[1175]Sally Kohlstedt,“Creating a Forum for Science:AAAS in the Nineteenth Century, ”inThe Establishment of Science in America:150 Years of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,ed.Sally Kohlstedt, Michael Mark Sokal, and Bruce V. Lewenstein (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1999), 7-49.
[1176]Maury's oceanography had already earned recognition from the BAAS, Arago, and Humboldt, and a favorable review from Poe.
[1177]On clashes between Maury and Bache，见Steven J. Dick,Sky and Ocean Joined: The US Naval Observatory, 1830-2000 (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2003); Walls,Passage to Cosmos,142-45;and Grady,Matthew Fontaine Maury,96-98,112-17。
[1178]Dana Nelson,National Manhood: Capitalist Citizenship and the Imagined Fraternity of White Men (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1998), which examines nineteenth-century scientific sociability in part through Christopher Newfield's compelling concept of“corporate individualism, ”inThe Emerson Effect:Individualism and Submission in America(Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1996).“丐团”一词有效描述了贝奇在19世纪50年代初形成的小团体，尽管这个团体的一致性和持久性可能会被高估。Mark Beach,“Was There a Scientific Lazzaroni? , ”inNineteenth-Century American Science:A Reappraisal,ed.Nathan Reingold and George Daniels(Evanston,Ill.:Northwestern University Press, 1972), 115-32.
[1179]Kohlstedt,Formation of the American Scientific Community,96.
[1180]Draft copy of AAAS address,n.d.,for outgoing Presidential Address,1851,quoted in Kohlstedt,Formation of the American Scientific Community,109；见Jansen,Alexander Dallas Bache,238-47.
[1181]诺特和彼得·布朗尼在查尔斯顿发表演讲，利用莫顿的头骨、格利登的木乃伊和头发样本；阿加西提供了虔诚的支持。在会议记录出版时，亨利决定使用史密森尼学会的出版社出版关于藻类的书籍，而不是布朗关于毛发的研究；贝奇在谈到布朗的演讲和阿加西兹的回应时说道：“会议结束时的讲话实在太受欢迎了，不需要印刷出来。”(Bache to Lewis Gibbes, May 30, 1850, Lewis Gibbes Papers,Library of Congress,quoted in Stanton,Leopard's Spots,154);Kohlstedt(Formation of the American Scientific Community,112-13)describes Bache steering Agassiz away from race science to avoid public excitement and controversy;Lurie,Agassiz,260,257-71.
[1182]Poe,“The Colloquy of Monos and Una, ”Graham's,Aug.1841,52-54.
[1183]Poe to Clemm, July 7, 1849, in Ostrom, 2:820.
[1184]Poe to Nathaniel Willis, Jan. 22, 1848, Ostrom, 2:359.
[1185]Sarah Helen Whitman,New York Home Journal,March 18,1848,in John E.Reilly,“Mrs.Whitman's Poems to Poe, ” in “Poe in Imaginative Literature” (PhD diss., University of Virginia, 1965), 187, eapoe . org.
[1186]Lynch to Whitman,March 10,1848,inTPL,728.
[1187]Poe，“To Helen, ” LOA, 95-7.
[1188]Osgood to Whitman,March 26,1848,quoted in Caroline Ticknor,Poe's Helen(New York:C.Scribner's Sons,1916),48,inTPL,729-30.
[1189]John R.Thompson quoted by Thomas Dimmock,“Notes on Poe, ”Century Magazine,June 1895,316,in TPL, 749.
[1190]坡在给玛丽亚·克莱姆的信中提到，前年曾向约翰·蒙库雷·丹尼尔提出挑战，ca. Aug. 28-29, 1849, Ostrom 2:830；丹尼尔自己后来写道：“成千上万的人看到他（即，坡）在这个城市的街道上喝醉了……处于一种接近狂躁的状况。他一尝到酒的味道，就很少停下，直到喝到尽兴为止……他的酒量不过是一种简单疾病——既不是因为快乐，也不是因为兴奋。”Richmond Semi-Weekly Examiner,Oct.19,1849,inTPL,750.
[1191]Thompson,in Dimmock,“Notes, ”316,Richmond Semi-Weekly Examiner,Oct.19,1849,inTPL,750.
[1192]Poe to Whitman, Oct. 1, 1848, in Ostrom, 2:696.
[1193]Poe to Whitman, Oct. 1, 1848, Ostrom, 2:382-91.
[1194]Poe, quoting Whitman's letter back to her, Oct. 1, 1848, in Ostrom, 2:696.
[1195]Poe to Whitman, Oct. 1, 1848, in Ostrom, 2:700.
[1196]一位见多识广的博客作者对南希·里奇蒙德的信件以及包括惠特曼在内的其他记述提出了合理怀疑。这些记述导致了坡的神话中一些更戏剧化方面的出现。对这些情节的明晰重述将最受欢迎，因为这位博客作者对坡整体形象的勾勒——强调哲学深度、理想主义和原则复杂性，是本书所赞同的一点。
[1197]1盎司（常衡）= 28.3495克（金衡）= 31.1035克（药衡）= 28.41毫升（英，液衡）= 29.57毫升（美，液衡）。这里既然是酊剂，则可能是美制的液体容量单位，即29.57毫升。——译者注
[1198]Whitman to J.H.Ingram,Oct.25,1875,inTPL,766.
[1199]Whitman to Ingram,March 20,1874,inTPL,767.
[1200]Whitman to Mary Hewitt, Sept. 25 or 27, 1850; AHQ, 584.
[1201]Whitman to Ingram,March 20,1874,inTPL,767.
[1202]Whitman to Ingram,March 16,1874,inTPL,768.
[1203]Whitman to Hewitt,Sept.27-28,1850;Whitman,“To Arcturus, ”TPL,768.This poem was collected in herHours of Life,and Other Poems(Providence:G.H.Whitney,1853).
[1204]Poe to Whitman, Nov. 24, 1848, in Ostrom, 2:730.
[1205]Poe to Whitman, Dec. 16, 1848, in Ostrom, 2:741.
[1206]Poe as quoted by Mary Hewitt,letter to Sarah Whitman,Oct.2,1850,inTPL,778.
[1207]Whitman to Ingram,July 21,1874,inTPL,767;“Poe and Whitman”.
[1208]Mrs. Whitman recalls her last day with Poe, Dec. 23, 1848, in a letter to Hewitt, Sept. 27-28, 1850, inTPL,780.
[1209]LOA, 98-100.
[1210]New York Home Journal,April 28,1849.1848年春天，坡还在玛丽·路易斯·休的帮助下创作了《钟声》。这首诗将一种不寻常的、重复的节奏与强调并有时延伸其字词传统意义的音乐结合在一起，重现了《乌鸦》的力量——字词的声音“叮叮当当”指向超越它们自身的现实；关于坡诗学中有意为之且古怪的音乐，详见Jerome McGann,The Poetry of Edgar Allan Poe:Alien Angel (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2014), 169-82。
[1211]Poe to Annie Richmond, Jan. 21 (?), 1849, in Ostrom 2:419.
[1212]Poe，“Eldorado, ” LOA, 101.
[1213]Poe to Willis, April 20, 1849, in Ostrom, 2:790-91.
[1214]Poe,“X-ing a Paragrab, ”Flag of Our Union,May 12,1849,2.
[1215]Poe,“Mellonta Tauta, ”Godey's Lady's Book,Feb.1849,133-38.
[1216]Poe to Lowell, July 2, 1844, in Ostrom, 1:449.
[1217]Poe,“Von Kempelen and His Discovery, ”Flag of Our Union,April 14,1849.
[1218]Poe to Duyckinck, March 8, 1849, in Ostrom, 2:786.
[1219]Poe,“Hop-Frog;or,The Eight Chained Ourang-Outangs, ”Flag of Our Union,March 17,1849.
[1220]Poe to F. W. Thomas, May 4, 1845, in Ostrom, 1:504.
[1221]In Dayan's reading，“What Mabbott regards as ‘a terrible exposition of the darkness of a human soul' is Poe's envisioned revenge for the national sin of slavery”; “Amorous Bondage, ” 258．关于坡在奴隶制和帝国战争中对民族良知的探究，详见Kadir Djelal，“Edgar Allan Poe: America's Conscience and Epistemic Anxiety, ”inPoe Alive in the Century of Anxiety,ed.Luisa Juárez(Madrid:Instituto Franklin, 2010), 17-30。
[1222]For related commentary on“Hop-Frog, ”see Levin,Power of Blackness,122;Louis D.Rubin Jr.,The Edge of the Swamp:A Study in the Literature and Society of the Old South(Baton Rouge:Louisiana State University Press, 1989), 183-89. Paul Gilmore associates “Hop-Frog” with Barnum's “What Is It? ”exhibition, featuring the acrobat Harvey Leach as the taxonomically unsettling “wild-man of the prairies, ”inThe Genuine Article: Race, Mass Culture, and American Literary Manhood(Durham,N.C.: Duke University Press, 2001), 106.
[1223]Poe，“Annabel Lee, ” in LOA, 102-3．对西尔弗曼而言，“坡承诺永远记住她少女时的美丽，以及他很高兴能与她一起早逝，安娜贝尔·李代表了他爱过和失去的所有女人”(Mournful,401-2)。
[1224]Clemm to a friend, July 9, 1849; AHQ, 619.
[1225]Recollection of George Lippard, quoted in T. C. Duncan Eaves，“Poe's Last Visit to Philadelphia, ”American Literature 26,no.1(1954):46-47,inTPL,817.
[1226]John Sartain in Silverman,Mournful,416-7.
[1227]Poe to Clemm, July 7, 1849, in Ostrom, 2:820-21.
[1228]Poe to Patterson, July 19, 1849, in Ostrom, 2:828; Aug. 7, 1849, in Ostrom, 2:829-30; Patterson to Poe, Aug. 21, 1849, eapoe . org.
[1229]Silverman,Mournful,97.
[1230]AHQ,624.Temperance Banner announces Poe's initiation,Aug.31,1849,inTPL,830.
[1231]Susan A.T.Weiss,“The Last Days of Edgar A.Poe, ”Scribner's,March 1878,709.
[1232]Royster to Clemm, Sept. 22, 1849; AHQ, 634.
[1233]同上。
[1234]Richmond Whig,Aug.21,1849,inTPL,826.
[1235]Poe,Sartain's Union Magazine,Oct.1850,231-39.
[1236]Poe to Charles Fenno Hoffman,Sept.20,1848,Ostrom 2:380,a letter explaining and defendingEureka.
[1237]Percy Shelley，“To—” (“One word is too often profaned”), in Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley (London: John and Henry L. Hunt, 1824), 200．珀西·雪莱的这首诗采用了一种虔诚的、超脱尘世的爱的形式，是写给简·威廉姆斯的，她的丈夫爱德华·威廉姆斯在1822年与珀西·雪莱一起在意大利海岸沉船淹死。
[1238]Edward V. Valentine, sharing reminiscences of his brother William W. Valentine in letter to J. H. Ingram, Sept.28,1874,inTPL,841.
[1239]Weiss，“Last Days of Poe, ” 712.
[1240]此处指爱伦·坡的妹妹。——作者注
[1241]Poe to Clemm, ca. Aug. 28-29, 1849, in Ostrom, 2:830-31.
[1242]Weiss，“Last Days of Poe, ” 713-14; AHQ, 636.
[1243]Royster to Clemm,Oct.11,1849,inTPL,843.
[1244]AHQ,637;Matthew Pearl,inThe Poe Shadow:A Novel(New York:Random House,2006),argues against this Philadelphia trip, citing a record for a letter sent to Poe from Maria Clemm, received poste restante, which Poe never claimed.
[1245]William Hand Browne to J.H.Ingram,Jan.13,1909,inTPL,844.
[1246]Joseph W.Walker to Snodgrass,Oct.3,1849,inTPL,844.
[1247]Joseph E.Snodgrass,“Death and Burial of Edgar A.Poe, ”Life Illustrated(New York),May 17,1856,24, inTPL,844-45.
[1248]Moran to Clemm,Nov.15,1849,inTPL,846.
[1249]The attending physician, John Moran, described Poe's cries in a letter to Maria Clemm; issues surrounding this report, and other facts pertaining to Poe's death, are critically scrutinized by William T. Bandy in “Dr. Moran and the Poe-Reynolds Myth, ”in Benjamin Franklin Fisher,ed.,Myths and Reality:The Mysterious Mr.Poe(Baltimore:The Edgar Allan Poe Society,1987),26-36.
[1250]Reverend Clemm to E.R.Reynolds,Feb.20,1889,inTPL,848.
[1251]Henry Herring,in Woodberry,Life,2:448,andTPL,848.
[1252]George P.Clark,“Two Unnoticed Recollections of Poe's Funeral, ”Poe News-letter 3,no.1(June 1970):1-2,inTPL,848.
[1253]Griswold,cited in James A.Harrison,Complete Works of E.A.Poe(New York:Thomas Crowell&Co., 1902) 1:359.
[1254]R.W.Griswold,writing as“Ludwig, ”Daily Tribune,Oct.9,1849,reprinted inWeekly Tribune,Oct.20, 1849;Richmond Enquirer,Oct.13,1849;Saturday Evening Post,Oct.20,1849,inTPL,849.
[1255]原文为“傲慢”。——作者注
[1256]New York Herald,Oct.9,1849,inTPL,850.
[1257]Richmond Whig,Oct.9,1849,inTPL,851.
[1258]Cornelia Wells Walter,Evening Transcript,Oct.9,1849,inTPL,851.
[1259]Kennedy,diary entry,Oct.10,1849,inTPL,852.
[1260]Wilmer,Merlin,Baltimore,1827,25;AHQ,654-55.
[1261]Longfellow,quoted inSLM 15,no.11(Nov.1849);AHQ,655.
[1262]N.P.Willis,Home Journal,Oct.13,1849,in E.C.Stedman and G.E.Woodberry,eds.The Works of Edgar Allan Poe(1895)—Vol.X:Poems(Chicago:Stone and Kimball,1895),10:242-3.
[1263]Neilson Poe to Clemm, Oct. 11, 1849, Original Autograph MS, Enoch Pratt Library; AHQ, 643.
[1264]Clemm to Richmond,Oct.9,1849,inTPL,850.
[1265]Richmond to Clemm,Oct.10,1849,inTPL,854.
[1266]Griswold, Oct. 31, 1849, Original Autograph MS, Harvard University Library; AHQ, 660.
[1267]Griswold,inWorks of the Late Edgar Allan Poe,3:vii-xxxix.
[1268]Griswold，“Memoir of the Author”; AHQ, 673.
[1269]For example, the“Spiritual trance-speaker, ”Lizzie Doten, whosePoems of the Inner Life (Boston:William White, 1863) included six new poems first recited “under the direct influence” of Poe, including“Resurrexi, ” “The Streets of Baltimore, ” and “Farewell to Earth.”
[1270]Death by brain tumor was argued by Leon Neyfakh,“Poe's Mysterious Death:The Plot Thickens! , ”New York Observer,Oct.16,2007,in agreement with Pearl inPoe Shadow;the Baltimore cardiologist Michael Benitez's observations were reported in “Poe's Death Is Rewritten as Case of Rabies, Not Telltale Alcohol, ”New York Times,Sept.15,1996;John Evangelist Walsh(author of the Osgood-Poe potboilerPlumes in the Dust)speculates he was murdered,inMidnight Dreary:The Mysterious Death of Edgar Allan Poe(New York:Macmillan,2000);Natasha Geiling,“The(Still)Mysterious Death of Edgar Allan Poe, ”Smithsonian Magazine,Oct.7,2014;Scott Peeples,The Afterlife of Edgar Allan Poe(Woodbridge:Boydell&Brewer, 2004), 155-64.
[1271]North American Review 83(Oct.1856):427-55;AHQ,685;for incisive reflections on recurrent moral critiques (and misreadings) of Poe，见Paul Lewis，“From Emerson to Edmundson: The Case Against Poe, ”EAPR,11,no.2(2010):73-84。
[1272]F.O.Matthiessen,American Renaissance:Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman(Oxford:Oxford University Press,1941);F.O.Matthiessen,“Poe, ”Sewanee Review 54,no.2(1946):175-205．马修森对玛格丽特·富勒的关注更少，对弗雷德里克·道格拉斯甚至毫不关心。关于接下来美国文学的精品，详见Kermit Vanderbilt,American Literature and the Academy:The Roots,Growth,and Maturity of a Profession(Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press,1986),501;Gerald Graff,Beyond the Culture Wars:How Teaching the Conflicts Can Revitalize American Education(New York:W.W.Norton, 1993); on Poe's eventual canonization，见Jerome McGann，“Literary History and Editorial Method: Poe and Antebellum America, ”New Literary History 40,no.4(2009):825-42。
[1273]D.H.Lawrence,Studies in Classic American Literature(New York:Thomas Seltzer,1923),93.
[1274]Lois Davis Vines,Poe Abroad:Influence,Reputation,Affinities(Iowa City:University of Iowa Press,2002), Kafka on 204;Martin Ray,Joseph Conrad:Memories and Impressions(Boston:Brill Rodopi,2007),8.
[1275]Roberto Bola?o,“Advice on the Art of Writing Short Stories, ”in Between Parentheses:Essays,Articles, and Speeches,1998-2003(New York:New Directions,2011),350-70;Emron Esplin,“Poe and His Global Advocates, ”in Kennedy and Peeples,Oxford Handbook,597-617.
[1276]Alfred Russel Wallace,Edgar Allan Poe:A Series of Seventeen Letters Concerning Poe's Scientific Erudition in Eureka and His Authorship of Leonainie(New York:privately printed,1904).
[1277]Jonathan Elmer,“Peirce,Poe,and Protoplasm, ”PS 52,no.1(2019):29-49;Eco and Sebeok,Sign of Three.
[1278]Matthew Stanley,Practical Mystic:Religion,Science,and A.S.Eddington(Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2007).
[1279]Eddington to Quinn, Sept. 29, 1940; AHQ, 555-56.
[1280]Einstein to Gimbel,1933,Gimbel Collection,Free Library of Philadelphia.Einstein wrote,“Eine sehr sch?ne Leistung eines ungew?hnlich selbst?ndigen Geistes.”
[1281]Einstein to Quinn, Aug. 6, 1940, Quinn Papers, University of Pennsylvania；见René van Slooten，“Edgar Allan Poe—Cosmologist? , ”Scientific American Blog,Feb.1,2017。
[1282]To Georges Lema?tre, Einstein wrote，“Your calculations are correct, but your physics is atrocious, ” quoted in Andre Deprit,“Monsignor Georges Lema?tre, ”inThe Big Bang and Georges Lema?tre,ed.A.Barger (Dordrecht: Reidel, 1984), 370.
[1283]Paolo Molaro and Alberto Cappi，“Edgar Allan Poe: The First Man to Conceive a Newtonian Evolving Universe, ” arXiv preprint, arXiv:1506.05218, 2015; Alberto Cappi，“Edgar Allan Poe's Physical Cosmology, ”Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 35(1994):177-92.
[1284]Harrison,Darkness at Night.
[1285]“über die M?glichkeit einer Welt mit konstanter negativer Krümmung des Raumes, ”Zeitschrift für Physik 21, no. 1 (1924): 326-32．在一次热气球旅行达到创纪录高度几个月后，弗里德曼于1925年去世，享年37岁。Tom Siegfried,Strange Matters:Undiscovered Ideas at the Frontiers of Space and Time(Washington,D.C.:Joseph Henry Press,2002),118-22;on Friedmann and Poe，见Cappi,“Poe's Physical Cosmology”。
[1286]Georges Lema?tre,“The Beginning of the World from the Point of View of Quantum Theory, ”Nature 127, no. 3210 (1931): 706.
[1287]Paul Valéry in“Au sujet d'Eureka, ”in Cantalupo,“Eureka: Poe's‘Novel Universe, '”329. Jimena Canales,The Physicist and the Philosopher: Einstein, Bergson, and the Debate that Changed Our Understanding of Time(Princeton:Princeton University Press,2016).
