[19]关于纳粹主义和第三帝国的史学著作，有许多精彩的论述，其中简短评述首推Jane Caplan, ‘The Historiography of National Socialism’，收录于Michael Bentley编辑的Companion to Historiography (London, 1997) , 545-90；详细研究首推Ian Kershaw, The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation (4th edn., London, 2000 [1985])。
[20]Mark Mazower, Dark Continent: Europe's Twentieth Century (London, 1998).
[21]Pierre Ay?oberry, The Nazi Question: An Essay on the Interpretations of National Socialism (1922-1975) (New York, 1981 [1979])是把马克思主义者所做的各种阐释置于阐释者所处时代的政治语境中进行研究的一部佳作。
[22]东德方面的著述，参见Andreas Dorpalen的论述，German History in Marxist Perspective:The East German Approach (Detroit, 1988)。附有明晰评论的代表作选辑是Georg G.Iggers编辑的Marxist Historiography in Transformation: New Orientations in Recent East German History (Oxford, 1992)。研究第三帝国的最精深、最缜密的马克思主义史学家之一是Tim Mason，其著作首推Nazism, Fascism and the Working Class: Essays by Tim Mason (ed. Jane Caplan, Cambridge, 1995)和Social Policy in the Third Reich: The Working Class and the ‘National Community’ (ed. Jane Caplan, Providence, RI, 1993 [1977])。
[23]Shirer, The Rise and Fall; Alan J. P. Taylor, The Course of German History (London, 1945);Edmond Vermeil, Germany in the Twentieth Century (New York, 1956).
[24]Ay?oberry, The Nazi Question, 3-15.
[25]Rohan d' Olier Butler, The Roots of National Socialism 1783-1933 (London, 1941)是这类战时宣传的典范；另一部是Fossey J. C. Hearnshaw, Germany the Aggressor throughout the Ages (London, 1940)。同时代人对此做出聪明反驳的一部著作是Harold Laski, The Germans - are they Human? (London, 1941)。
[26]对这些问题的综述，见Richard J. Evans, Rethinking German History: Nineteenth-Century Germany and the Origins of the Third Reich (London, 1987)，尤其是第1-54页。John C.G. Rohl编辑的From Bismarck to Hitler: The Problem of Continuity in German History(London, 1970)是一部出色的文件精选集，并附有评论。我在大学本科期间对这些争议的了解，来自John L. Snell编辑的The Nazi Revolution - Germany's Guilt or Germany's Fate? (Boston, 1959)，这是一部实用的文摘简编。
[27]这句话甚至适用于被第三帝国驱逐的德国人的著作中那些较为精深的作品，比如Hans Kohnd的著作，尤其是The Mind of Germany: The Education of a Nation (London,1961)，以及Peter Viereck, Metapolitics: From the Romantics to Hitler (New York, 1941)。
[28]Keith Bullivant, ‘Thomas Mann and Politics in the Weimar Republic’，辑录于该作者编辑的Culture and Society in the Weimar Republic (Manchester, 1977)第14-38页；Taylor, The Course , 92-3。
[29]Gerhard Ritter, ‘The Historical Foundations of the Rise of National-Socialism’，收录于Maurice Beaumont等人合著的The Third Reich: A Study Published under the Auspices of the International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies with the Assistance of UNESCO (New York, 1955) , 381-416；同作者的Europa und die deutsche Frage:Betrachtungen über die geschichtliche Eigenart des deutschen Staatsgedankens (Munich,1948)；Christoph Cornelissen, Gerhard Ritter: Geschichtswissenschaft und Politik im 20.Jahrhundert (Düsseldorf, 2001)；Ritter早在1937年就提出过此论点，当时论证时较少使用负面语词（出处同前，524-30）。各种其他观点参见Hans Kohn编辑的German History: Some New German Views (Boston, 1954)。德国历史学家Ludwig Dehio早先曾试图打破这种模式，但只取得了部分成功，其著作Germany and World Politics (London,1959 [1955])依然强调国际因素是首要因素。
[30]见Karl Dietrich Bracher, Die totalit?re Erfahrung (Munich, 1987)和Leonard Shapiro, Totalitarianism(London, 1972)。在论述此问题的其他著作中，Carl J. Friedrich and Zbigniew K.Brzezinski, Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy (New York, 1963)是一部经典的基本理论阐述，评论此书者甚众；Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism (New York,1958)是一部开创性的哲学文本。
[31]Eckard Jesse编辑的Totalitarismus im 20. Jahrhundert (Baden-Baden, 1996)以及Alfons S?llner编辑的Totalitarismus: Eine Ideengeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts (Berlin, 1997)。
[32]进行这样类比的著作，首推Ian Kershaw与Moshe Lewin合编的，汇集了丰硕研究成果的Stalinism and Nazism: Dictatorships in Comparison (Cambridge, 1997)；材料翔实的清晰论述参见Kershaw, The Nazi Dictatorship, 20-46。
[33]Jürgen Steinle, ‘Hitler als “Betriebsunfall in der Geschichte”’, Geschichte in Wissenschaft und Unterricht, 45 (1994), 288-302页对此观点进行了分析。
[34]Karl Dietrich Bracher, Die Aufl?sung der Weimarer Republik: Eine Studie zum Problem des Machtverfalls in der Demokratie (3rd edn., Villingen, 1960 [1955]); idem, et al., Die nationalsozialistische Machtergreifung.
[35]Broszat, Der Staat Hitlers；Broszat等人编辑的Bayern in der NS-Zeit (6 vols., Munich,1977-83)；Peukert, Inside Nazi Germany；对研究进展所做的有益评论，参见Norbert Frei所著简史的最新德文版Der Führerstaat: Nationalsozialistische Herrschaft 1933 bis 1945 (Munich, 2001 [1987]), 282-304。最近有些论者试图否定Broszat著作的权威性，理由是他与同时代的德国历史学家一样，年少时都曾加入希特勒青年团，而且与许多人一同被编入纳粹党的名册（尽管他本人并不知情）。但这些论者无法令人信服，主要因为他们所讨论的，并不是Broszat作为史学家而书写的实际内容（Nicolas Berg,Der Holocaust und die westdeutschen Historiker: Erforschung und Erinnerung ［Cologne,2003］，尤其是第613-15页）。
[36]这方面的研究著作和作品集包括，Robert Gellately与Nathan Stoltzfus合编的Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany (Princeton, 2001)；Michael Burleigh and Wolfgang Wippermann,The Racial State: Germany 1933-1945 (Cambridge, 1991); Henry Friedlander, The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution (Chapel Hill, NC, 1995); Wolfgang Ayass, ‘Asoziale’ im Nationalsozialismus (Stuttgart, 1995); Peter Longerich, Politik der Vernichtung: Eine Gesamtdarstellung der nationalsozialistischen Judenverfolgung (Munich,1998); Ulrich Herbert, Hitler's Foreign Workers: Enforced Foreign Labor in Germany under the Third Reich (Cambridge, 1997 [1985])。
[37]Richard J. Evans, In Hitler's Shadow: West German Historians and the Attempt to Escape from the Nazi Past (New York, 1989)；同一作者的Rituals。
[38]Richard J. Evans, Telling Lies About Hitler: The Holocaust, History, and the David Irving Trial (London, 2002).
[39]Peter Longerich, Der ungeschriebene Befehl: Hitler und der Weg zur ‘Endl?sung’ (Munich,2001), 9-20.
[40]Victor Klemperer, LTI: Notizbuch eines Philologen (Leipzig, 1985 [1946]).
