1. 对塔赫塔维作品《披沙拣金记巴黎》（Takhlis al-Ibriz fi Talkhis Bariz）的完整英译和研究，见Daniel L. Newman, An Imam in Paris: Al-Tahtawi's Visit to France (1826—1831) (London: Saqi, 2004)。
2. Ibid., pp.99, 249.
3. Ibid., pp.105, 161.
4. 对这部宪法的分析转载于ibid., pp.194-213。
5. 塔赫塔维对1830年七月革命的分析可参见ibid., pp.303-330。
6. 1839年改革法令的译本转载于J. C. Hurewitz, The Middle East and North Africa in World Politics, vol. 1 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1975), pp.269-271。
7. 1856年改革法令的文本转载于ibid., pp.315-318.
8. 大马士革的奥斯曼法官穆罕默德·萨义德·乌斯图沃奈的日记由Asʻad al-Ustuwana编辑出版，Mashahid wa ahdath dimishqiyya fi muntasif al-qarn al-tasiʻ ʻashar (1840—1861)(Damascus: Dar al-Jumhuriyya, 1993), p.162。
9. Jonathan Frankel, The Damascus Affair: “Ritual Murder,” Politics, and the Jews in 1840 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
10. Bruce Masters, “The 1850 Events in Aleppo: An Aftershock of Syria's Incorporation into the Capitalist World System,” International Journal of Middle East Studies 22 (1990): 3-20.
11. Leila Fawaz, An Occasion for War: Civil Conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860 (London: I. B. Tauris, 1994); and Ussama Makdisi, The Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History, and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2000).
12. 大马士革穆斯林要人艾布·沙特·哈希卜的回忆录引自 Kamal Salibi, “The 1860 Upheaval in Damascus as Seen by al-Sayyid Muhammad Abu'l-Suʻud al-Hasibi, Notable and Later Naqib al-Ashraf of the City,” in William Polk and Richard Chambers, eds., Beginnings of Modernization in the Middle East: The Nineteenth Century (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968), p.190。
13. Wheeler Thackston Jr. 翻译了米哈伊勒·米舍卡写于1873年的历史，译本题为Murder, Mayhem, Pillage, and Plunder: The History of the Lebanon in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (Albany: SUNY Press, 1988), p.244。
14. 米舍卡1860年9月27日向美国驻贝鲁特领事提交的阿拉伯语报告，存于美国马里兰州大学公园市国家档案馆。
15. Y. Hakan Erdem, Slavery in the Ottoman Empire and Its Demise, 1800—1909 (Basingstoke, UK: 1996).
16. Roger Owen, The Middle East in the World Economy, 1800—1914 (London: Methuen, 1981), p.123.
17. David Landes, Bankers and Pashas: International Finance and Economic Imperialism in Egypt (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979), pp.91-92.
18. Owen, Middle East in the World Economy, pp.126-127.
19. Janet Abu Lughod, Cairo: 1001 Years of the City Victorious (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1971), pp.98-113.
20. 海伊尔丁的自传《致我的孩子》（À mes enfants）由M. S. Mzali和J. Pignon编辑出版：“Documents sur Kheredine,” Revue Tunisienne (1934): 177-225, 347-396，本段引文见p.183。
21. 海伊尔丁的政治著作《万国实闻录》（Aqwam al-masalik li maʻrifat ahwal al-mamalik）的编译本为Leon Carl Brown, The Surest Path: The Political Treatise of a Nineteenth-Century Muslim Statesman (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967)。
22. Ibid., pp.77-78.
23. Jean Ganiage, Les Origines du Protectorat francaise en Tunisie (1861—1881) (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1959); L. Carl Brown, The Tunisia of Ahmad Bey (1837—1855) (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974); and Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830—1980 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986).
24. 转引自Brown, The Surest Path, p.134。
25. Mzali and Pignon, “Documents sur Kheredine,” pp.186-187.
26. P. J. Vatikiotis, The History of Egypt from Muhammad Ali to Sadat (London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980).
27. Niyazi Berkes, The Emergence of Secularism in Turkey (London: Routledge, 1998), p.207.
28. Ahmet Cevdet Pasha in Charles Issawi, The Economic History of Turkey, 1800—1914 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980), pp.349-351; and Roderic Davison, Reform in the Ottoman Empire, 1856—1876 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963), p.112.
29. Mzali and Pignon, “Documents sur Kheredine,” pp.189-190.
30. Owen, Middle East in the World Economy, pp.100-121.
31. Ibid., pp.122-152.
