饭饭TXT > 军事历史 > 《拜占庭帝国大战略(出版书)》作者:[美]爱德华·N.勒特韦克/译者:陈定定【完结】 > 拜占庭帝国大战略.txt

第一章 阿提拉与帝国的危机.3

作者:美-爱德华·N勒特韦克/译者:陈定定 当前章节:7345 字 更新时间:2026-6-15 17:04

[15] Gaius Sollius Modestus Apollinaris Sidonius也称为Sidonius Apollinaris,中文为圣希多尼乌斯·阿波黎纳里斯(430~489)。古罗马末期的诗人,外交家,主教。——译者注

[16] Panegyric on Anthemius,266-269. In Sidonius,trans.W.B Anderson (1963),p.2:31.

[17] Panegyric on Avitus,236;Anderson,Sidonius,p.139;马亨森·赫尔芬声称,西多尼乌斯令人想起了克劳狄,对箭术同样重视。

[18] Gad Rausing,The Bow (1967),from p.140.这段引用要归功于汉斯(Hans)和玛丽特·劳辛(Marit Rausing)。

[19] Heather,Fall of the Roman Empire,p.156,有130厘米。

[20] 关于“这种强大武器”等描述可参见 E.W.Marsden,Greek and Roman Artillery (1969),pp.8-10。

[21] 单块木头制成的弓。——译者注

[22] 德国的一位专家马库斯·克莱克(Markus Klek),通过实际制造由肌腱和骨制成的复合弓,揭示了其制造过程的复杂性;参见http://www.primitiveways.com/pt-composite_bow.html。

[23] Maenchen-Helfen,The World of the Huns,p.226.

[24] Under “The Fall of Hervor and the Gathering of Angantyr’s Army,” pt.14 of The Saga of Hervor and King Heidrek the Wise,trans. Peter Tunstall (2005). http://www.northvegr.org/lore/oldheathen/018.php.

[25] Homer,The Odyssey,bk.24,167-178,trans. A.T.Murray (1946),p.2:415.

[26] 如Hans Rausing所提到的,personal communication,January 9,2008.

[27] Fred Isles,“Turkish Flight Arrows,” (1961). Online at http://www.atarn.org/mongolian/mongol_1.htm.

[28] 萨珍,沙皇俄国时期和俄国革命之后所使用的一种本地长度单位。——译者注

[29] http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/12/b2003/hm12_3_1_5.html.相反的观点,参见Gongor Lhagvasuren,http://www.atarn.org/mongolian/mongol_1.htm。

[30] McLeod,“The Range of the Ancient Bow,” (1965),p.8;McLeod,“The Range of the Ancient Bow:Addenda,” (1972),p.80. 关于盔甲的类型,参见A.D.H. Bivar,“Cavalry Tactics and Equipment on the Euphrates” (1972),p.283.

[31] Edward N.Luttwak,“The Operational Level of War,” (Winter 1980-1981),pp.61-79;Luttwak,Strategy (2001),from p.112.

[32] Ammianus Marcellinus-Rolfe,p.383;XXXI.2.6:“verum equis prope affixi.”

[33] Panegyric on Anthemius,262-266,in Anderson,Sidonius,p.31.

[34] ⅩⅩⅪ,2,8,in Ammianus Marcellinus-Rolfe,p.385.

[35] H.D.F. Kitto 对 6 D 5W(“Thracian” for Saian)非字面意思的愉快翻译,in The Greeks (1951),p.88;序言是那句无价的“我不喜欢脚踝粗大的女人”。

[36] John Haldon,Warfare,State and Society in the Byzantine World,565-1204(1999),pp.163-165. 针对马车的论述,参见The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium(1991),pp.1:383-384,s.v. “Carts.”

[37] Prokopios,Anecdota,bk.XXX,4-7,in H.B. Dewing,ed. and trans.,Procopius (1969),pp.6:347-349.

[38] 短吨,美国重量单位,等于2000磅。——译者注

[39] 改编自Adrian Keith Goldsworthy,The Roman Army at War,100 BC-AD 200 (1996),p.293,including table 5. 更广泛的内容,参见 John F.Haldon,“The Organization and Support of an Expeditionary Force:Manpower and Logistics in the Middle Byzantine Period” (2007),from p.422;以及 Haldon,“Introduction:Why Model Logistical Systems?” (2005),from p.6.

[40] Donald R.Morris,The Washing of the Spears (1966),pp.312-313,南非关于牛车的数据(Goldworthy的数据来自印度)。在玻利维亚热带地区的个人经验(www.ama20nranch.org)证实了Morris的数据。

[41] Haldon,Warfare,State and Society,p.164.

[42] War Department,Handbook on German Military Forces (1945/1990),p.297.

[43] Strategikon of Maurikios (see Part III below),XII,2.9.

[44] De Velitatione. In George T. Dennis,ed.,Three Byzantine Military Treatises (pp. 137-239,“Skirmishing”). Washington,D.C.:Dumbarton Oaks,1985.;see Part III below.

[45] 可参见Jordanes,Getica,translated by Charles C.Mierow as The Gothic History of Jordanes (1915)(此后被称为 Getica),XLII.221,p.113,关于452年对阿奎拉(Acquileia)的围攻。447年在纳索斯(Naissus,位于塞尔维亚的尼什)使用的特殊攻城器械,参见Priskos of Panium,6.2,in R.C. Blockley,The Fragmentary Classicizing Historians of the Later Roman Empire (1983),pp.2:230-233。

[46] 关于年代有所争议,参见Constantine Zuckerman,“L’Empire d’Orient et les Huns” (1994),pp.165-168.但是,马亨森·赫尔芬所著的The World of the Huns 仍然很有说服力(第108页),罗列了从441年到447年关于征服者的一系列论据;且几乎完全被布莱克利(Blockley)认可,Fragmentary Classicizing Historians (p.1:168 n.48)。

[47] Letter LXXVII,8,“ad Oceanum de morte Fabiolae,” in Selected Letters of St. Jerome,trans. F.A. Wright (1954),pp.328-331.

[48] Maenchen-Helfen,The World of the Huns,pp.57-58.

[49] 引自利博·夏利法姆(Liber Chalifarum)的发现(我没有发现),马亨森·赫尔芬在其著作The World of the Huns 中引用,p.58.

[50] Getica ⅩⅩⅩⅤ.180.西哥特人(Thervingi或Vesi)被卡西奥杜勒斯重新命名,以此与东哥特人相区分。Translation from,pp.101-102,adapted by author (部落的范围等)。

[51] Excerpta de Legationibus Romanorum ad gentes,3,lines 40-65,in Blockley,Fragmentary Classicizing Historians,pp.2:284-285.

[52] Excerpta de Legationibus Romanorum ad gentes,3,lines 373-378,in Blockley,Fragmentary Classicizing Historians,pp.2:264-265.

[53] Excerpta de Legationibus Romanorum ad gentes,3,lines 378-385,pp.2:265-267. 关于名字的论述,参见 Maenchen-Helfen,The World of the Huns,pp.388-389.

[54] Thompson,The Huns,p.226.

[55] Excerpta de legationibus Romanorum ad gentes,5,lines 585-618,in Blockley,Fragmentary Classicizing Historians,pp.2:276-279.

[56] 这是来自普罗斯科斯的普遍解释,根据他的记录,匈奴人的总部在平原上,朝其行进的道路是“平坦的”,穿越了“可航行的河流”Drecon,Tigas和Tiphesas。在乔丹尼斯(ⅩⅩⅩⅣ,178)的解释中,它们是“ingentia si quidem flumina,id est Tisia Tibisiaque et Dricca”;也可参见Thompson,The Huns,appendix F,“The Site of Attila’s Headquarters,” pp.276-277;另一观点来自Robert Browning的“Where Was Attila’s Camp?” (1953),pp.143-145,他认为匈奴总部在多瑙河下游的瓦拉契亚(Wallachia),布莱克利在Fragmentary Classicizing Historians (p.2:384 n.43)中赞同汤普森的观点。

[57] 阿斯帕尔,阿雷奥比多斯,是未来的大元帅,Argagisklos =Arnegisklos.

[58] The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor,A.D.284-813,trans. Cyril Mango et al. (1997),no.103,AM 5942,p.159.

[59] Constantine Zuckerman,“L’Empire d’Orient et le Huns” (1994),p.169. Zuckerman otherwise disputes Maenchen-Helfen’s chronology.

[60] Fifteenth indiction,consulship of Ardabur and Calepius [Mommsen 447],in Brian Coke,trans.,The Chronicle of Marcellinus Comes (1995),p.19 and p.89 for 447.5.

[61] 参见Heather,Fall of the Roman Empire,from p.334中的讨论。

[62] 卓越的:J.B. Bury,依旧如此,“Justa Grata Honoria,”1919,pp.1-13;不客气地轻蔑:Maenchen-Helfen,The World of the Huns,p.130;轻信的:Tnompson,The huns,from p.145;对Heather来说只是有趣的宫廷传言,Fall of the Roman Empire,p.335。

[63] Getica ⅩⅩⅩⅤ.182,p.102.

[64] Sidonius,Carmina Ⅶ,Panegyricon Avitus,319-330,in Anderson,Sidonius (1963),pp.1:145-147.

[65] 关于埃尔修斯所扮演的角色,参见最近的研究Peter Heather,“The Western Empire,425-476”(2001),from p.5.在这篇文章中,这场联姻被认为是值得称赞的。也可参见A.H.M.Jones,The Later Roman Empire,284-602(1973),pp.1:176-177。

[66] Getica ⅩⅩⅩⅥ.191,p.105.

[67] Getica ⅩL.212,p.110.

[68] Getica ⅩLI.216,p.111.

[69] Thompson,The Huns,pp.155,156-157;Maenchen-Helfen,The World of the Huns,p.132,观点完全不一致.

[70] 汤普森的一章题为“The Defeats of Attila,” The Huns,p.137.

[71] Getica XLI.217,p.112;Maenchen-Helfen,The World of the Huns,p.132,特别是关于匈奴伤亡严重的讨论——当然,没有证据。

[72] 关于本次议会的相关史实(我并无研究),转载于Maenchen Helfen,The World of the Huns,p.131 nn.613-615.

[73] Ammianus Marcellinus-Rolfe,XXI.11,2;and 12,1,p.2:141.

[74] Herodian,bk.8,4,6-7;text from Edward C. Echols,trans.,Herodian of Antioch’s History of the Roman Empire (1961),pp.203-204. Also at www.Tertullian.Org/Fathers/Herodian_08_Book8.Htm.

[75] Getica XLII.221,p.113.

[76] Maenchen-Helfen,The World of the Huns,pp.137-139;Thompson,The Huns,p.161——因此造成的对阿维努斯的仇恨,到1948年已经延续900年了,这是荒谬和可笑的。

[77] Maenchen-Helfen,The World of the Huns,p.141;Thompson,The Huns,pp.161-163,观点相同。

[78] Getica XLIII.225,p.114;Priskos,Excepta de Legationibus Romanorum ad gentes,6,in Blockley,Fragmentary Classicizing Historians,pp.2:315-317.

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