll. 74–5, 89, 91.
