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15. Sarah Parcak et al., “Satellite Evidence of Archaeological Site Looting in Egypt: 2002-2013,”Antiquity, vol. 90, no. 349 (2016): 188-205, https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy. 2016.1.
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26. Marc Raibert, “Meet Spot, the Robot Dog That Can Run, Hop, and Open Doors,”TED2017, https://www.ted.com/talks/marc_raibert_meet_spot_the_robot_dog_that_can_run_hop_and_open_doors, accessed 24 March 2018.
27. Christina Poletto, “When Roomba Met Dog Poop: Man's ‘Poopocalypse’ Goes Viral,”Today, 16 August 2016, https://www.today.com/home/when-roomba-met-dog-poop-man-s-poopocalypse-goes-viral-t101883, accessed 24 March 2018.
28. Anthony Cuthbertson, “DARPA Plans Autonomous ‘Flying Insect’ Drones with Skills to Match Birds of Prey,”International Business Times, 2 January 2015, http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/darpa-plans-autonomous-flying-insect-drones-skills-match-birds-prey-1481554, accessed 15 February 2018.
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10 挑战
1. Jean-François Champollion,Lettre à M.Dacier relative à l’alphabet des hiéroglyphes phonétiques(Paris:Firmin Didot Père et Fils,1822).
2. Stephens＆Catherwood Revisited:Maya Ruins and the Passage of Time(Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Trustees for Harvard University, 2015).
3. Hiram Bingham, “In the Wonderland of Peru——Rediscovering Machu Picchu,”National Geographic Magazine,April 1913, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/1913/04/machu-picchu-peru-inca-hiram-bingham-discovery/, accessed 20 February 2018.
4. “Helena,St.(c.255-c.230),”The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church,ed.F.L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (Oxford: Oxford University Press, published online 2009), https:// doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780192802903.001.0001.
5. Georgina Howell,Gertrude Bell:Queen of the Desert,Shaper of Nations(New York:Sarah Crichton Books, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2008).
6. Kathleen Kenyon,Digging Up Jericho(London:Ernest Benn,1957).
7. Agatha Christie,Agatha Christie:An Autobiography(New York:Berkley Books,1991).
8. Agatha Christie Mallowan,“A-sitting on a Tell,”Come,Tell Me How You Live(London:Agatha Christie Limited, A Chorian Company, 1946). Reprinted by permission of Harper Collins Publishers.
9. Daniel E.Slotnik,“Barbara Mertz,Egyptologist and Mystery Writer,Dies at 85,”New York Times, 13 August 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/14/arts/barbara-mertz-egyptologist-and-mystery-writer-dies-at-85.html, accessed 18 February 2018.
10. “Meet the Egyptian Female Archaeologist Leading Her Own Excavation at Just 27 Years Old,”Cairoscene,19 May 2017,http://www.cairoscene.com/ArtsAndCulture/Meet-the-Egyptian-Female-Archaeologist-Leading-Her-Own-Excavation-at-Just-27-Years-Old, accessed 17 February 2018.
11. See “Archaeology/In Your Hands,” https://digventures.com/, accessed 17 February 2018.
12.“Chocolate Artefact,”DigVentures, https://digventures.com/shop/chocolate-artefact/, accessed 19 May 2018.
13. See Lyminge Archaeological Project, http://www.lymingearchaeology.org/, accessed 19 February 2018.
14. François Dubé,“Breaking New Ground,”ChinAfrica,8 September 2017,http://www.chinafrica.cn/Africa/201709/t20170908_800104306.html, accessed 19 February 2018.
15. Natan Kellermann, “Epigenetic Transmission of Holocaust Trauma: Can Nightmares Be Inherited?”Israeli Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, vol. 50, no. 1 (2013): 33-39.
16. Amy Boddy et al., “Fetal Microchimerism and Maternal Health: A Review and Evolutionary Analysis of Cooperation and Conflict Beyond the Womb,”BioEssays, vol. 37, no. 10 (2015): 1106-18, https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.201500059.
17. Alan Rogers et al.,“Early History of Neanderthals and Denisovans,”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 114, no. 37 (2017): 9859-63, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706426114.
18. Ann Gibbons, “Signs of Symbolic Behavior Emerged at the Dawn of Our Species in Africa,”Science News, 15 March 2018, http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/03/signs-symbolic-behavior-emerged-dawn-our-species-africa, accessed 26 April 2018.
19. Richard Potts et al., “Environmental Dynamics During the Onset of the Middle Stone Age in Eastern Africa,”Science, vol. 360, no. 6384 (2018), https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao2200.
20. Douglas Fry and Patrik Söderberg, “Lethal Aggression in Mobile Forager Bands and Implications for the Origins of War,”Science,vol.341,no.6143(2013):270-73,https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235675.
21. Colin K. Khoury et al., “Origins of Food Crops Connect Countries Worldwide,”Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 283, no. 1832 (2016), https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0792.
22. Jeremy Cherfas, “A Map of Where Your Food Originated May Surprise You,”The Salt, National Public Radio, 13 June 2016, www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/06/13/481586649/a-map-of-where-your-food-originated-may-surprise-you, accessed 20 March 2018.
23. Luke Fleming, “Linguistic Exogamy and Language Shift in the Northwest Amazon,”International Journal of the Sociology of Language,vol.2016,no.240(2016):9-27, https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2016-0013; Jean E. Jackson,The Fish People: Linguistic Exogamy and Tukanoan Identity in Northwest Amazonia,Cambridge Studies in Social Anthropology, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), xix, 287.
24. Peter Ralph and Graham Coop, “The Geography of Recent Genetic Ancestry Across Europe,”PLOS Biology, vol. 11, no. 5 (2013): e1001555, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001555; Susan Bell, “Researcher Uses DNA to Demonstrate Just How Closely Everyone on Earth Is Related to Everyone Else,”PHYSORG,8 August 2013, https://phys.org/news/2013-08-dna-earth.html, accessed 21 March 2018.
25. Colin McEvedy and Richard M.Jones,Atlas of World Population History(Middlesex, UK: Penguin Books, 1978); John Carl Nelson, Historical Atlas of the Eight Billion:World Population History 3000 BCE to 2020 (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2014).
26. Peter Brand,“Reuse and Restoration,”UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology,ed.Willeke Wendrich, 2010, https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vp6065d, accessed 19 March 2018.
27. Thomas Asbridge, The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land (London: Simon and Schuster, 2010).
28. Olivia Solon, “Elon Musk: We Must Colonise Mars to Preserve Our Species in a Third World War,”Guardian, 11 March 2018, www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/mar/11/elon-musk-colonise-mars-third-world-war, accessed 21 March 2018.
29. Stephen Petranek, How We’ll Live on Mars, TED Books (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2015).
30. Michael Emslie et al., “Expectations and Outcomes of Reserve Network Performance Following Re-zoning of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park,”Current Biology,vol.25, no. 8 (2015): 983-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.01.073.
31. Karen Frances Eng, “The Man Who Plants Trees: Shubhendu Sharma Is Reforesting the World,One Patch at a Time,”TEDBlog,9 May 2014,https://blog.ted.com/shubhendusharma/, accessed 21 March 2018.
11 失窃的遗产
1. Jaromir Malek et al., “Howard Carter's Notes on Various Objects Found in the Tomb of Tutankhamun(TAA i.2.10),”Griffith Institute,University of Oxford,http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/gri/taa_i_2_10.html, accessed 31 March 2018. On object # 435: “(H. 47.6). Crater with flanking ornament Finger marks of thieves on interior walls.”
2. “The Antiquities Coalition Warns American Heritage Is a Casualty of Government Shutdown,”Antiquities Coalition(blog),22 January 2018,https://theantiquitiescoalition.org/blog-posts/american-heritage-casualty-of-shutdown/, accessed 22 January 2018.
3. Brian Vastag, “Amid Protests and Looting, Officials Work to Preserve Egypt's Treasures,”Washington Post,30 January 2011,http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/01/30/AR2011013003244.html, accessed 11 March 2018.
4. Elizabeth C.Stone,“Patterns of Looting in Southern Iraq,”Antiquity,vol.82,no.315 (2008): 125-38, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00096496.
5. Sarah Parcak et al., “Satellite Evidence of Archaeological Site Looting in Egypt: 2002-2013,”Antiquity, vol. 90, no. 349 (2016): 188-205, https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2016.1.
6. Sarah Parcak et al., “Using Open Access Satellite Data Alongside Ground Based Remote Sensing:An Assessment,with Case Studies from Egypt's Delta,”Geosciences,vol.7,no. 4 (2017): 94, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences7040094.
7. 世界各地的考古同行都在各自领域提出同样的问题。紧随伊丽莎白·斯通的步伐，现在有很多项目是针对伊拉克和叙利亚境内的考古遗址的。目前，两国遗址被蓄意破坏和被劫掠的情况可谓触目惊心。(See Michael Danti et al., “The American Schools of Oriental Research Cultural Heritage Initiatives: Monitoring Cultural Heritage in Syria and Northern Iraq by Geospatial Imagery,”Geosciences,vol.7,no.4 [2017]: 95, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences7040095; and Jesse Casana and Mitra Panahipour, “Notes on a Disappearing Past: Satellite-Based Monitoring of Looting and Damage to Archaeological Sites in Syria,”Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies,vol.2,no.2[2014]:128-51,https://doi.org/10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.2.2.0128.)多段视频资料显示，盲目的暴民用锤子破坏已有4 000年历史的石碑纪念物(“Casualties of War,”PBS NewsHour,27 February 2015,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBrHUrUMifk, accessed 11 March 2018).但还有一个视角：在“伊斯兰国”崛起之后，劫掠遗址活动日趋猖獗——那些憎恶文化的坏人摇身变为文化破坏者。在叙利亚，劫掠遗址活动自2010年开始猖獗，我想这与2006年至2009年的旱灾有关，当然也与全球经济衰退有关。叙利亚内战进一步加剧了这种原本就已经很糟糕的局势，而“伊斯兰国”则从中大赚特赚。
8. Protect and Preserve International Cultural Property Act, H.R. 1493, United States House of Representatives, https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/1493 (19 March 2015), accessed 28 October 2017.
