1. 参见Riley-Smith, First Crusade, pp. 13–30; Tyerman, God's War, pp. 58–89.
2. 有关乌尔班二世的巡游, 参见Becker, Papst Urban II, vol. 2, pp. 435–58.
3. Gregory VII, Register, 1.46, p. 50; Devic and Vaissete, Histoire générale de Languedoc, 3, p. 465
4. Devic and Vaissete, Histoire générale de Languedoc, 5, pp. 747–8.
5. Gregory VII, Register, 1.46, p. 50; 8.16, pp. 381–2.
6. Patrologia Latina, 151, col. 562.
7. Annales Besuenses, MGH, SS, 2, p. 250; Annales S. Benigni Divionensis, MGH, SS, 5, p 43.
8. Patrologia Latina, 150, col. 1388; 151, col. 422.
9. Robert the Monk, I.1 pp. 80–1.
10. Robert the Monk, I.2, pp. 81–2; Fulcher of Chartres, I.4.iv, p. 68; Guibert of Nogent, II.5, p. 117. 虽然有关教皇在克莱蒙演讲的主要记述文献是若干年后写就的，但有关东方受难的消息在当时的文献中已经能够发现,例如, Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, pp. 136, 137–8; Wiederhold, 'Papsturkunden in Florenz', pp. 313–14; Kehr, Papsturkunden in Spanien, pp. 287–8; Halphen and Poupardin, Chronique des comtes d'Anjou, pp. 237–8.
11. Baldric of Dol, IV, pp. 15–16.
12. Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, pp. 136–7
13. Baldric of Dol, IV, p. 16.
14. Baldric of Dol, Vita Beati Roberti de Arbisello, Patrologia Latina 162, cols. 1050–1.
15. Hugh of Flavigny, Chronicon, MGH, SS, 8, pp. 474–5.
16. Bull, Knightly Piety, pp. 250–81.
17. 关于乌尔班二世的指令，参见Baldric of Dol, I, p. 15.
18. S. d'Elbenne and L-J. Dennis (eds.), Cartulaire du chapitre royal de Saint-Pierre de la Cour du Mans (Paris, 1903–7), no. 11, p. 15.
19. J. Richard, 'Le Cartulaire de Marcigny-sur-Loire 1045–1144. Essai de reconstitution d'un manuscript disparu', Analecta burgundica (1957), 119, p. 87.
20. B. de Broussillon, Cartulaire de Saint-Aubin d'Angers (1903), 1, no. 354, p. 407.
21. Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, p. 136.
22. Ibid., pp. 137–8.
23. Chronica Monasterii Casinensis, IV.11, p. 475. 关于所提供的精神奖赏，Riley-Smith, First Crusade, pp. 13–30.
24. Kehr, Papsturkunden in Spanien, p. 287.
25. H. Cowdrey, 'Martyrdom and the First Crusade', in Edbury, Crusade and Settlement, pp. 45–56; J. Flori, 'L'example de la Première Croisade', Cahiers de civilisation médiévale 34 (1991), pp. 121–39; C. Morris, 'Martyrs of the field of battle before and during the First Crusade', Studies in Church History 30 (1993), pp. 93–104.
26. Guérard, Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Victor de Marseilles, 1, pp. 167–8.
27. C. Métais, Cartulaire de l'abbaye de la Sainte Trinité de Vend?me, 4 vols. (Paris, 1893–1900), 2, p. 39; V. Thuillier (ed.), Ouvrages posthumes de D. Jean Mabillon et D. Thierri Ruinart, 3 vols. (Paris, 1724), 3, pp. 387–90; P. Jaffé (ed.), Regesta Pontificum Romanorum, 2 vols. (Leipzig, 1885–8), 1, nos. 5656, 5649; 5647.
28. Gesta Francorum, I, p. 2; Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, p. 137.
29. H. Klein, 'Eastern Objects and Western Desires: Relics and Reliquaries between Byzantium and the West', Dumbarton Oaks Papers 58 (2004), pp. 283–314.
30. Halphen and Poupardin, Chronique des comtes d'Anjou, pp. 237–8.
31. A. Gieysztor, 'The Genesis of the Crusades: The Encyclical of Sergius IV', Medievalia et Humanistica 5 (1949), pp. 2–23 and 6 (1950), pp. 3–34. However, also see H. Schaller, 'Zur Kreuzzugsenzyklika Papst Sergius IV', in H. Mordek (ed.), Papsttum, Kirche und Recht im Mittelalter. Festschrift für Horst Fuhrmann (Tübingen, 1991), pp. 135–54.
32. Recueil des chartes de Cluny, 5, no. 3703.
33. Ibid., nos. 3737, 3755.
34. Ibid., no. 3712.
35. R. Ju?nin, Nouvelle histoire de l'abbaie royale et collégiale de Saint Filibert, 2 vols. (Dijon, 1733), 2, p. 135.
36. Robert the Monk, I.2, p. 82; Fulcher of Chartres, I.4.iv, p. 68; Guibert of Nogent, II.5, p. 117; Gesta Francorum, I, p. 7.
37. C. Chevalier, 'Cartulaire de l'abbaye de St. Chaffre du Monastier', in Collection de cartulaires dauphinois (Paris, 1869–1912), 8, pp. 139–41. 关于这些以及其他更多的例子，Riley-Smith, First Crusade, pp. 31ff.
38. E. Poncelet (ed.), Cartulaire de l'Eglise St Lambert de Liège, 5 vols. (Brussels,1869), 1, p. 47.
39. Orderic Vitalis, IX.3, 5, pp. 26, 32; Hugh of Flavigny, II, pp. 474–5.
40. Guibert of Nogent, II, 17, pp. 133–4.
41. 关于菲利普一世所受的绝罚，Somerville, Councils of Urban II, pp. 87, 97, 98. 有关贝特拉达的风评很差，Chronica de gestis consulum Andegavorum, in Halphen and Poupardin, Chronique des comtes d'Anjou, p. 67; 关于菲利普一世以自己的妻子荷兰的贝尔塔太胖为由抛弃她，参见William of Malmesbury, 3.257, p. 474.
42. Guibert of Nogent, II.17, pp. 133–4; Mansi, Sacrorum Concilium Amplissima Collectio 20, col. 937; J. Verdon (ed.), Chronique de Saint-Maixent (Paris, 1979), p. 154; Somerville, Councils of Urban II, p. 90.
43. Gesta Francorum, I, p. 7.
44. Robert the Monk, II.3, pp. 91–2.
45. Codice Diplomatico Barese, 5, p. 41.
46. Anna Komnene, XIII.11, pp. 383–4.
47. Anna Komnene, V.6, p. 144.
48. 据一位阿拉伯作者所言，罗杰拒绝与十字军东征行动有任何牵扯，当他听闻了最初的计划时，“抬起腿放了一个响屁”——这个细节Ibn al-Athir是在讲到针对北非而不是耶路撒冷的行动时谈到的。这个非常有趣的故事反映了罗杰不愿意惹恼那些让西西里变得如此富裕的穆斯林商人们。AH 491/Dec. 1097–Dec. 1098, p. 13.
49. Jaffe, Regesta pontificum Romanorum, no. 5608; Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, p. 136.
50. Guérard, Cartulaire de Saint-Victor, p. 802.
51. Anna Komnene, X.7, pp. 279–80.
52. Albert of Aachen, I.23, p. 96; Guibert of Nogent, VII.31, p. 328.
53. Barber and Bate, Letters, p. 22.
54. Patrologia Latina, 157, col. 162B.
55. Robert the Monk, I.2, pp. 81–2.
56. Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny, 5, p. 51.
57. Wiederhold, 'Papsturkunden', pp. 313–14.
58. Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, p. 137.
59. Devic and Vaissete, Histoire générale de Languedoc, 5, pp. 757–8.
60. Bernold of Constance, p. 520.
61. 例如，Fulcher of Chartres, I.4, p. 68; Baldric of Dol, I, pp. 15–16.
62. Robert the Monk, II.2, p. 82.
63. 例如1096年春在马尔穆捷和图尔。Halphen and Poupardin, Chronique des comtes d'Anjou, pp. 237–8; O. Guillot, Le Comte d'Anjou et son entourage au XIe siècle (Paris, 1972), p. 242.
64. 参见W. Purkiss, Crusading Spirituality in the Holy Land and Iberia, c.1095–c.1187 (Woodbridge, 2008), esp. pp. 120–38.
65. Anna Komnene XI.1, p. 297. Also Gesta Francorum, II, p. 16; Albert of Aachen, I.15, pp. 283–4.
66. 关于这座修道院建立的时间，参见J. Gay, 'L'abbaye de Cluny et Byzance au début du XII siècle', Echos d'Orient 30 (1931), pp. 84–90, 但可另见J. Shepard, 'The "muddy road" of Odo of Arpin from Bourges to La Charité sur Loire', in P. Edbury and J. Phillips (eds.), The Experience of Crusading: Defining the Crusader Kingdom (Cambridge, 2003), p. 23.
67. Anna Komnene, X.5, p. 276.
68. Albert of Aachen, II.7, p. 70.
69. Albert of Aachen, II.17, p. 86.
70. Albert of Aachen, II.7, pp. 70–2.
71. Robert the Monk, II.11, p. 95.
72. Raymond of Aguilers, I, pp. 16–17.
73. Raymond of Aguilers, I, p. 17.
74. Raymond of Aguilers, I, p. 17.
75. 有关参加的人数，参见France, Victory in the East, pp. 122–42; B. Bachrach, 'The siege of Antioch: A study in military demography', War in History 6 (1999), pp. 127–46; J. Riley-Smith, 'Casualties and the number of knights on the First Crusade', Crusades 1 (2002), pp. 13–28.
76. Fulcher of Chartres, I.6.ix, p. 73.
77. Fulcher of Chartres, I.13.iv, p. 88.
78. Anna Komnene, X.5, p. 274.
79. Anna Komnene, X.5.vi, p. 275.
