[103]Robert M.Healey,Jefferson on Religion in Public Education(New Haven,Conn.:Yale University Press, 1962), 183.
[104]Jefferson in Charles Maurice Wiltse,The Jeffersonian Tradition in American Democracy(Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press, 1935), 141.
[105]Quoted in Nathan Reingold,Science in Nineteenth-Century America,a Documentary History(New York:Hill & Wang, 1964), 22.
[106]Healey,Jefferson on Religion in Public Education,63.
[107]同上，151。
[108]Jefferson to George Ticknor,July 16,1823,inThe Writings of Thomas Jefferson,ed.Albert Ellery Bergh and Andrew A. Lipscomb, 20 vols. (Washington, D.C.: Jefferson Memorial Association, 1903-1904), 15:455.
[109]For the recruitment of European professors,see Dumas Malone,The Sage of Monticello,6 vols.(Boston:Little,Brown,1981),6:397-422;Nicolas Dufief,Nature Displayed in Her Mode of Teaching Language to Man(Philadelphia:L.Plowman,1804).
[110]AHQ, 107.
[111]Julia Luisa Abramson,Learning from Lying:Paradoxes of the Literary Mystification(Newark:University of Delaware Press, 2005).
[112]Poe,“Von Jung(Mystification), ”inThe Collected Works of Edgar Allan Poe,3 vols.,ed.Thomas Ollive Mabbott (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969-1978), 2:296.
[113]Poe to Allan, Sept. 21, 1826, in Ostrom, 1:6.
[114]Miles George to E. V. Valentine, May 18, 1880; AHQ, 108.
[115]AHQ, 104.
[116]码，英美制长度单位，1码等于3英尺，合0.9144米。——编者注
[117]Silverman,Mournful,34.
[118]George to Valentine, May 18, 1880; AHQ, 108.
[119]Thomas Goode Tucker to Douglass Sherley,April 5,1880,in Woodberry,Life,1:33,andTPL,69-70.
[120]Theodore Pease Stearns,“A Prohibitionist Shakes Dice with Poe, ”Outlook,Sept.1,1920,25-26,inTPL，71-72.
[121]Poe,“William Wilson, ”Gift for 1840,245.
[122]Poe to Allan, Jan. 3, 1831, in Ostrom, 1:58-63; AHQ, 110-11.
[123]T.H.Ellis,Richmond Standard,May 7,1881,in TPL,75.
[124]Ellis，“Edgar Allan Poe, ” 2.
[125]Poe，“Song, ” in LOA, 31.
[126]Poe to Allan, March 19, 1827, in Ostrom, 1:10-11.
[127]Allan to Poe, March 20, 1827, quoted in Mary Newton Stanard,Edgar Allan Poe Letters till Now Unpublished in the Valentine Museum,Richmond,Virginia(Philadelphia:J.B.Lippincott,1925),76,inTPL,78.
[128]Allan to his sister,March 27,1827,Ellis-Allan Papers,inTPL,78.
[129]Stearns，“Prohibitionist Shakes Dice with Poe, ” 25-26. On Poe's brief time as a Boston clerk，见Mabbott,Collected Works,1:539。
[130]Susan Jaffe Tane and Gabriel Mckee,Evermore:The Persistence of Poe:The Edgar Allan Poe Collection of Susan Jaffe Tane(New York:Grolier Club,2014);Leon Jackson,“Poe and Print Culture, ”Poe Studies 33, no. 1-2 (2000): 4-9, and “The Italics Are Mine: Edgar Allan Poe and the Semiotics of Print, ” inIlluminating Letters:Typography and Literary Interpretation,ed.Paul C.Gutjahr and Megan L.Benton (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001), 53．目前有12本《帖木儿和其他诗篇》，其中2009年拍卖了一本，拍卖价格创造了历史最高纪录。Frank James，“Poe Book Auctioned for 662,500, New Record, ” NPR.
[131]John Samuel Tieman,“Sergeant Major Edgar Allan Poe, ”International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies 13,no.4(2016):351-66.
[132]同上。
[133]Quinn (AHQ), Silverman (Mournful), and Jeffrey Meyers (Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy [New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1992]) give Poe's army years short shrift; in contrast，见William F. Hecker,Private Perry and Mister Poe:The West Point Poems,1831(Baton Rouge:Louisiana State University Press,2005),and John Thomas Russell,Edgar Allan Poe:The Army Years(West Point,N.Y.:U.S.Military Academy, 1972).
[134]Michael L.Howard,“Seeds of a Soldier:The True Story of Edgar Allan Poe—the Sergeant Major, ”Army Space Journal(Fall 2003):60,56-57.
[135]Hecker(Private Perry and Mister Poe)links Poe's“explosive”poetics to the meticulous attention required as artificer; Benjamin F.Fisher,The Cambridge Introduction to Edgar Allan Poe(Cambridge,U.K.:Cambridge University Press, 2008), 3.
[136]Poe to Allan,Dec.1,1828,Valentine Collection,in Ostrom,1:14-15,andTPL,86.
[137]William Duane,A Handbook for Infantry,9th ed.(Philadelphia:printed for the author,1814),quoted in Howard，“Seeds of a Soldier, ” 60.
[138]Allan to Powhatan Ellis,March 4,1829,Ellis-Allan Papers,inTPL,89.
[139]Bully意为“欺负、霸凌”，Graves是复数形式的“坟墓”，因此原文说“有些不祥”。——译者注
[140]Col. James House, Mar. 30, 1829; AHQ, 135.
[141]Poe，“Alone, ” MS copy, Lucy Holmes Balderston Album, 1826-48, MS 1796, Maryland Historical Society;LOA,60;I.B.Cauthen Jr.,“Poe'sAlone:Its Background,Source,and Manuscript, ”Studies in Bibliography 3(1950/1951):284-91.
[142]J. Howard (lieutenant, First Artillery), letter of recommendation, April 20, 1829, quoted in Kenneth Walter Cameron,“Young Poe and the Army—Victorian Editing, ”ATQ 20,supplement,pt.4(Fall 1973):158,inTPL,90-91.
[143]Colonel James P. Preston to Secretary Eaton, May 13, 1829, quoted in Cameron “, Young Poe, ” 166-77, inTPL,93.
[144]Andrew Stevenson to John Eaton,6 May 1829,inTPL,91.
[145]John Campbell to John Eaton,6 May 1829,inTPL,91.
[146]1832年，威廉·沃特作为反共济会党候选人，参加总统竞选。在切罗基族领导人的要求下，他将对两起最高法院案件展开辩论。这两起事件导致了如何定义印第安人部落主权问题的出现，以及要求部落谈判的对象是联邦政府而非各州。然而，安德鲁·杰克逊无视伍斯特诉佐治亚案，且允许佐治亚州逼迫切罗基人踏上迁徙的“血泪之路”(the Trail of Tears)。Stuart Banner,How the Indians Lost Their Land:Law and Power on the Frontier(Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press, 2005).
[147]Wirt to Poe,May 11,1829,in Stanard,Poe Letters,131-32,inTPL,92.
[148]Poe to Lea, before May 27, 1829, in Ostrom, 1:28.
[149]Poe to Allan, May 29, 1829, in Ostrom, 1:30.
[150]Poe, quoting Allan, to Allan, July 26, 1829, in Ostrom, 1:36.
[151]Neal,in theYankee,and Boston Literary Gazette,Sept.1829,inTPL,98.
[152]“Unpublished Poetry, ”Yankee,Dec.1829,inTPL,100.
[153]Review ofAl Aaraaf,Tamerlane,and Minor Poems,by Poe,American Ladies'Magazine and Literary Gazette(Boston),Jan.1830,inTPL,103.
[154]The Musiad,or,Ninead,a Poem,by Diabolus,Edited by Me(Baltimore,1830),8,quoted in Mabbott, Collected Works,1:541,inTPL,103.
[155]Poe,Al Aaaraaf,Tamerlane,and Minor Poems(Baltimore:Hatch and Dunning,1829),11.
[156]此段译文选用了熊荣斌、彭贵菊的译本，为配合本书原文和译文，本书译者修改了其中部分标点符号。——译者注
[157]Francis Bacon,The New Organon ed. Lisa Jardine and Michael Silverthorne [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000 (1620)], 69.
[158]AHQ, 161.
[159]John Keats,Lamia,Isabella,The Eve of St.Agnes,and Other Poems(London:Taylor and Hessey,1820), 1-46.
[160]Stephen Rachman，“From ‘Al Aaraaf' to the Universe of Stars: Poe, the Arabesque, and Cosmology, ”EAPR 15,no.1(2014):1-19;Jeffrey Einboden,Islam and Romanticism:Muslim Currents from Goethe to Emerson(London:Oneworld,2014),chap.15.
[161]Poe to Isaac Lea, before May 27, 1829, in Ostrom, 1:26-27.
[162]Adam Mosley,Bearing the Heavens:Tycho Brahe and the Astronomical Community of the Late Sixteenth Century(Cambridge,U.K.:Cambridge University Press,2007).
[163]美国著名天体物理学家尼尔·德格拉斯·泰森(Neil deGrasse Tyson)以此为灵感撰写了同名科学反思著作《星际信使》，向伽利略致敬，中文版已由中译出版社引进，于2023年5月出版。——编者注
[164]David Van Leer,“Nature's Book:The Language of Science in the American Renaissance, ”inRomanticism and the Sciences,ed.Andrew Cunningham and Nicholas Jardine(Cambridge,U.K.:Cambridge University Press, 1990), 307-21.
[165]Poe to Graves, May 3, 1830, in Ostrom, 1:54.
[166]John H.Eaton,1830,in Silverman,Mournful,60.
[167]General Regulations for the Army,War Department,1825,No.1337,in Karl E.Oelke，“Poe at West Point—a Revaluation, ”PS 6,no.1(1973):5.
[168]Poe to Allan, June 28, 1830, in Ostrom, 1:56.
[169]George Cullum to Alfred Huidekoper, June 21, 1832, quoted in Oelke，“Poe at West Point, ” 1.
[170]阿尔伯特·丘奇于1828年至1831年，担任西点军校数学助理教授一职，in“Personal Reminiscences”。Twelfth Annual Reunion of the Association of Graduates of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, NY, June 9,1881(East Saginaw,Mich.:E.W.Lyon,1881),151,quoted in Oelke,“Poe at West Point, ”2.
[171]Thayer in Stephen E.Ambrose,Duty,Honor,Country:A History of West Point(Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press, 1966), 42.
[172]Poe to Allan, June 28, 1830, in Ostrom, 1:56.
[173]关于教学第一年用过的课本，最可靠的记录就是the 1831Board of Visitors Report,with its“Synopsis of the Course of Studies...”including the mathematics texts Lacroix,Elements of Algebra,and Legendre,Elements of Geometry；见V.Frederick Rickey,David C.Arney,and Joe Albree,eds.,A Station Favorable to the Pursuits of Science: Primary Materials in the History of Mathematics at the United States Military Academy(Providence:American Mathematical Society,2000);Oelke,“Poe at West Point, ”3。
[174]Charles Dupin,Mathematics Practically Applied to the Useful and Fine Arts,trans.G.Birkbeck(London:C. Tait, 1827)．爱伦·坡可能还记得夏尔·迪潘的哥哥——这位颇为狡猾的政客：安德烈·玛丽·让·雅克·迪潘。John T.Irwin,The Mystery to a Solution:Poe,Borges,and the Analytic Detective Story(Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,1996),341-45;Richard Kopley,Edgar Allan Poe and the Dupin Mysteries(New York:Palgrave Macmillan,2008),96n3.Claudius Berard,“Catalogue of Books Contained in Ten Cases, Lately Received from France, and Sent to the Library of the Military Academy at W-Point by General J. G. Swift, ” hand-written MS, Sept. 15, 1817, USMA Library, Special Collections.
[175]Constance A.Lubbock,The Herschel Chronicle(Cambridge,U.K.:Cambridge University Press,2013), 310;Hervé Faye,Sur l'origine du monde:Théories cosmogoniques des anciens et des modernes(Paris:Gauthier-Villars, 1884), 109-11.
[176]这不朽名言似乎源自弗朗西斯科·安托马基。Mémoires du docteur F.Antommarchi;ou,Les derniers momens de Napoléon,2 vols.(Paris:Barrois L'Ainé,1825),1:282.
[177]Thomas Fleming,West Point:The Men and Times of the United States Military Academy,2nd ed.(New York: Morrow, 1969), 201; Christopher J. Phillips，“An Officer and a Scholar: Nineteenth-Century West Point and the Invention of the Blackboard, ”History of Education Quarterly 55,no.1(2015):82-108;Michael J. Barany and Donald MacKenzie，“Chalk: Materials and Concepts in Mathematics Research, ”inRepresentation in Scientific Practice Revisited,ed.Catelijne Coopmans et al.(Cambridge,Mass.:MIT Press, 2014), 107-29.
[178]John C. Pemberton to his parents, Sept. 20, 1822, microfilm, Pemberton Family Papers, USMA Library, Special Collections; original at Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Cited in Oelke，“Poe at West Point, ”3n22.
[179]Joseph Henry，“Eulogy on Prof. Alexander Dallas Bache, Late Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey, ”Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1870(Washington,D.C.:Government Printing Office, 1871), 91.
[180]Barbour to Sophia Bache, June 10, 1825, series RU 7053, box 3, A. D. Bache Papers, Smithsonian Institution Archives;discussed in Axel Jansen,Alexander Dallas Bache:Building the American Nation Through Science and Education in the Nineteenth Century(Frankfurt:Campus,2011),59.
[181]Poe to Allan, Nov. 6, 1830, in Ostrom, 1:57.
[182]Thomas W.Gibson,“Poe at West Point, ”Harper's New Monthly Magazine,Nov.1867,754,inTPL,109.
[183]Timothy Pickering Jones interview,New York Sun,May 10,1903;Woodberry,Life,1:369,andTPL,107.
[184]Allan B.Magruder,April 23,1884,quoted in Woodberry,Life,1:70,andTPL,107.
[185]Gibson,“Poe at West Point, ”754,inTPL,108.
[186]George Cullum to his sister, Feb. 14, 1833, USMA Library, Special Collections, quoted in Oelke，“Poe at West Point, ” 4.
[187]Oelke，“Poe at West Point, ” 4.
[188]同上，1-2。
[189]Gibson,“Poe at West Point, ”755,inTPL,109.
[190]Gibson,“Poe at West Point, ”754,inTPL,109.
[191]Poe to Allan, Nov. 6, 1830, in Ostrom, 1:57-58.
[192]Poe to Allan, Jan. 3, 1831, in Ostrom, 1:58-63.
[193]“Register of Merit, No. 1, 1817 to 1835, ” USMA Library, Special Collections, quoted in Oelke，“Poe at West Point, ” 2.
[194]John Henry Eaton，“Military Academy Order, No. 7, ” Washington, Feb. 8, 1831, USMA Library, Special Collections, Post Order Book no. 5, 1827-39.
[195]David E. Hale to Sarah Josepha Hale, Feb. 10, 1831; AHQ, 171.
[196]Eugene L.Didier,The Poe Cult and Other Poe Papers(New York:Broadway,1909),224-25,inTPL,115.
[197]AHQ, 174.
[198]William H.Goetzmann,Exploration and Empire:The Explorer and the Scientist in the Winning of the American West(New York:Knopf,1966).
[199]Alfred D.Chandler Jr.,The Visible Hand(Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1993);Captain William V. Judson, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army，“The Services of Graduates as Explorers, Builders of Railways,Canals,Bridges,Light-Houses,Harbours,and the Like(1886), ”inThe Centennial of the United States Military Academy at West Point,New York,1802-1902(U.S.Military Academy,1904),1:835-74.
[200]Poe，“Tamerlane, ” LOA, 27.
[201]Poe to Allan,Feb.21,1831,in Ostrom,1:64,andTPL,115.
[202]Poe to Thayer, March 10, 1831, in Ostrom, 1:55-56; for provenance of this letter，见Ostrom, 2:472n30。
[203]Ledger records,Treasurer of the U.S.Military Academy Thomas J.Leslie,cited in Russell,Army Years, 29-30,inTPL,117;on Poe's finances at West Point，见Silverman,Mournful,67。
[204]General Allan B.Magruder to George E.Woodberry,July 1,1884,quoted in Woodberry,Life,1:78.
[205]Gibson,“Poe at West Point, ”755,inTPL,118.
[206]Review by either George P.Morris or Theodore S.Fay,New-York Mirror,May 7,1831,inTPL,119.
[207]Elam Bliss,review in theMorning Courier and New-York Enquirer,July 8,1831,124,inTPL,120-21.
[208]Poe，“To Helen, ” in LOA, 62.
[209]Poe,“Letter to B——, ”reprinted inSLM 2,no.8(July 1836):501-3.
[210]Floyd Stovall,“Poe's Debt to Coleridge, ”Studies in English,July 8,1930,70-127.
[211]Roberta Sharp,“Poe's Chapters on‘Natural Magic, '”inPoe and His Times:The Artist and His Milieu, ed. Benjamin Franklin Fisher IV (Baltimore: Edgar Allan Poe Society, 1990), 154-66; Laura Saltz，“ ‘Eyes Which Behold':Poe's‘Domain of Arnheim'and the Science of Vision, ”EAPR 7,no.1(2006):4-30.
[212]Poe to William Gwynn, May 6, 1831, in Ostrom, 1:66.
[213]David Gaylin,Edgar Allan Poe's Baltimore(Mount Pleasant,S.C.:Arcadia,2015);Ruth Schwartz Cowan,A Social History of American Technology(New York:Oxford University Press,1997),94-115.
[214]John C.French,“Poe's Literary Baltimore, ”Maryland Historical Magazine,June 1937,101-12;AHQ, 187n2.
[215]J. Gerald Kennedy,“‘Trust No Man': Poe, Douglass, and the Culture of Slavery, ”inRomancing the Shadow: Poe and Race, ed. J. Gerald Kennedy and Liliane Weissberg (New York: Oxford University Press,2001),225-57.For Douglass's time in Baltimore,see Frederick Douglass,Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass,an American Slave,Written by Himself(Boston:Anti-Slavery Office,1845),26-50;David Blight,Frederick Douglass:Prophet of Freedom(New York:Simon&Schuster,2018),48-66.
[216]Aziz Rana,The Two Faces of American Freedom(Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,2011);Reynolds,Waking Giant.
[217]Rusert,Fugitive Science,40-44.
[218]Christine Leigh Heyrman,Southern Cross:The Beginnings of the Bible Belt(Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press, 1998).
