(923).W. Taubman, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era（London, 2003）, pp. 282–3.,
(924).P. Jones, ,From the Secret Speech to the Burial of Stalin: Real and Ideal Responses to De-Stalinization, in same author（ed.）, The Dilemmas of De-Stalinization: A Social and Cultural History of Reform in the Khrushchev Era（London, 2005）, p. 47.
(925).L. Alexeyeva and P. Goldberg, The Thaw Generation: Coming of Age in the Post-Stalin Era（Boston, 1990）, p. 4.
(926).MM, f. 12, op. 4, d. 2, ll. 47, 78.
(927).MSP, f. 3, op. 18, d. 2, ll. 21–2.
(928).MP, f. 4, op. 26, d. 2, ll. 12–14.
(929).MP, f. 4, op. 22, d. 2, ll. 14, 62–4.
(930).MP, f. 4, op. 2, d. 2, ll. 36–41.
(931).MSP, f. 3, op. 19, d. 2, ll. 5, 24–33.
(932).MP, f. 4, op. 19, d. 2, ll. 26–7, 41–5; d. 3, l. 1; d. 4, ll. 1–3.,
(933).I. Shikheeva-Gaister, Semeinaia khronika vremen kulta lichnosti: 1925–1953（Moscow, 1998）, pp. 266–7; MSP, f. 3, op. 37, d. 2, ll. 31–2, 76.
(934).MSP, f. 3, op. 8, d. 2, l. 25; M, P, f. 4, op. 2, d. 2, l. 23; MM, f. 12, op. 30, d. 2, ll. 36–8.
(935).V. Shalamov, ,Dry Rations, in Kolyma Tales（London, 1994）, p. 43; MSP, f. 3, op. 37, d. 2, l. 45. See also: op. 1, d. 2, ll. 33–4; op. 36, d. 2, ll. 7–9.
(936).C. Merridale, Night of Stone: Death and Memory in Russia（London, 2000）, p. 21.
(937).C. Garland（ed.）, Understanding Trauma: A Psychoanal,y tical Approach（London, 1998）, pp. 4–5; D. Laub, ,Truth and Testimony: The Process and the Struggle, in C. Caruth（ed.）, Trauma: Explorations in Memory（Baltimore, 1995）, pp. 61–75.
(938).MSP, f. 3, op. 15, d. 3, l. 1.
(939).Interview with Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, November 2003; interview with Marina Babak, Moscow, November 2003; interview with Nina Arkhipova, Moscow, November 2003.
(940).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1538; V. Pushnova, Valentina Serova（Moscow, 2003）, pp. 258–84; interview with Maria Simonova, Moscow, March 2004.
(941).Pushnova, Valentina Serova, p. 322; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 775, l. 1.
(942).Interview with Maria Simonova, Moscow, March 2004; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 775, l. 1.
(943).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1770, l. 18; interview with Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, September 2003.,
(944).SLFA, Yevgeniia Laskina to Aleksei Simonov, 28 August 1957; Mark Laskin, ,Vospominaniia, ts., p. 15; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 10. d. 342, l. 20; interview with Fania Laskina, Moscow, July 2004; A. Simonov, Chastnaia kollektsiia（Nizhny Novgorod, 1999）, pp. 42, 44–5, 148.
(945).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 2199, l. 2.
(946).SLFA, Aleksei Simonov to Yevgeniia Laskina, 19 August 1956; Aleksei Simonov to Konstantin Simonov, 24 October 1956; Konstantin to Aleksei Simonov, 31 August 1956.
(947).SLFA, Yevgeniia Laskina to Aleksei Simonov, 26 September 1956; Simonov, Chastnaia kollektsiia, p. 67; Aleksei to Konstantin Simonov, 7 February 1957.
(948).Interview with Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, November 2003; SLFA, Aleksei Simonov, Diary, 23 December 1956; Aleksei Simonov to Vladimir Dudintsev, 13 December 1956; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1770, ll. 15–17, 22.
(949).K. Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia（Moscow, 1990）, p. 12; interview with Lazar Lazarev, Moscow, November 2003; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 2, d. 127, ll. 2–3, 8.
(950).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1770, l. 12.
(951).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1770, l. 13.
(952).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 6, d. 170, l. 17.
(953).V. Kondrat, ev, ,Ne tol, ko o svoem pokolenii. Zametki pisatelia, , Kommunist, 1997, no. 7, p. 122.
(954).Interview with Marina Babak, Moscow, November 2003.
(955).K. Simonov, Sto sutok voiny（Smolensk, 1999）; same author, Raznye dni voiny: dnevnik pisatelia, 2 vols.（Moscow, 1977–8）.
(956).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 11, ll. 1–21; op. 8, d. 58, l. 98.
(957).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, dd. 2590, 681, 1857.
(958).Simonov, Chastnaia kollektsiia, pp. 147–55. 这个删减约有60页打印稿，即刻出现于地下出版物，自1969年起又进入该小说的外国版本。它完整的俄文版本于1973年在苏联第一次出版。参见R. Pevear的简介和注释，载于他翻译的布尔加科夫《大师与玛格丽特》（The Master and Margarita）（伦敦，1997年），vii–xix页。
(959).Interviews with Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, September, November 2003, February 2004.
(960).RGALI, f. 1814, op. 10, d. 376, ll. 20–21; Konstantin Simonov v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov（Moscow, 1984）, p. 291;N. Bianki, K. Simonov i A. Tvardovskii v ,Novom Mire, （Moscow, 1999）, pp. 32–3.
(961).L. Lazarev, Shestoi etazh: kniga vospominaniia（Moscow, 1999）, pp. 208, 210; interview with Lazar Lazarev, Moscow, November 2003; Simonov, Sto sutok voiny, pp. 550–54; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 5, l. 63; op. 9, d. 19（,Vospominaniia o kampanii po bor, be s kosmopolitizmom, , ts., 1976）.
(962).K. Simonov and I. Ehrenburg, V odnoi gazete: reportazhi i stati 1941–1945（Moscow, 1979）; Lazarev, Shestoi etazh, pp. 201–2.
(963).A. Solzhenitsyn, The Oak and the Calf: Sketches of Literary Life in the Soviet Union（London, 1980）, p. 299.
(964).Interview with Viktor Erofeev, Moscow, November 2003; interview with Andrei Erofeev, Moscow, April 2004; interview with Nina Arkhipova, Moscow, November 2003; D. Gillespie, ,Metropol, , , The Literary Encyclopedia, 19 November 2005.
(965).Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia, pp. 7–8.
(966).Ibid. Fragments of the memoirs were first published in the journal Znamia in 1988, no. 3, pp. 3–66; no. 4, pp. 49–121; no. 5, pp. 69–96.
(967).See e.g. A. Mikoian, Tak bylo: razmyshleniia o minuvshem（Moscow, 1999）, p. 589 （“当然，我们负有很大责任，但必须弄清当时的工作环境。我们相信，我们对很多事是茫然无知的。 在任何情况下，我们都无法作出改变。”）
(968).Lev Razgon, True Stories（London, 1997）, pp. 21–34.
(969).Interview with Ivan Korchagin, Akmolinsk, September 1988.
(970).IFA, ,Kommentarii k pis, mam, , ts., 1988; Mikhail Iusipenko to M. Zelder, 29 December 1988; Mikhail Iusipenko to Sergei Barinov, 18 August 1988; interview with Oksana Kozmina, Moscow, 1988.
(971). MM, f. 1, op. 2; f. 2, op. 5; f. 12, op. 9, dd. 2, 3.
(972).关于记忆与叙事之间的关系，参见：V. Skultans, The Testimony of Lives: Narrative and Memory in Post-Soviet Latvia（London, 1998）.
(973).Alexander Dolgun, s Story: An American in the Gulag（New York, 1975）, p. 4.
(974).I. Sherbakova, ,The Gulag in Memory, , in L. Passerini（ed.）, International Yearbook of Oral History and Life Stories, vol. 1: Memory and Totalitarianism（Oxford, 1992）, pp. 112–13（为求清晰，译文略有调整）.
(975).See e.g. MSP, f. 3, op. 42, d. 3, ll. 1–24.
(976).M. McAuley, Soviet Politics 1917–1991（Oxford, 1992）, pp. 56–7.
(977).关于古拉格回忆录成为一种文学体裁，参见：Leona Toker, Return from the Archipelago: Narratives of Gulag Survivors（Bloomington, 2000）.
(978).E. Ginzburg, Journey into the Whirlwind（London, 1968）; Within the Whirlwind（London, 1981）.
(979).C. Merridale, Ivan, s War: The Red Army 1939–1945（London, 2005）, p. 334; A. Applebaum, ,The Real PatrioticWar, , New York Review of Books, vol. 53, no. 6（6 April 2006）, pp. 16, 18.
(980).Ginzburg, Within the Whirlwind, p. 201.
(981).O vremeni, o Noril, ske, o sebe: vospominaniia, 5 vols.（Moscow, 2001–4）; A. Macqueen, ,Survivors, , Granta, 64（Winter 1998）, p. 39.
(982).Interview with Vasily Romashkin, Norilsk, July 2004.
(983).Interview with Olga Iaskina, Norilsk, July 2004. This paragraph is based on interviews with over fifty people in Norilsk during July 2004. See the List of Interviews in Sources.
(984).Moscow News, 4 March 2005.
(985).Mikhail Baitalsky, Notebooks for the Grandchildren: Recollections of a Trotskyist Who Survived the Stalin Terror（New Jersey, 1995）, pp. 97–8.
(986).MP, f. 4, op. 13, d. 2, l. 18.
(987).MP, f. 4, op. 24, d. 2, ll. 64–7.
(988).MP, f. 4, op. 22, d. 2, ll. 67–71.
(989).关于这种现象，参见：H. Krystal, Massive Psychic Trauma（New York, 1968）; D.Wardl, Memorial Candles: Children of the Holocaust, London, 1992; N. Burchardt, ,Transgenerational Transmission in the Families of Holocaust Survivors in England, , in D. Bertaux and P. Thompson（eds.）, International Yearbook of Oral History and Life Stories, vol. 2: Between Generations: Family Models, Myths and Memories（Oxford, 1993）, pp. 121–37. 心理学家玛琳娜·古丽娜（Marina Gulina），在列宁格勒围城的幸存者所带大的孩子中，进行了一项有趣的试验研究。其中的详细信息，参见：,Malen, kii prints v blokadnom Leningrade: psikhoanaliticheskoe issledovanie, , Sankt-Peterburgskii Universitet, no. 9（3698）, 5 May 2005, pp. 32–5.
(990).MSP, f. 3, op. 11, d. 1, ll. 1–2; d. 2, ll. 53–60, 74–84.
(991).MSP, f. 3, op. 37, d. 2, l. 63; interview with Vladimir Korsakov, St Petersburg, May, October 2003.
(992).Interviews with Aleksei Iurasovsky, Moscow, July 2004, October 2005.
(993).MP, f. 4, op. 24, d. 2, ll. 36–7, 44–7; MSP, f. 3, op. 16, d. 2, l. 91.
(994).MP, f. 4, op. 26, d. 2, ll. 6–8; op. 3, d. 2, l. 37.
(995).MP, f. 12, op. 4, d. 2, ll. 75–6.
(996).MP, f. 12, op. 16, d. 2, l. 23; op. 17, d. 2, l. 52.
(997).MP, f. 12, op. 17, d. 2, ll. 52–3.
(998).B. Slutskii, Sud, ba. Stikhi raznykh let（Moscow, 1990）, p. 40.
(999).See e.g. MP, f. 4, op. 5, d. 2, l. 20; op. 24, d. 2, ll. 70–73. 有些口述历史学者认为，2000年之后，在弗拉基米尔·普京的威权政府统治下，俄国人好像回到了苏维埃时期，“因社会压力而重趋沉默”，与90年代早期相比，“不太愿意提供坦率的访谈”(D. Bertaux, P. Thompson and A. Rotkirch（eds.）, On Living Through Soviet Russia（London, 2004）, pp. 8–9）。
(1000).MSP, f. 3, op. 14, d. 3, ll. 52–4.
(1001).MSP, f. 3, op. 14, d. 2, ll. 41–5, 59–64, 76, 85–9, 93, 119; d. 3, ll. 34, 39–40, 45–6. Antonia died in December 2006.
[资料来源]
档 案
公共档案
AFSBTO Archive of the Federal Security Service of Tambov Oblast, Tambov
AFSBVO Archive of the Federal Security Service of Vologda Oblast, Vologda
AMILO Archive of the Moscow Historical-Literary Society （, Vozvrashchenie, ）
ARAN Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
GAOO State Archive of Orel Oblast, Orel
GAPO State Archive of Perm Oblast, Perm
GARF State Archive of the Russian Federation, Moscow
GARK State Archive of the Komi Republic, Syktyvkar
GASO State Archive of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Yekaterinburg
GAVO State Archive of Vologda Oblast, Vologda
GMPIR State Museum of Political History of Russia, St Petersburg
GOPAPO State Socio-Political Archive of Perm Oblast, Perm
HP Harvard Project （, Project on the Soviet Social System, ）, Harvard University, USA
IISH International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam
IRL RAN Institute of Russian Literature, Russian Academy of Sciences （, Pushkin House, ）, St Petersburg
MM[1] Archive of the Memorial Society, Moscow
MP[2] Archive of the Memorial Society, Perm
MSP[3] Archive of the Memorial Society, St Petersburg
OR RNB Manuscripts Department, Russian National Library, St Petersburg
RGAE Russian State Archive of the Economy, Moscow
RGAKFD Russian State Archive of Documentary Films and Photographs, Krasnogorsk
RGALI Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, Moscow
RGASPI Russian State Archive of Social and Political History, Moscow
SPbF ARAN St Petersburg Filial of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences
SSEES School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of London
TsAFSB Central Archive of the Federal Security Service, Moscow
TsAODM Central Archive of Social Movements of Moscow
TsDNA Centre of Documents, , the People, s Archive, , Moscow
TsGAIPD Central State Archive of Historical Political Documents, Moscow
TsGASP Central State Archive of St Petersburg
TsIAM Central Historical Archive of Moscow
TsKhDMO Centre for the Preservation of Documents of Youth Organizations, Moscow
TsMAMLS Central Moscow Archive-Museum of Personal Collections
私人档案
AFA Alekseyeva Family Archive, Moscow
GFA Golovnia Family Archive, Moscow
IFA Iusipenko Family Archive, Akmolinsk, Kazakhstan
LFA Levitina Family Archive, St Petersburg
MFA Makhnach Family Archive, Moscow
MIFA Mikheladze Family Archive, Tbilisi, Georgia
MUFA Muratov Family Archive, Moscow
PFA Pavlukhina Family Archive, St Petersburg
RFA Ramensky Family Archive, Strugi Krasnye
SFA Slavin Family Archive, Cologne, Germany
SLFA Simonov-Laskin Family Archive, Moscow
VFA Vittenburg Family Archive, St Petersburg
VOFA Voitinsky Family Archive, St Petersburg
采访名单
Adasinskaia, Galina Antonovna （St Petersburg）
Akkuratnova, Maia Pavlovna （Moscow）
Aksyonova, Iraida Petrovna （Usole）
Aleksandrova, Irina Mikhailovna （St Petersburg）
Aleksandrova, Valentina Lvovna （St Petersburg）
Aliavdina, Veronika Anatolevna （St Petersburg）
Alkaeva, Raifa Izmagilovna （Krasnokamsk）
Anastaseva, Margarita Viktorovna （Moscow）
Andreyev, Oleg Grigorevich （St Petersburg）
Arapov, Aleksandr Pavlovich （St Petersburg）
Arkhipova, Nina Nikolaeva （Moscow）
Atapov, Sergei Mikhailovich （Tambov）
Avdasheva, Ninel Nikolaevna （St Petersburg）
Babaeva, Klavdiia Mikhailovna （Moscow）
Babailova, Natalia Borisovna （Severodvinsk）
Babak, Marina Mikhailovna （Moscow）
Babikova, Yevgeniia Spiridonovna （Norilsk）
Babina, Rada Lvovna （Moscow）
Babitskaia, Vlada Alekseyevna （Moscow）
Babushkina, Lydia Vasilevna （Perm）
Badaeva, Valentina Fyodorovna （Perm）
Badiaeva, Galina Ivanovna （Perm）
Baigulova, Elena Alekseyevna （Moscow）
Balandin, Grigorii Pavlovich （Perm）
Baranenko, Nadezhda Pavlovna （Perm）
Barinov, Sergei Mikhailovich （Akmolinsk）
Barkovskaia, Marianna Iosifovna （Izobilnoe, Stavropol district）
Batin, Pyotr Yefimovich （Usole）
Batishcheva, Maria Karlovna （Norilsk）
Batrakova, Nina Dmitrevna （Perm）
Bazilevskaia, Valentina Borisovna （Voronezh）
Bazilevskaia, Vladilena Borisovna （Moscow）
Bekker, Valentin Vladimirovich （St Petersburg）
Belikova, Zinaida Vasilevna （St Petersburg）
Beloborodov, Nikolai Nikolaevich （Perm）
Belousov, Arkadii Sergeyevich （Penza）
Belova, Anna Pavlovna （Krasnokamsk）
Beneta, Svetlana Anatolevna （Norilsk）
Blagoveshchensky, Andrei Borisovich （Moscow）
Bletsko, Tatiana Nikolaevna （St Petersburg）
Blium, Arlen Viktorovich （St Petersburg）
Blium, Igor Vsevolodovich （St Petersburg）
Bogdanov, Sergei Nikolaevich （St Petersburg）
Bogdanova, Natalia Borisovna （Moscow）
Bolchis, Tatiana Vasilevna （St Petersburg）
Bonner, Elena Georgievna （Boston, USA）
Borodina, Valentina Semyonovna （Norilsk）
Borozna, Mikhail Danilovich （Orel）
Borshchagovsky, Aleksandr Mikhailovich（Moscow）
Bronshtein, Svetlana Aleksandrovna （Moscow）
Bronshtein, Yekaterina Mikhailovna（St Petersburg）
Budkevich, Maria Stanislavovna （St Petersburg）
Bulat, Inessa Pavlovna （St Petersburg）
Burylovna, Zoia Pavlovna （Perm）
Bushueva, Angelina Vladimirovna （Perm）
