1. I. Mélikoff (ed.), La geste de Melik Danismend, 2 vols. (Paris, 1960).
2. 11世纪70年代中期,阿莱克修斯受命前往收服巴里奥尔,重申皇帝权威,但当他把这名诺曼人收为阶下囚时,阿玛西亚的居民却只是喝倒彩,讥讽他。Anna Komnene, I.2, pp. 11–13.
3. Matthew of Edessa, II.72, p. 144.
4. J-C. Cheynet and D. Theodoridis, Sceaux byzantins de la collection D. Theodoridis (Paris, 2010), pp. 26–8.
5. 1081年时,尼基弗鲁斯·帕莱奥罗格斯仍然担任着这个职务。Nikephoros Bryennios, III.15, p. 239.
6. J-C. Cheynet and J-F. Vannier, Etudes Prosopographiques (Paris, 1986), pp. 57–74; Cheynet and Theodoridis, Sceaux byzantins, pp. 54– 6; C. MacEvitt, The Crusades and the Christian World of the East: Rough Tolerance (Philadelphia, 2008), pp. 41–2.
7. 例如,Michael Angold, The Byzantine Empire 1025–1204 (London, 1984), pp. 112–13; France, Victory in the East, pp. 155–6; J. Flori, La Première Croisade: l'Occident chrétien contre l'Islam aux origines des idéologies occidentales (Paris, 2001), p. 64; P. Magdalino, 'The Medieval Empire (780–1204)' in C. Mango (ed.),The Oxford History of Byzantium, p. 185; J. Harris, Byzantium and the Crusades (London, 2003), pp. 47, 55. Phillips, Holy Warriors, p. 15.
8. Anna Komnene, III.9, p. 100.
9. Ibid.
10. Anna Komnene, II.6, p. 65.
11. Anna Komnene, II.3, pp. 54–5.
12. J. Darrouzès, Notitiae episcopatuum ecclesiae constantinopolitanae (Paris, 1981), pp. 123–4, 134–5.
13. J-C. Cheynet, 'La résistance aux Turcs en Asie Mineure entre Mantzikert et la Première Croisade', in Eupsykhia: Mélanges offerts à Hélène Ahrweiler, 2 vols. (Paris, 1998), 1, pp. 131–47.
14. 关于阿莱克修斯1081年时对自己手下的军队怀有的忧惧之情,见 Anna Komnene, II.9, p. 71; for the circumstances behind the belated coronation of Alexios' wife, Eirene, III.2, pp. 81–4.
15. Anna Komnene, III.5, pp. 89–91.
16. Anna Komnene, III.11, p. 104.
17. 例如, Nikephoros Bryennios, III.16, p. 241; IV.2, p. 259.
18. Nikephoros Bryennios, IV.4, p. 265; IV.10–13, pp. 275–9.
19. J. Darrouzès (ed.), Georges et Dèmètrios Tornikès – Lettres et Discours (Paris, 1970), pp. 234–5.
20. Orderic Vitalis, X.12, 5, p. 274.
21. 关于塔提基奥斯的父亲是如何被俘的,见Anna Komnene, IV.4, p. 115.
22. Anna Komnene, III.11, p. 105.
23. Anna Komnene, V.5.ii, p. 140.
24. Anna Komnene, IV.4, p. 115; IV.6, p. 123; V.6.iv, p. 159; William of Apulia, IV, pp. 222, 226.
25. Anna Komnene, VI.12, p. 177.
26. Matthew of Edessa, II.78, pp. 147–8.
27. Bar Hebraeus, ed. and tr. E. Budge, The Chronography of Gregory Abul Faraj, 2vols. (Oxford, 1932), 2, p. 227.
28. De Administrando Imperio, ed. and tr. G. Moravcsik and R. Jenkins, (Washington DC, 1967).
29. Nikephoros Bryennios, IV.31, p. 301.
30. P. Frankopan, 'The Fall of Nicaea and the towns of western Asia Minor to the Turks in the later 11th Century: The curious case of Nikephoros Melissenos', Byzantion 76 (2006), pp. 153–84, and below, p. 82.
31. 关于女皇如何命尼基弗鲁斯撰史,见Nikephoros Bryennios, pp. 71–3; Anna Komnene, Prologue, p. 5.
32. 1081年后,他被称为尼西亚的"埃米尔"(即总督)。 Anna Komnene, VI.9, pp. 169–70. 安娜还说,他占有的尼西亚之地是属于皇帝的,尽管在突厥文献中它们被称为属于苏丹的,III.11,P.104。Michael Attaleiates 11世纪70年代著书时,还没有以这个头衔称呼他,而是称他为突厥人的一名领袖,p.266。尼基弗鲁斯·比伦尼诺斯避免用这个称谓称呼1081年前的苏莱曼,e.g.III.16,P.241。
33. 两个例外是《阿莱克修斯纪》和John Zonaras所著的Epitome Historion。12世纪还有一名作者写到了阿莱克修斯的统治期,但他主要是沿袭了Zonaras的著作。
34. See P. Magdalino, 'Aspects of twelfth-century Byzantine Kaiserkritik', Speculum 58 (1983), pp. 326–46.
35. Albert of Aachen, II.28, p. 108.
36. Ekkehard of Aura, p. 200.
37. See J-C. Cheynet, 'The duchy of Antioch during the second period of Byzantine rule', in K. Ciggaar and D. Metcalf (eds.), East and West in the Medieval Eastern Mediterranean: Antioch from the Byzantine Reconquest until the End of the Crusader Principality (Leiden, 2006), pp. 1–16.
38. Michael Attaleiates, p. 301.
39. 能够证明他官至protosebastos,身为东部诸省军队总司令的菲拉雷托斯的铅印应该肯定晚于1081年,因为protosebastos这个称号是阿莱克修斯创制的。而这又表明阿莱克修斯很指望靠菲拉雷托斯来治理东方,于是提升他到更高的地位。J-C. Cheynet, C. Morrisson and W. Seibt, Les Sceaux byzantins de la collection Henri Seyrig (Paris, 1991), no. 192; Cheynet and Theodoridis, Sceaux byzantins, pp. 54–6.这一时期的其他权贵人物也见证了他受到的优待,如Other dignities from this period show how he was courted, for example, J-C. Cheynet, 'Sceaux byzantins des Musées d'Antioche et de Tarse', Travaux et Mémoires 12 (1994), no. 56.
40. Anna Komnene, VI.9, pp. 169–70.
41. Matthew of Edessa, II.60, p. 137.
42. Anonymi Auctoris Chronicon ad Annum Christi 1234 Pertinens, tr. A. Abouna and J-M. Fiey, Chronicle of the Unknown Edessan (Paris, 1974), p. 39.
43. J-C. Cheynet, 'Les Arméniens de L'Empire en Orient de Constantin Xe à Alexis Comnène (1059–1081)', L'Arménie et Byzance (Paris, 1996), p. 76.
44. Michael the Syrian, 3, p. 178.
45. Matthew of Edessa, II.78, p. 147; also Anna Komnene, VI.9, p. 170.
46. Ibn al-Ahtir, AH 477/Dec. 1084–Dec. 1085, p. 218; Sibt ibn al-Jawzi, Mir'at al-Zaman fi Ta'rikh al-A'yan, ed. A. Sevim (Ankara, 1968), p. 229.
47. Ibn al-Athir,引用了诗人al-Abirwardi AH 477/Dec. 1084–Dec. 1085, p. 218.
48. Ibid., pp. 218–19.
49. Ibn al-Athir, AH 479/Dec. 1086–Dec. 1087, p. 223.
50. Ibn al-Athir, AH 477/Dec. 1084–Dec. 1085, p. 224; Sibt ibn al-Jawzi, p. 229.
51. Anna Komnene, VI.10, p. 171.
52. The History of the Seljuk Turks from the Jami'ak-Tawarikh, tr. K. Luther (Richmond, 2001), pp. 62, 60–1.
53. Anna Komnene, VI.12, pp. 177–8. 这封信是在拜占庭击败罗贝尔·吉斯卡尔对伊庇鲁斯的进攻之后,但早于佩切涅格人1087年的大举入侵。
54. Anna Komnene, VI. 9, pp. 170–1. A安娜把对苏丹的提议的讲述分在了两处。
55. Anna Komnene, VI.12, p. 178.
56. Anna Komnene, VIII.3, p. 220.
57. Anna Komnene, VI.9, p. 171.
58. Bar Hebraeus, 2, p. 229.
59. Ibn al-Athir, AH 485/Dec. 1091–Dec. 1092, p. 259.
60. Anna Komnene, VI.12, p. 177.
61. Matthew of Edessa, II.86, p. 153.
62. Ibid.
63. 对苏丹的询问的回复留存了下来P. Gautier, 'Lettre au sultan Malik-Shah rédigée par Michel Psellos', Revue des Etudes Byzantines 35 (1977), pp. 73–97.
64. Matthew of Edessa, II.86, p. 153.
65. 没有什么资料能告诉我们,当时的kouropalates兼埃德萨总督,以及梅里特那总督加布里埃尔的情况,我们也不知道他们是否接受了(或被诱使接受了)马利克沙的权威。不过,考虑到埃德萨的马修对菲拉雷托斯颇有不满,而且决定要臣服于苏丹,皈依伊斯兰教。如果这两人被突厥人打败的话,他的记述中可能也会提到与之类似的事。Matthew of Edessa, II.85, pp. 152–3. 但加布里埃尔似乎两边都下了注,他的一名印章上既有拜占庭的头衔又有阿拉伯的头衔。 J-C. Cheynet, Sceaux de la collection Zacos se rapportant aux provinces orientales de l'Empire byzantine (Paris, 2001), no. 41.
66. Anna Komnene, VI.10, p. 172.
67. Anna Komnene, VI.13, pp. 180–2.
68. Ibid., p. 181; VI.14, pp. 183–4. 亨伯托波罗斯受命转往西部的时间能够帮我们确定该城收复的时间。
69. Anna Komnene, VI.13, pp. 180–2.
70. Theophylact of Ohrid, pp. 113–14. 提奥菲拉科特对皇帝的评论是在一年后他与皇帝的一次谈话中。
71. Ibid., p. 111.