[842]Fran?ois Azouvi，“Sens et fonction épistémologiques de la critique du magnétisme animal par les Académies, ”Revue d'histoire des sciences 29, no. 2 (1976): 123-42; Tresch,Romantic Machine, 31-48.
[843]托马斯·卡莱尔的妻子简，在与她不情愿地伸出手握手时，一个低级别磁化器产生了电流，她大吃一惊，简直不敢相信。Robin Waterfield,Hidden Depths:The Story of Hypnosis(New York:Routledge, 2003), 161.
[844]Practical Magnetizer,History and Philosophy of Animal Magnetism,5.Chauncy Hare Townshend,Facts in Mesmerism or Animal Magnetism:With Reasons for a Dispassionate Inquiry into It(Boston:Charles C. Little and James Brown, 1841).
[845]Poe,“Phreno-Magnetism, ”American Phrenological Journal and Miscellany 8, no. 4 (1846). Schmit,“Re-visioning, ” n36.
[846]可以对应中文的“秋老虎”“小阳春”，指秋冬一段反常的高温干燥天气。——编者注
[847]Poe,“A Tale of the Ragged Mountains, ”Godey's Lady's Book 28,no.4,April 1844,177-181．关于作为殖民主义寓言的故事，见Kennedy，“Mania for Composition”；就迷幻性及印刷尺寸，见Emily Ogden,Credulity:A Cultural History of US Mesmerism(Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2018);on its chiasmic structure，见Richard Kopley，“Poe's Pym-esque ‘A Tale of the Ragged Mountains, '” in Fisher,Poe and His Times,167-77。
[848]Poe,“A Chapter on Autography, ”pt.1,Graham's,Nov.1841,224-34.
[849]坡关于物质流体几乎与精神无异的概念，呼应了当代关于乙醚的理论（假设这种看不见的物质携带光、热和电磁力）以及文艺复兴时期关于第五元素的观点，马西利奥·菲奇诺将其描述为“非常微妙的身体；好似它不是身体，几乎是灵魂。或者说，好似它不是灵魂，几乎是身体。”De Triplici Vita 3.3,in D.P.Walker,Spiritual and Demonic Magic from Ficino to Campanella(London:Warburg Institute, 1958), 13.
[850]Robert Chambers,Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (London: John Churchill, 1844), first published anonymously.James Secord,Victorian Sensation:The Extraordinary Publication,Reception, and Secret Authorship of“Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation”(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003); “它引起了巨大的轰动；主要是，”本杰明·西利曼说，“因为作者无法被发现。”(American Journal of Science and Arts 19,no.1[April 1845]:191.)关于美国对《遗迹》的接受度，见Numbers,Creation；关于坡和《遗迹》，见Scholnick,Poe's“Eureka, ”and Stamos,Edgar Allan Poe，“Eureka, ”and Scientific Imagination。
[851]Citations ofVestiges refer toVestiges of the Natural History of Creation(New York:Wiley and Putnam, 1845; 2nd American ed., based on 3rd English ed.), 6-19.
[852]Vestiges,15.
[853]同上，235。
[854]This was an oft-quoted phrase from the 1846 follow-up toVestiges,Explanations:A Sequel to“Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation”(New York:Wiley&Putnam,1846),130-31.
[855]Whewell,Astronomy and General Physics,184.
[856]Nichol,Views of the Architecture of the Heavens,22;on the relation between Nichol'sArchitecture and Vestiges,see Secord,Victorian Sensation,58-59;Schaffer,“Science of Progress.”
[857]Joseph Henry,“Notes on a Series of Lectures on Geology, ”Aug.1841,in Numbers,Creation,26n47.
[858]Princeton Review,Jan.1841,in Numbers,Creation,23n37.
[859]James Secord，“Extraordinary Experiment: Electricity and the Creation of Life in Victorian England, ” inThe Uses of Experiment:Studies in the Natural Sciences,ed.David Gooding,Trevor Pinch,and Simon Schaffer (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 337-83.
[860]Vestiges,272.
[861]“Critical Notices:Vestiges, ”American Review:A Whig Journal of Politics,Literature,Art,and Science 1，no. 2 (Feb. 1845): 215.
[862]Vestiges,155-61.
[863]Albert A.Dod,“Vestiges of Creation, ”inEssays,Theological and Miscellaneous,Reprinted from the“Princeton Review”(New York:Wiley and Putnam,1847),410;originally published as“Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, ”Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review 17,no.4(1845):505-57.
[864]James Dwight Dana,quoting Silliman,American Journal of Science and Arts 49,no.1(April 1845):191.
[865]Poe,“George B.Cheever, ”in“The Literati of New York City Part II, ”Godey's Lady's Book,June 1846, 267-68.
[866]Cheever,inVestiges,xix.
[867]Bowen,“A Theory of Creation, ”North American Review 60(April 1845):427;discussion in Numbers,Creation,31-32.
[868]Tayler Lewis,review ofVestiges of the Natural History of Creation,American Review 1(May 1845), 525-28, 539-42.
[869]Adam Sedgwick, letter to Charles Lyell, April 9, 1845, John Willis Clark and Thomas McKenny Hughes,The Life and Letters of the Reverend Adam Sedgwick(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1890),2 vols., 2:83-85.
[870]Whelpley,American Review 3(April 1846),in Numbers,Creation,35n19.
[871]Review ofVestiges,Broadway Journal 1(Jan.1845):52-53,in Scholnick,Poe's“Eureka, ”34.
[872]Joel Benton,“Poe's Opinion of‘The Raven, '”Forum 22(Feb.1897):733,inTPL,495-96.
[873]Donald G.Mitchell,American Lands and Letters,2 vols.(New York:Scribners,1898-99),2:387,inTPL, 484.
[874]Poe,“The Raven, ”The American Review:A Whig Journal of Politics,Literature,Art and Science(Feb. 1845);Thomas and Jackson's reconstruction of the publication sequence and reception inTPL,496-97.
[875]此段译文选用了曹明伦的译本。——译者注
[876]Poe，“The Raven, ” LOA, 81-86.
[877]On the influence of Francis Quarles'sEmblems in the antebellum United States，见Alan Wallach,“TheVoyage of Life as Popular Art, ”Art Bulletin 59,no.2(1977):234-41;T.O.Beachcroft,“Quarles and the Emblem Habit, ”Dublin Review 28(Jan.-June 1931):80-96。On Poe,Quarles,and Renaissance arts of memory，见Engel,Early Modern Poetics。
[878]Richard Kopley and Kevin J. Hayes，“Two Verse Masterworks: ‘The Raven' and ‘Ulalume, '” in Hayes,Cambridge Companion,191-204.
[879]“The Poetics of Whiteness:Poe and the Racial Imaginary, ”in Kennedy and Weissberg,Romancing the Shadow,41-74．论坡的物质与精神、身体与心灵的相互作用，以及它们与认识论和内战前等级制度的关系，详见Dayan,Fables of Mind;“Amorous Bondage”。“Poe,Persons,and Property, ”American Literary History 11,no.3(1999):405-25;David Leverenz,“Spanking the Master:Mind-Body Crossings in Poe's Sensationalism, ”in Kennedy,Historical Guide to Edgar Allan Poe,95-127;Lee,“Absolute Poe.”
[880]Alexander T. Crane, who worked in the office ofThe Broadway Journal, quoted in Mukhtar Ali Isani,“Reminiscences of Poe by an Employee of the Broadway Journal, ”PS 6,no.2(1973):33-34,inTPL,500.
[881]Notice ofAmerican Review,probably Horace Greeley,inNew York Daily Tribune,Feb.3,1845,inTPL, 498.
[882]James Brooks inMorning Express,Feb.5,1845,inTPL,499.
[883]Briggs to Lowell,Feb.6,1845,inTPL,499-500.
[884]“The Owl: A Capital Parody on Mr. Poe's Raven, ”Evening Mirror, Feb. 17, 1845, inTPL, 503-4;Snarles,“A Vision, ”New World, April 19, 1845, inTPL, 527; C. C. Cooke,“The Gazelle (After the Manner of Poe's‘Raven'), ”Evening Mirror,April 29,1845,inTPL,528;“The Whippoorwill:A Parody on Mr. Poe's‘Raven, '”Evening Mirror, May 30, 1845, inTPL, 535;“Turkey, ”Boston Jester, June 1845,inTPL,541.
[885]Lincoln to Andrew Johnston,April 18,1846,inThe Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln,ed.Roy P. Basler,8 vols.(New Brunswick,N.J.:Rutgers University Press,1953-55),1:377-79,inTPL,635.
[886]Recollection ca.Feb.1845 of Charles F.Briggs in“The Personality of Poe, ”Independent,Dec.13,1877, 1-2,inTPL,497.
[887]Henry T.Tuckerman,“A Memoir of the Author, ”in John W.Francis,Old New York(New York:W.J. Widdleton,1866),lxxix-lxxx,inTPL,498.
[888]Smith quoted in J. C. Derby,Fifty Years Among Authors, Books, and Publishers (New York: G. W. Carleton,1884),547-48,inTPL,497.
[889]“The Craven:BY POH! ”(advertisement),Evening Mirror,March 25,1845,inTPL,521.
[890]Poe to Thomas,May 4,1845,in Ostrom,1:505,inTPL,530-31.
[891]Lowell，“Our Contributors: Edgar Allan Poe.”这也是美国科学界贝奇、亨利和皮尔斯面临的同样问题——正如坡在他对一份新的国家期刊的呼吁中所认识到的那样；同时，这也驱使他们为美国科学寻求一个国家框架。
[892]The process of creating Poe as an author appearing fully formed is brilliantly analyzed in McGill，“Literary Nationalism”; Jackson，“Rage for Lions.”
[893]Joseph Evans Snodgrass,Baltimore Saturday Visiter,Jan.25,1845,inTPL,494.
[894]Margaret Fuller,New York Daily Tribune,Jan.24,1845．甚至他的画像也对她说话：“脸的下半部分是批评家的脸——冷酷、坚硬、自足；而上半部分，特别是眉毛，表达了丰富的感情和柔情”，详见TPL,491-92。
[895]Evert A.Duyckinck,Morning News,Jan.25,1845,inTPL,493-94.
[896]McGill,Culture of Reprinting,288.
[897]Evert A.Duyckinck,Morning News,Jan.18,1845,inTPL,489-90.
[898]Poe,“Imitation—Plagiarism, ”Evening Mirror,Feb.15,1845,inTPL,502.
[899]Poe,“Some Secrets of the Magazine Prison-House, ”Broadway Journal,Feb.15,1845,103-4.
[900]Poe to Mathews, March 15, 1844, in Ostrom, 1:429; also in Richard，“Poe and ‘Young America.'”
[901]Briggs showed Poe's reviews of Horne and Barrett to Duyckinck for improvements, before he published them inThe Broadway Journal,inTPL,479-80.
[902]Poe to Duyckinck, Feb. 18, 1845, in Ostrom, 1:486; Ezra Greenspan，“Evert Duyckinck and the History of Wiley and Putnam's Library of American Books,1845-1847, ”American Literature 64,no.4(1992):677-93.
[903]The Arts Association occupied the library's top floors and displayed Thomas Cole's four-partVoyage of Life.
[904]Evert Duyckinck,Morning News,Feb.28,1845,inTPL,407.
[905]Evert Duyckinck,Morning News,March 1,1845,inTPL,509.
[906]Willis,Evening Mirror,Feb.27,1845,inTPL,507.
[907]Duyckinck,Morning News,March 8,1845,inTPL,509.
[908]Daily Tribune,March 1,1845,inTPL,508.
[909]Daily Atlas,March 3,1845,inTPL,513.
[910]Evening Transcript,March 5,1845,inTPL,513.
[911]Freeman,Field of Blood.
[912]Tomc,“Poe and His Enemies”;Perry Miller,The Raven and the Whale;Sidney P.Moss,Poe's Literary Battles:The Critic in the Context of His Literary Milieu(Durham,N.C.:Duke University Press,1963)
[913]Poe,review ofThe Waif,by Longfellow,Evening Mirror,Jan.13-14,1845,inTPL,486.
[914]Nathaniel Parker Willis to Charles Sumner, Jan. 16(?), 1845, Charles Sumner Correspondence, 1824-74, HOU HD MS Am 1, box 27: 6821-7072, Houghton Library, Harvard University, quoted in Tomc，“Poe's Enemies, ” 567.
[915]Review ofPoems,by Longfellow,Aristidean,April 1845,130-42,inTPL,529.
[916]Poe,“The Magazines, ”Broadway Journal,May 3,1845,285.
[917]Possibly Frances S.Osgood to Sarah Helen Whitman,Jan.7,1846,in Whitman,“Life, ”13,inTPL,616.
[918]Lynch to George W.Eveleth,March 8 and 19,1854,inTPL,484.On Poe in the New York salons,see Anne Boyd Rioux,“Lions and Bluestockings, ”inEdgar Allan Poe in Context,ed.Kevin J.Hayes(Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2013), 129-37.
[919]Poe to Halleck,Jan.20,1846,in Ostrom,1:553,inTPL,618.
[920]Eliza Richards,Gender and the Poetics of Reception in Poe's Circle (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press,2004);Mary Kelley,Private Woman,Public Stage:Literary Domesticity in Nineteenth-Century America,rev.ed.(Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,2002);Cheryl Walker,The Nightingale's Burden:Women Poets and American Culture Before 1900(Bloomington:Indiana University Press, 1982).
[921]Mary Sargeant Gove,Lectures to Women on Anatomy and Physiology,with an Appendix on Water Cure (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1846), 27; Carl J. Guarneri,The Utopian Alternative: Fourierism in Nineteenth-Century America(Ithaca,N.Y.:Cornell University Press,1991);Ann Braude,Radical Spirits:Spiritualism and Women's Rights in Nineteenth-Century America(Bloomington:Indiana University Press, 2001).
[922]Marie Louise Shew,Water-Cure for Ladies: A Popular Work on the Health, Diet, and Regimen of Females and Children,and the Prevention and Cure of Diseases(New York:Wiley and Putnam,1844), 18．该系统是由奥地利的文森特·普里斯尼茨开发的；作为19世纪非传统妇女保健的一部分，就治愈的问题，详见Susan Cayleff,Wash and Be Healed:The Water-Cure Movement and Women's Health (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1987)。
[923]Mary Sargeant Gove Nichols,Mary Lyndon; or, Revelations of a Life:An Autobiography(New York:Stringer & Townsend, 1855), 342; Patricia Cline Cohen，“The ‘Anti-marriage Theory' of Thomas and Mary Gove Nichols:A Radical Critique of Monogamy in the 1850s, ”Journal of the Early Republic 34,no. 1(2014):1-20;Jean L.Silver-Isenstadt,Shameless:The Visionary Life of Mary Gove Nichols(Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002).
[924]Frances S.Osgood,ca.early 1850,quoted in Griswold,“Memoir of the Author, ”inThe Works of the Late Edgar Allan Poe,3 vols.(New York:J.S.Redfield,1850),3:xxxvii;TPL,511-12.
[925]Thomas Dunn English,“Reminiscences of Poe, ”pt.3,New York Independent,Oct.29,1896,1448,inTPL,553.
[926]Frances Sargent Osgood,The Poetry of Flowers and Flowers of Poetry:To Which Are Added,a Simple Treatise on Botany,with Familiar Examples,and a Copious Floral Dictionary(New York:J.C.Riker, 1841).
[927]Osgood, in Mary G. De Jong，“Her Fair Fame: The Reputation of Frances Sargent Osgood, Woman Poet, ”Studies in the American Renaissance(1987):265-83；关于性别化的表达方式和社会性问题，详见Julie Ellison,Delicate Subjects:Romanticism,Gender,and the Ethics of Understanding (Ithaca,N.Y.:Cornell University Press, 1992)。
[928]Poe,“Frances Osgood, ”in“The Literati of New York City Part V, ”Godey's Lady's Book,Sept.1846, 126-33.
[929]一种暗中隐藏深意的诗歌形式，如藏头诗。——译者注
[930]Joanne Dobson,“Sex,Wit,and Sentiment:Frances Osgood and the Poetry of Love, ”American Literature 65, no. 4 (1993): 631-50; Mary De Jong，“ ‘Read Here Thy Name Concealed': Frances Osgood's Poems on Parting with Edgar Allan Poe, ”PS 32,no.1-2(1999):27-36．如果你对奥斯古德和坡的“婚外情”（包括他们的后代）的离奇详细猜测感兴趣的话，请阅读John Evangelist Walsh,Plumes in the Dust:The Love Affair of Edgar Allan Poe and Fanny Osgood(Chicago:Nelson-Hall,1980)。
[931]An unnamed New York correspondent writing on Jan. 7, 1846, in Sarah Helen Whitman, introductory letter toThe Life and Poems of Edgar Allan Poe(New York:W.J.Widdleton,1877),13.
[932]Orson Squire Fowler,American Phrenological Journal(Philadelphia),Sept.1845,inTPL,566-67.10月，富勒得知这个故事是一个发明，并在《肾上腺素学杂志》上刊登了一份撤回声明，称他的错误来自于了解“坡所属的文学团体，包括约瑟夫·C·尼尔，对磁性给予了很多关注”，详见TPL,572-73。
[933]Charles A.Dana,review ofTales,by Poe,Harbinger,July 12,1845,inTPL,550.
[934]Poe citingThe Popular Record of Modern Science in“Marginalia, ”Graham's,March 1848;M200,in Pollin,Brevities,331-33.
[935]Poe,Broadway Journal,Sept.20,1845.
[936]Poe,“Marginalia, ”Godey's Lady's Book,Aug.1845;M130,in Pollin,Brevities,231.
[937]T.D.English,review ofTales,by Poe,Aristidean,Oct.1845,inTPL,587.
[938]Editorial comment on an excerpt of“Mesmeric Revelation”inNew York New World,Aug.3,1844,inTPL, 468；这个故事首次完整出现在Columbian Magazine 2,no.2,Aug.1844,67-70。
[939]Poe,review ofHuman Magnetism,Its Claim to Dispassionate Inquiry,Being an Attempt to Show the Utility of Its Application for the Relief of Human Suffering,by W.Newnham,Broadway Journal,April 5, 1845.
[940]Poe,“The Facts in the Case of M.Valdemar, ”Whig Journal,Dec.1846.
[941]坡将瓦尔德马尔的外貌（正如他有着罗德里克·厄舍的外貌一样）与罗诺克的约翰·伦道夫相提并论，后者是“英雄革命一代”的古怪成员，拥有奴隶，但在死后释放了他们；详见Kennedy,Strange Nation,388-94。
[942]与电报集中传输的关联，详见Adam Frank,“Valdemar's Tongue,Poe's Telegraphy, ”ELH 72,no.3 (2005): 635-62。
[943]Horace Greeley,Daily Tribune,Dec.10,1845,inTPL,603.
[944]Barrett to Poe,April 1846,inTPL,632.
[945]Poe,“Mesmerism in America:Astounding and Horrifying Narrative, ”Sunday Times(London),Jan.4,1846, inTPL,615.
[946]“Mesmerism in America, ”Popular Record of Modern Science,Jan.10,1846,inTPL,617.
