[2] R.C. Blockley,trans.,The History of Menander the Guardsman (1985),pp.116-117.
[3] 关于拜占庭-萨珊波斯关系,参见R.C. Blockley,East Roman Foreign Policy:Formation and Conduct from Diocletian to Anastasius (1992),pp.121-127;and James Howard-Johnston,“The Two Great Powers in Late Antiquity:A Comparison” (1995),pp.3:157-226.
[4] Golden,History of the Turkic Peoples,p.129;Blockley,History of Member,p.264 n.129;Blockley认为是特克斯河谷,也许是中国文献来源中Ch’ien Ch’uan(屏聿,“千泉”)的所在地。
[5] Excerpta de Legationibus Romanorum ad gentes,8,in Blockley,History of Menander,p.119.
[6] Excerpta de Legationibus Romanorum ad gentes,8,in Blockley,History of Menander,pp.121-123.
[7] Excerpta de Legationibus gentiun ad Romanos 9,in Blockley,History of Menander,p.127.
[8] Illustris(杰出者)和下文提到的Spectabiles(显赫者)都是拜占庭帝国的荣誉头衔,由古罗马元老职位派生而来。——译者注
[9] Blockley,History of Menander,p.153.
[10] The Anonymous Byzantine Treatise on Strategy,sec.43;之前被称为 Peri Strategikes 或者更常见的 De re strategica. In George T. Dennis,ed. and trans.,Three Byzantine Military Treatises (1985),pp.125-127.
[11] Prosper:Prosperi Tironis,Epitoma chronicon (1892/1980),p.1:465.
[12] Vita Germani,28. From Andrew Gillett,Envoys and Political Communication in the Late Antique West,411-533(2003),p.121.
[13] Carmina,VII,lines 308-311. “Avite,novas;saevum tua pagina regem lecta domat;iussisse sat est te,quod rogat orbis;credent hoc umquam gentes populique futuri?Littera Romani cassat quod,barbare,vincis.” Text in W.B. Anderson,Sidonius:Poems and Letters (1963),p.1:144.
[14] Excerpta de Legationibus gentium ad Romanos,3,in Blockley,History of Menander,p.51.
[15] Excerpta de Legationibus gentium ad Romanos,1,in Blockley,History of Menander,p.49.
[16] Chronicon Paschale,indiction 11,year 13 (year 623),in Michael Whitby and Mary Whitby,trans.,Chronicon Paschale,284-628 A.D.(1989),p.165.
[17] Theophanes,no.302,AM 6110,p.434.
[18] Excerpta de Legationibus gentium ad Romanos,7,in Blockley,History of Menander,p.115.
[19] 同时代希腊文献中的Patzinakitai;Golden,History of the Turkic Peoples,from p.264.
[20] De Administrando Imperio,ed. Gy. Moravcsik,trans. R.J.H.Jenkins (1967)(hereafter cited as DAI).由Ihor Sevcenko恶作剧式地重新予以介绍,“Re-reading Constantine Porphyrogenitus” (1992),pp.167ff.
[21] DAI,vol.2:Commentary,ed.R.J.H.Jenkins et al. (1962)(hereafter cited as DAI—Commentary),sec.8,pp.55-57. On “Zakana” (lines 8-17),与现代俄语“zakon”(法律)相比,源自“ar chaic kon”(边界,限制).DAI—Commentary,sec.38,introductory note,pp.145-146.
[22] Excerpta de Legationibus Romanorum ad gentes,3,lines 305-390,in Blockley,History of Menander,pp.71-75.
[23] Excerpta de Legationibus Romanorum ad gentes,3,lines 408-423,in Blockley,History of Menander,p.77. 我认同Blockley (p.255n.47):过程不是一件文本“紧身衣”,而是可靠的,当然也是慎重的。
[24] Theodosian Code Ⅵ,De Agentibus in rebus,27.23;Justinian’s Code Ⅻ.20.3.
[25] Otto Seeck,Notitia Dignitatum accedunt Notitia Urbis Constantinopolitanae Laterculi Prouinciarum (1876),pp.31-33.我支持Peter Brennan具有怀疑态度的解释——请参见“Mining a Mirage,”他的Notitia (即将出版)一书的副标题;他善意地在2008年3月31日给我发送了资料。
[26] 5个在the Diocese of Oriens;4个在Pontica;1个在Asiana;2个在the Diocese of the two Thraces;4个在the Diocese of Illyricum.
[27] logothetes tou dromou在英文中的表述通常为Logothete of the Course/Drome/Dromos或者Postal Logothete,logothetes特指拜占庭皇帝统治下的行政官员。——译者注
[28] J.B. Bury,“The Imperial Administrative System in the Ninth Century with a Revised Text of the Kletorologion of Philotheos” (1911),32.
[29] Prokopios,Anecdota,bk.ⅩⅩⅩ,4-7,in H.B. Dewing,ed. and trans.,Procopius (1962-1978),pp.6:347-349.
[30] Louis Bréhier,Les Institutions de l’empire Byzantin(1949/1970),pp.263-268;也有一个光信号,pp.268-270.
[31] 在 Ryland 图书馆里搜寻纸莎草,但我认同Peter Heather,The Fall of the Roman Empire:A New History of Rome and the Barbarians (2006),p.105.
[32] John Lydus (John the Lydian),On the Magistracies of the Roman Constitution trans. T.F. Carney (1965),bk.II.10.5.
[33] N.J.E. Austin and N.B. Rankov,Exploratio:Military and Political Intelligence in the Roman World from the Second Punic War to the Battle of Adrianople (1995),p.152.
[34] D.A. Miller,“The Logothete o fthe Dromein the Middle Byzantine Period” (1966),pp.438-470.
[35] C.D. Gordon,“The Subsidization of Border Peoples as a Roman Policy of Imperial Defense” (1948).
[36] Michael F.Hendy,Studies in the Byzantium Monetary Economy,c.300-1450(1985),p.261.
[37] Blockley,East Roman Foreign Policy,pp.149-150;Blockley,“Subsidies and Diplomacy:Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity” (Spring 1985),pp.62-74.
[38] Blockley,East Roman Foreign Policy,p.151ff.