[947]Collyer to Poe,Dec.16,1846,printed inBroadway Journal,Dec.27,1846,inTPL,605.
[948]Poe,Broadway Journal,Dec.20,1846,inTPL,605.
[949]Andrew Jackson Davis,The Magic Staff:An Autobiography(New York:J.S.Brown,1857),317.1846年4月，坡回顾了这两个故事。《催眠启示录》给真正的哲学推测“披上了一层相似的外衣”，《瓦尔德马尔先生病情真相》则“为了效果而在真实性方面做出了更明显的努力”。他说，在第一个故事中，“我相信涉及实际的真理”，而第二个故事，“被广泛抄袭并作为真理接受，甚至不顾我的免责声明”。Poe,Record,April 11,1846,inTPL,631.
[950]Poe,“Marginalia, ”SLM 15,no.6(June 1849);M254,in Pollin,Brevities,393．坡在《尤里卡》中的宇宙学推测——定位在官方科学限制之外并与之对立，将让他与贝奇和亨利的“宇宙政治学”相对立；详见chapter 17 below。
[951]Poe“Marginalia, ”United States Magazine and Democratic Review,Nov.1844;M18,in Pollin,Brevities, 127.
[952]Poe,“The Black Cat, ”United States Saturday Post(Philadelphia),Aug.19,1843,1.
[953]Poe,“Marginalia, ”Graham's,March 1846;M147,in Pollin,Brevities,254.
[954]Poe's“Fifty Suggestions(Part I), ”Graham's Magazine,May 1849,317-19,23.“一个艺术家之所以是艺术家，是因为他对‘美’有微妙精确的感觉，这种感觉给他带来狂喜享受，但这同时也意味着，又或会涉及同样微妙的畸形或不相称的感觉。”
[955]Poe,“Marginalia, ”Graham's,March 1846;M150,in Pollin,Brevities,257-60.
[956]Babbage,Ninth Bridgewater Treatise,119.
[957]就巴贝奇关于思想物质性实验的扩散性影响，详见John M.Picker,Victorian Soundscapes(New York:Oxford University Press,2003),chap.1;for its impact on Poe，见Whalen,Poe and the Masses。
[958]Poe,“The Power of Words, ”United States Magazine and Democratic Review, 26, no. 6, June 1845, 602-04.
[959]Poe，“To——” (“To Marie Louise Shew, ” 1848), in LOA, 88.
[960]Poe to Frederick W. Thomas, May 4, 1845, in Ostrom, 1:504.
[961]Thomas Dunn English,Aristidean,April 1845,inTPL,529.
[962]Poe,“Marginalia, ”Graham's,Sept.1846;M143,in Pollin,Brevities,248.
[963]Poe,“Increase of the Poetical Heresy—Didacticism, ”Evening Mirror,Feb.3,1845,inTPL,498.
[964]Poe,review ofAlciphron:A Poem,by Thomas Moore,Burton's,Jan.1840,53-56.
[965]Poe,“American Prose Writers,No.2:N.P.Willis, ”Broadway Journal,Jan.18,1845,37-38.
[966]Poe,“American Poetry, ”Aristidean,Nov.1845,373-82.
[967]William Sewell,Work and Revolution in France:The Language of Labor from the Old Regime to 1848 (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1980); Tocqueville，“That Almost All the Americans Follow Industrial Callings, ”inDemocracy in America.
[968]Lowell，“Our Contributors: Edgar Allan Poe.”
[969]Wordsworth and Coleridge,Lyrical Ballads,2nd ed.(London:Longman and Rees,1800),xiv.
[970]James Russell Lowell,Conversations on Some of the Old Poets(London:Henry Clarke,1845),51.
[971]Poe,review ofConversations on Some of the Old Poets,by Lowell,Evening Mirror,Jan.11,1845:“认为一个批评家不能写出他所批评的那样的作品，就是提出了一个完全矛盾的说法。”
[972]Daily Tribune,Jan.15,1845,inTPL,488.Briggs wrote to Lowell on Jan.17,1845.“坡对你的《关于一些古代诗人的谈话》是极为赞扬的，确实有品味；都是《纽约每日论坛报》的那个女人（富勒）误会了他的意思。”见TPL,488。
[973]Poe,“Nature and Art, ”Evening Mirror,Jan.17,1845,inTPL,489.
[974]在洛威尔和富勒的推动下，坡正在完善他对柯尔律治将诗歌想象力作为一种奇迹，类似于神圣创造的批评。对坡来言，人类最高超艺术确实类似于神圣创造，但只是因为上帝的手艺是集合了所创之物的材料、构图、构造工艺的完美形式。人与上帝构造之间的这种连续性既证实了坡的“适应的互惠性”的观点（其中，自然界的每一部分都是上帝计划中的原因和结果），也最终证实了他的泛神论，详见Eureka.On Poe,Coleridge,andEureka，见St.Armand,“‘Seemingly Intuitive Leaps'”。
[975]Alexander T.Crane,Omaha Sunday World-Herald,July 13,1902,inTPL,526.
[976]这些反复无常与他的故事中的反转、觉醒和双重性相呼应；至于药物使用，像同时代的人一样，坡无疑将鸦片酊作为一种药物，但没有迹象表明他会习惯性地服用鸦片制剂。Jeffrey Savoye,“Edgar Allan Poe, Drugs, and Alcohol, ” Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore，见eapoe.org。
[977]“在19世纪的前30多年中，人均酒精消费量增加了3倍。因此，到19世纪30年代，重度酒精爱好者每天都要消费近半品脱的蒸馏酒精。”Amanda Claybaugh,“Temperance, ”inAmerican History Through Literature, 1820-1870, ed. Janet Gabler-Hover and Robert Sattlemeyer (Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons,2006),1152-58;Mark Lender and James Martin,Drinking in America:A History(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987).
[978]Chivers inChivers'Life of Poe,ed.Richard Beale Davis(New York:E.P.Dutton,1952),39-52,inTPL, 538.
[979]Lynch to Poe,June 27,1845,inTPL,542.
[980]Lowell to G. W. Woodberry, March 12, 1884; AHQ, 461.
[981]Clemm to Lowell, March 9, 1850; AHQ, 461-62.
[982]Chivers,Life,39-52;TPL,538.
[983]James Russell Lowell,A Fable for Critics(New York:George P.Putnam,1848),78.
[984]Poe,review ofA Fable for Critics,by Lowell,SLM 15,no.3(March 1849):189-91．在这篇1849年的评论中，坡反对的不是洛威尔的观点，而是其强硬程度：洛厄尔“对奴隶制的狂热仅仅是同一种与生俱来的刚愎自用的局部爆发；这也就是说，如果他拥有奴隶的话，他就会残暴虐待这些奴隶，以及谋杀任何试图让他们自由的废奴主义者”。据惠伦说，坡认为，这种“狂热主义”，无论是支持或是反对奴隶制，都干扰了国家层面不堪一击的政治“中立性”，“进入国家文学市场就意味着他对当时重大政治与社会斗争置之不理。”Whalen,Poe and the Masses,138.
[985]Briggs to Lowell,June 27,1845,inTPL,542.
[986]Poe to Duyckinck,June 26,1845,in Ostrom,1:512,inTPL,542.
[987]T.D.English,“A Card:Mr.English's Reply to Mr.Poe, ”Evening Mirror,June 23,1846,inTPL,540.
[988]Chivers,Life,61,inTPL,545.
[989]InBroadway Journal,April 5,1845,inTPL,523-24.
[990]Edward J.Thomas to Poe,July 5,1845,inTPL,547.
[991]inTPL,547.
[992]Evening Mirror,July 12,1845,inTPL,550.
[993]AHQ,751-52,andTPL,551.
[994]The note by Evert Duyckinck,quoted in James B.Reece,Poe and the New York Literati,PhD thesis,Duke University,1954,95,inTPL,559.
[995]William Mentzel Forrest,Biblical Allusions in Poe(New York:Macmillan,1928);Kenneth Alan Hovey,“Poe's Materialist Metaphysics of Man, ”in Carlson,Companion to Poe Studies,347-66.
[996]On philosophical dimensions of Poe's perverseness，见Stanley Cavell，“Being Odd, Getting Even, ” in Rosenheim and Rachman,American Face of Edgar Allan Poe,3-36。波德莱尔认为，坡的最终死亡“几乎是一次自杀，一次准备了很长时间的自杀，”详见“Edgar Poe,sa vie et ses oeuvres, ”Revue de Paris,no.6(March 1852):138-56。
[997]Poe to Neilson Poe,Aug.8,1845,in Ostrom,1:515,inTPL,559.
[998]Announced in Boston'sEvening Transcript,Sept.30,1845,inTPL,572.
[999]Thomas Wentworth Higginson,“Short Studies of American Authors, II: Poe, ”Boston Literary World, March 15,1879,89,inTPL,577-78.
[1000]Daily Evening Traveller,Oct.17,1845,inTPL,578.
[1001]Thomas Wentworth Higginson,“Short Studies of American Authors,II:Poe, ”Literary World,March 15, 1879,inTPL,578.
[1002]Joseph T.Buckingham inBoston Courier,Oct.18,1845,inTPL,579.
[1003]Cornelia Wells Walter,Evening Transcript,Oct.18,1845,inTPL,579.
[1004]Broadway Journal,Oct.25,1845,inTPL,581.
[1005]Walter,Evening Transcript,Oct.30,1845,inTPL,584.
[1006]Poe,“Boston and the Bostonians, ”Broadway Journal, Nov. 1, 1845, in Harrison,Complete Works, 13:9-13.
[1007]Henry Norman Hudson to Duyckinck,Nov.24,1845,inTPL,594;coverage in national press includedUnited States Journal(Washington,D.C.),Oct.22,1845,inTPL,584.
[1008]Walt Whitman,“Broadway Sights, ”inSpecimen Days&Collect(Philadelphia:Rees Welsh,1882),17,inTPL,597.
[1009]Poe to Chivers,Nov.15,1845,in Ostrom,1:535,inTPL,590-91.
[1010]Poe,“Editorial Miscellany, ”Broadway Journal,Dec.6,1845,inTPL,603.
[1011]Thomas Dunn English,“Reminiscences of Poe, ”Independent 48,no.2498,Oct.15,1896,1381,inTPL, 606.
[1012]English，同上。
[1013]Walter,Evening Transcript,Jan.2,1846,inTPL,614.
[1014]T.D.English,“Reminiscences of Poe, ”pt.3,New York Independent,Oct.29,1896,1448.
[1015]英格利希继续骄傲地说道：“我的小拇指上刚好戴着一个沉重的印章戒指，我不小心割伤了他，伤得很重，而且还把戒指里的宝石弄碎了，那是一颗由洛瓦特切割的凹雕宝石，我很重视它。”(同上)
[1016]Poe,“A Chapter of Suggestions, ”Opal(1845),in Pollin,Brevities,465-47.
[1017]The salubrious setting is described by health reformer Mary Gove Nichols，“Reminiscences of Edgar Poe, ”Sixpenny Magazine(London),Feb.1,1863,471,inTPL,644.
[1018]此处的“蓝色王国”或与前文中的“蓝长袜们”相对应。——编者注
[1019]Hewitt to Poe,April 15,1846,inTPL,634.
[1020]Richard Henry Stoddard,Recollections,Personal and Literary(New York:A.S.Barnes,1903),151,inTPL,585.
[1021]Broadway Journal,April 12,1845;other 1845 commentary onVestiges in The Broadway Journal:Jan. 25, May 15, Aug. 30, Dec. 6.
[1022]Simon Schaffer,“On Astronomical Drawing, ”inPicturing Science, Producing Art, ed. Peter Galison and Caroline Jones (New York: Routledge, 1998), 441-74; Michael Hoskin，“Rosse, Robinson, and the Resolution of the Nebulae, ”Journal for the History of Astronomy 21,no.4(1990):331-44;Omar Nasim,Observing by Hand:Sketching the Nebulae in the Nineteenth Century(Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2014).
[1023]Rosse, March 19, 1846, in Schaffer，“On Astronomical Drawing, ” 46．约翰·赫歇尔是怀疑罗斯关于星云可分辨性说法的人之一。尽管赫歇尔基于神学理由及对天文学范围（应该避免“首先和最后的事情”）的反叛，对星云假说怀有敌意，但他会辩护父亲的星云测绘和检查计划。Schaffer,“Science of Progress, ” 137-38.
[1024]Explanations,6.
[1025]同上，124-26。
[1026]Brewster,North British Review 4 (Feb. 1846): 487-504. Brewster's review ofVestiges a year earlier (North British Review 3[Aug.1845]:470-515)“was later included in many of the American editions ofVestiges”(Robert Chambers,Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation and Other Evolutionary Writings, ed. James Secord [Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994], 228); Secord includes a remarkable bibliography of published replies toVestiges and Explanations.
[1027]Asa Gray,North American Review 63(1846):506.
[1028]Henry,May 6,1846,inPapers of Joseph Henry,6:281．关于亨利在普林斯顿的神学同事中对《遗迹》的接受情况，详见Bradley J.Gundlach,Process and Providence:The Evolution Question at Princeton,1845-1929(Grand Rapids,Mich.:Wm.B.Eerdmans,2013)。
[1029]J.H.Allen,Christian Examiner 40(May 1846):334-35,344．一些美国知名科学人士一直支持Vestiges，其中一位就是地质学家亨利·达尔文·罗杰斯，他在1845年告诉他的兄弟，称《遗迹》“与我在讲课时勾勒的观点非常吻合”(in Numbers,Creation,34n17)。
[1030]Francis Bowen,North American Review 60(April 1845):426-78.
[1031]William H.Allen,Methodist Quarterly Review 28(April 1846):295.
[1032]John S.Dwight,review ofThe Raven,by Poe,Harbinger(West Roxbury,Mass.),Dec.6,1845,inTPL,602.
[1033]T.D.English,review ofThe Raven,by Poe,Aristidean,Nov.1845,inTPL,599.
[1034]Lawrence Labree,review ofThe Raven,by Poe,New York Illustrated Magazine,Dec.6,1845,inTPL, 602.
[1035]Poe to Philip P.Cooke,Aug.9,1846,in Ostrom,1:595,andTPL,661.
[1036]Poe,“Philosophy of Composition, ”Graham's,April 1846,163-67.
[1037]A timeworn cliché from Philip Sidney's 1594Defence of Poesy(repr.,Cambridge,Mass.:Hilliard,1831).
[1038]Chapter 5 above; Paul Grimstad，“Antebellum AI: ‘Maelzel's Chess-Player' and Poe's Reverse Constraints, ”Poetics Today 31,no.1(2010):107-25.
[1039]坡曾自豪说道，迪潘故事中的“过度吹毛求疵”是“为了达到效果”，“人们认为这很巧妙——是因为方法及其留下的印象。”Poe to Philip P.Cooke,Aug.9,1846,in Ostrom,1:595,inTPL,661.
[1040]Baudelaire,Oeuvres complètes,ed.Claude Pichois,2 vols.(Paris:Gallimard,2005),2:343-342.
[1041]“The Eureka, ”Illustrated London News, July 19, 1845; John Clark, inThe General History and Description of a Machine for Composing Hexameter Latin Verses(Bridgewater:Frederick Wood,1848);Jason David Hall,“Popular Prosody:Spectacle and the Politics of Victorian Versification, ”Nineteenth-Century Literature 62,no.2(2007):222-49;thanks to Thomas Vranken for this discovery.
[1042]英国国歌，当君主为女性时则为《上帝保佑女王》(God Save the Queen)，译者比较欣赏的另一种译法是《天佑吾王》，这就同时涵盖了君主为男性或者女性的情况。——译者注
[1043]Poe，“Philosophy of Composition, ” 163, italics added.
[1044]This was the view Babbage laid out in hisNinth Bridgewater Treatise(written without the approval of theBridgewater authors and against their basic assumptions), using his own calculating engine as an illustration；见chapter 12 above.
[1045]John Carl Miller,Building Poe Biography(Baton Rouge:Louisiana State University Press),99,inTPL, 732.
[1046]Poe on Margaret Fuller,“The Literati of New York City, ”Godey's Lady's Book, June 1846, 72-78;subsequent quotations:on Briggs and Hiram Fuller,Godey's,May 1846;on Clark,Godey's,Sept.1846;and on English,Godey's,June 1846.
[1047]Briggs,Evening Mirror,May 26,1846,inTPL,634.
[1048]T.D.English,“Mr.English's Reply to Mr.Poe, ”Morning Telegraph,June 23,1846,inTPL,648.
[1049]Hiram Fuller,Evening Mirror,July 20,1846,inTPL,656.
[1050]他先把它寄给了《歌迪女士》，而《歌迪女士》不敢出版，他就花钱在其他地方出版了。“Mr. Poe's Reply to Mr.English and Others, ”Spirit of the Times,July 10,1846,inTPL,652.
[1051]Sidney P.Moss,Poe's Major Crisis:His Libel Suit and New York's Literary World(Durham,N.C.:Duke University Press,1970),77,inTPL,656.
[1052]St.Louis Daily Reveille,April 12,1846,inTPL,633-34.
[1053]Snodgrass in theBaltimore Saturday Visiter,April 18,1846,inTPL,635.
[1054]T.D.English,“1844, ”pt.15,Weekly Mirror,Oct.31,1846,inTPL,668.
[1055]“Epitaph on a Modern‘Critic, '”Knickerbocker,Nov.1846,inTPL,669.
[1056]Simms to Poe,July 30,1846,inTPL,660.
[1057]Poe，“Annabel Lee” (1849), in LOA, 102-3.
[1058]Poe,“The Sphinx, ”Arthur's Ladies'Magazine,Jan.1846,15-16.
[1059]1847年，麦加暴发的疫情导致1.5万人死亡；1848年，该疾病袭击柏林、巴黎和伦敦；1849年，该疾病在美国肆虐。Rosenberg,Cholera Years,101.
[1060]Nichols,Mary Lyndon,342,inTPL,669.
[1061]Nichols,Reminiscences,12-13,inTPL,669.
[1062]关于休有关坡惊人的收藏品，见Miller,Building Poe Biography,88-145；坡晚年给她写了一首美好的诗，“To——, ” in LOA, 88。
[1063]The Morning Express,Dec.15,1846,inTPL,672.
[1064]Hiram Fuller,Evening Mirror,Dec.16,1846,inTPL,673.
[1065]Walt Whitman,Brooklyn Daily Eagle,Dec.18,1846,inTPL,673.
[1066]Nathaniel Willis,“Hospital for Disabled Labourers with the Brain, ”New York Home Journal,Dec.26, 1846,inTPL,674.
[1067]Hiram Fuller,Evening Mirror,Dec.26,1846,inTPL,675.
[1068]John Edward Reilly,“Ermina's Gales:The Poems Jane Locke Devoted to Poe, ”inPapers on Poe:Essays in Honor of John Ward Ostrom,ed.Richard P.Veler (Springfield, Ohio: Chantry Music Press,1972), 206-20,inTPL,674.
[1069]Cornelia Wells Walter,Bostonian,Dec.26,1846,inTPL,675-76.
[1070]Walter,Evening Transcript,Dec.31,1846,inTPL,677-78.
[1071]Poe to Willis,Dec.30,1846,published in theHome Journal,Jan.9,1847,in Ostrom,1:612.
[1072]Richard Fusco,“Poe and the Perfectibility of Man, ”Poe Studies/Dark Romanticism 19,no.1(1986):1-6;in a review of an essay on human perfectibility inBurton's(July 1839,58),Poe disparaged the“eloquent madness of Turgot,Price,Priestly[sic],Condorcet,and de Stael”—an identical list(with the exception of de Sta?l) to that of the philosophers Ellison prefers.
[1073]Poe,“The Domain of Arnheim, ”Columbian Magazine,March 1847,125.
[1074]同上。Poe's angels as an “amalgam of Neoplatonic, Gnostic, and Islamic attributes” in pursuit of “cosmic wonder, ”William E.Engel,“Fantastic Places,Angelic Spaces, ”in Phillips,Poe and Place,169-92.
[1075]这篇文章回顾了在《失窃的信》中警察局长对部长房间的检查情况，这使他的搜查水平降低到了一般思想家的水平。
[1076]Poe，“Domain of Arnheim, ” 127.
[1077]The 1842 version of the tale，“The Landscape Garden, ” ends with the explanation of Ellison's theories; the 1847 version describes the result, the Domain of Arnheim, the artwork that applies them.
[1078]Poe，“Domain of Arnheim, ” 127-29.
[1079]Lorraine Daston and Katharine Park,Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150-1750 (New York:Zone Books,1998);M.H.Abrams,Natural Supernaturalism:Tradition and Revolution in Romantic Literature (New York: W.W.Norton, 1971); Pamela Smith,The Body of the Artisan:Art and Experience in the Scientific Revolution(Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2018);Ann-Deborah Lévy-Bertherat,L'artifice romantique:De Byron à Baudelaire(Paris:Klincksieck,1994).
