第十章 古典传承第十一章 莫里斯皇帝的《战略》第十二章 《战略》之后第十三章 利奥六世和海战第十四章 10世纪的军事复兴第十五章 战略机动:赫拉克勒斯击败波斯.2
[6] 来自Shapuri(240~270)在Touraj Daryaee中的题词,“Ethnic and Territorial Boundaries in Late Antique and Early Medieval Persia (Third to Tenth Century)” (2005),p.131。
[7] H. Grégoire,“Imperatoris Michaelis Palaeologi De vita sua” (1959-1960),p.462. Michele Amari 在 La Guerra del Vespro Siciliano (1851)中并未完全采信Giovannin da Drocida 的“谋略”,而是选择相信地区的自主性(p.90)。但我选择遵循Steven Runciman,The Sicilian Vespers (1960),pp.226-227 (在第313页,他温和地谴责了Michele Amari)。
[8] 关于罗马人缺乏制图观念的论述,可参见Pietro Janni,La Mappa e Il periplo:Cartografia antica e spazio odologico (1984)。
[9] 参见 Lee,Information and Frontiers,from p.81.罗马军队使用行程指南:“itineraria prouinciarum,” N.P.Milner,trans.,Vegetius:Epitome of Military Science (1996),Ⅲ.6。
[10] Excerpta de Legationibus Romanorum ad gentes,14,in The History of Menander the Guardsman,trans.R.C. Blockley (1985),p.175.
[11] Michael F.Hendy,Studies in the Byzantium Monetary Economy,c.300-1450(1985),from p.157.
[12] J.F. Haldon,Byzantium in the Seventh Century:The Transformation of a Culture (1990),from p.173;与 Salvatore Cosentino的“Dalla tassazione tardoromana a quella bizantina:Un avvio al medioevo” (2007),pp.119-133相比。
[13] Nicolas Oikonomides,“The Role of the Byzantine State in the Economy” (2002),pp.973-1058.
[14] The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor,A.D.284-813,trans. Cyril Mango et al. (1997),no.303,AM 6113,pp.435-436.
[15] Jordanes,Getica (De origine actibusque Getarum),line 261;translated by Charles C.Mierow as The Gothic History of Jordanes (1915),p.126.拉丁文文本参见www.thelatinlibrary.com/iordanes1.html。
[16] 最好的翻译文本参见 Denis Van Berchem,L’arm ée de Diocl étien et la r éforme Constantinienne (1952)。
[17] 更丰富的背景资料,参见Fergus Millar,A Greek Roman Empire:Power and Belief under Theodosius Ⅱ(408-450) (2007)。
[18] Hòuhànshū [Book of the Later Han],partial translation by John E.Hill at http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/hhshu/hou_han_shu.html.
[19] 参见Peter B. Golden,Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples:Ethnogenesis and State Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East (1992),from p.87.戈尔登教授(Golden,2008年3月23日)纠正了我对这一联系的忽视,可参考Miklós érdy,“Hun and Xiongnu Type Cauldron Finds throughout Eurasia” (1995),pp.3-26;以及 étienne de la Vaissière,“Huns et Xiongnu” (2005),pp.3-26。
[20] Henry Yule and A.C. Burnell,Hobson-Jobson:A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases,ed.Rev.E. Crooke (1985),p.947.
[21] 关于种族形成的大量文献,参见Halsall,Barbarian Migrations,pp.14-16,457-470;Halsall同意Walter Pohl的观点,如Pohl的“Conceptions of Ethnicity in Early Medieval Studies” (1998),pp.15ff.关于种族形成的最初概念,参见Peter B. Golden,“Ethnicity and State Formation in Pre-Cinggisid Turkic Eurasia” (2001)。
[22] Otto J.Maenchen-Helfen,The World of the Huns (1973),from p.386.他也打消了阿尔塞姆(Altheim)的猜测(p.385 n.82)。
[23] In Eutropium I,250:“Taurorum claustra,paludes flos Syriae seruit”;参见Averil Cameron Claudian,Poetry and Propaganda at the Courtof Honorius (1970),from p.124。
[24] 西奥多瑞特(Theodoret)是叙利亚塞鲁斯(Cyrrhus)的主教,423~457年在位;我对此未有研究;引自Maenchen-Helfen,The World of the Huns,pp.58-59.
[25] Golden,History of the Turkic Peoples,p.108.