第10章 当今时代的两大悲观源头——非洲和2010年后的气候.3
[48] Goklany，I.2009.Is climate change the defining challenge of our age？Energy and Environment 20：279-302.
[49] Pielke，R.A.，Jr.，Gratz，J.，Landsea，C.W.，Collins，D.，Saunders，M.A.and Muslin，R，2008：Normalized hurricane damage in the United States：1900-2005.Natural Hazard Review 9：29-42.
[50] Goklany，I.2007.Deaths and death rates due to extreme weather events.Civil Society Report on Climate Change.International Policy Network.
[51] Lomborg，B.2007.Cool It.Marshall Cavendish.
[52] Reiter，P.2008.Global warming and malaria：knowing the horse before hitching the cart.Malaria Journal 7（supplement 1）：S3.
[53] Reiter，P.2007.Human ecology and human behavior.Civil Society Report on Climate Change.International Policy Network.
[54] Goklany，I.2004.Climate change and malaria.Science 306：56-7.疟疾专家保罗·瑞特的遭遇很是奇特：“IPCC拒绝让瑞特教授来撰写2007年气候评估报告健康章节中有关疟疾的部分。IPCC先是假装瑞特没有获得提名，接着又说没有收到瑞特教授亲自送到官员们手中的四份提名文件。这一部分内容的两位主要执笔人，都不是疟疾专家，只就该主题发表过一篇有关论文。其中一人甚至不是科学家，而是环保活动家。”见http://scienceand publicpolicy.org/images/stories/papers/scarewatch/scarewatch_agw_spread_malaria.pdf.
[55] Randolph，S.E.2008.Tick-borne encephalitis in Central and Eastern Europe：consequences of political transition.Microbes and Infection 10：209-16.
[56] 有关本主题的讨论，见http://cstpr.colorado.edu/prometheus/?p=5410；也可见http://www.climate-resistance.org/2009/06/the-age-of-the-age-of-stupid.html；此外是Wall Street Journal：http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124424567009790525.html.
[57] Pinter，P.J.，Jr.，Kimball，B.A.，Garcia，R.L.，Wall，G.W.，Hunsaker，D.J.and LaMorte，R.L.1996.Free-air C02 enrichment：Responses of cotton and wheat crops.In Koch，G.W.and Mooney，H.A.（eds）.1996.Carbon Dioxide and Terrestrial Ecosystems.Academic Press.
[58] Goklany，I.cited in Bailey，R.2009.What planetary emergency？Reason，10 March 2009.See http://www.reason.com/news/show/132145.html.
[59] Parry，M.L.，Rosenzweig，C，Iglesias，A.，Livermore，M.and Fischer，G，2004：Effects of climate change on global food production under SRES emissions and socio-economic scenarios.Global Environmental Change 14：53-67.
[60] Levy，P.E.et al.2004.Modelling the impact of future changes in climate，C02concentration and future land use on natural ecosystems and the terrestrial carbon sink.Global Environmental Change 14：21-30.
[61] “天启”指末日启示录。——译者注
[62] 联合国估计：每年有370万人死于饥饿，170万人死于饮用污水，160万人死于室内烟尘，110万人死于疟疾。
[63] Lomborg，B.2008.How to get the biggest bang for 10 billion bucks.Wall Street Journal，28 July 2008.
[64] http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/10/0810 20095850.htm.亦可见Dyck，M.G.，Soon，W.，Baydack，R.K.，Legates，D.R.，Baliunas，S.，Ball，T.F.and Hancock，L.O.2007.Polar bears of western Hudson Bay and climate change：Are warming spring air temperatures the‘ultimate.survival control factor？Ecological Complexity 4：73-84.也可见Dr Mitchell Taylor’s presentation at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I63D114Pemc.
[65] 两者均引自Guardian，2 September 2009.http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/sep/02/coral-catastrophic-future.
[66] 这段话是加拿大一位生物学家2008年8月在博客上写的：“我刚从印度那边的波斯湾地区（Asaluyeh/Nyband Bay）回来。气温40℃，海水35℃。（要是你觉得在这么高的温度下做现场勘查工作挺有乐趣的，拜托一定私下写信给我！）我们观察了水下4～15米的珊瑚。不管处在什么水位，珊瑚都没有‘漂白’的迹象。或许这跟‘适应力’有点关系。此外，这些无名礁石覆盖着大约30%的珊瑚，比佛罗里达礁岛群那儿的比例还高。”原文见http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list/2008-August/037881.html.
[67] Oliver，T.A.and Palumbi，S.R.2009.Distributions of stress-resistant coral symbionts match environmental patterns at local but not regional scales.Marine Ecology Progress Series 378：93-103.也见Baker，A.C.et al.2004.Coral reefs：Corals’adaptive response to climate change.Nature 430：741，文章说：“共生有机体的适应性变化暗示，这些憔悴的礁石会更为适应将来的升温压力，幸存下来的珊瑚会存活得更久，灭绝时间会拖得更长，这跟以前的假设是不一样的。”
[68] Kleypas，J.A.，Danabasoglu，G.and Lough.J.M.2008.Potential role of the ocean thermostat in determining regional differences in coral reef bleaching events，Geophysical Research Letters 35：L03613.（doi：10.1029/2007GL03 2257）.
[69] Iglesias-Rodriguez，M.D.et al.2008.Phytoplankton calcification in a high-C02 world.Science 320：336-40.Other studies of the carbonate issue are summarised by Idso，C.2009.C02，Global Warming and Coral Reefs.Vales Lake Publishing.
[70] Speech to the US National Academy of Sciences，15 July 1998.
[71] Goklany，I.2008.The Improving State of the World.Cato Institute.
[72] Summarised in Tol，R.S.J.2009.The Economic Effects of Climate Change.Journal of Economic Perspectives，23：29-51.http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/jep.23.2.29.还可见Jerry Taylor的文章，http://www.masterresource.Org/2009/11/the-economics-of-climate-change-essential-knowledge.
[73] IPCC AR4，Working Group III，p.204.
[74] MacKay，D.2009.Sustainable Energy-without the Hot Air.UIT，Cambridge.
[75] 本段中的数字由麦凯重新计算过，MacKay，D.2009.Sustainable Energy-without the Hot Air.UIT，Cambridge.把这一数字（人均每天125千瓦时）跟第7章来自另一源头的数字作比：假设英格兰总人口为5000万，总共消耗2500亿瓦特（每秒钟2500亿焦耳），或者人均每秒5000焦耳。1千瓦时里包含360万焦耳，每天有86400秒，那么5000×86400=4.32亿焦耳（每人每天）。4.32亿焦耳/360万焦耳=120千瓦时（每人每天）。两个数据是互为印证的。
[76] 指能够持续地提供资源或消纳废物的、具有生物生产力的地域空间。——译者注
[77] Donald Hertzmark，6 April 2009 at http://masterresource.org/?p=1625.也可见http://www.juandemariana.org/pdf/090327-employment-public-aid-renewable.pdf，http://masterresource.org/?p=5046#more-5046.
[78] Huber，P.2009.Bound to burn.City Journal，spring 2009.
[79] Bullis，K.2008.Sun+water=fuel.Technology Review，November/December，56-61.
[80] Ian Pearson，8.9.08：http://www.futurizon.net/blog.htm.
[81] Ausubel，J.H.2003.‘Decarbonisation：the Next 100 Years’.Lecture at Oak Ridge National Laboratory，June 2003.http://phe.rockefeller.edu/PDF_FILES/oakridge.pdf.
[82] Ausubel，J.H.and Waggoner，P.E.2008.Dematerialization：variety，caution and persistence.PNAS 105：12774-9.也可见http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/21/science/earth/21tier.html.
[83] 指地球和太阳之间的引力平衡点。——译者注
[84] 一种类似海蜇的动物，能将零散的碳聚集到一起，加速其沉降，阻止碳重新进入大气。——译者注
[85] Lebrato，M.and Jones，D.O.B.2009.Mass deposition event of Pyrosoma atlanticum carcasses off Ivory Coast（West Africa）.Limnology and Oceanography 54：1197-1209.
