3 Igor de Rachewiltz译，The Secret History of the Mongols（Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2004），第214节 。↺
4 Johan Elverskog, The Jewel Translucent Sūtra: Altan Khan and the Mongols in the Sixteenth Century（Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2003），第45-64行。↺
5 Denis Twitchett与Tilemann Grimm, “The Cheng-t’ung, Ching t’ai, and T’ien-shun Regions, 1436-1464,”收录于Frederick W. Mote与Denis Twitchett所合编，The Cambridge History of China, vol. 7, The Ming Dynasty 1368-1644, Part I（Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988）, p. 319。↺
6 Morris Rossabi, “The Ming and Inner Asia,” 同上，Part II, pp. 254-255。↺
7 Hidehiro Okada（冈田英弘）,“China as a Successor State to the Mongol Empire,”收录于Reuven Amitai-Preiss与David O. Morgan所合编，The Mongol Empire and Its Legacy（Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 1999）, p. 261。↺
8 Ying-shih Yü（余英时）, Trade and Expansion in Han China（Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1967）, p. 37。↺
