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elections: last held 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held on 5-6 September 2008)

election results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 54%, UNITA 34%, other 12%; seats by party - MPLA 129, UNITA 70, PRS 6, FNLA 5, PLD 3, other 7

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court and separate provincial courts (judges are appointed by the president)

Political parties and leaders:

Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Analia de Victoria PEREIRA]; National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [disputed between Ngola KABANGU and Lucas NGONDA]; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA (largest opposition party) [Isaias SAMAKUVA]; Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA (ruling party in power since 1975) [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS]; Social Renewal Party or PRS [Eduardo KUANGANA]

note: about a dozen minor parties participated in the 1992 elections but only won a few seats; they and more than 100 other smaller parties have little influence in the National Assembly

Political pressure groups and leaders:

Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO, Antonio Bento BEMBE]

International organization participation:

ACP, AfDB, AU, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OPEC, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Josefina Perpetua Pitra DIAKITE

chancery: 2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone: [1] (202) 785-1156

FAX: [1] (202) 785-1258

consulate(s) general: Houston, New York

Diplomatic representation from the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Dan MOZENA

embassy: number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda

mailing address: international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550

telephone: [244] (222) 64-1000

FAX: [244] (222) 64-1232

Flag description:

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)

Economy Angola

Economy - overview:

Angola's high growth rate is driven by its oil sector, with record oil prices and rising petroleum production. Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 85% of GDP. Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 15% per year from 2004 to 2007. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Much of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. Remnants of the conflict such as widespread land mines still mar the countryside even though an apparently durable peace was established after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI in February 2002. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food must still be imported. In 2005, the government started using a $2 billion line of credit, since increased to $7 billion, from China to rebuild Angola's public infrastructure, and several large-scale projects were completed in 2006. Angola also has large credit lines from Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU. The central bank in 2003 implemented an exchange rate stabilization program using foreign exchange reserves to buy kwanzas out of circulation. This policy became more sustainable in 2005 because of strong oil export earnings; it has significantly reduced inflation. Although consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to under 13% in 2007, the stabilization policy has put pressure on international net liquidity. Angola became a member of OPEC in late 2006 and in late 2007 was assigned a production quota of 1.9 million barrels a day, somewhat less than the 2-2.5 million bbl Angola's government had wanted. To fully take advantage of its rich national resources - gold, diamonds, extensive forests, Atlantic fisheries, and large oil deposits - Angola will need to implement government reforms, increase transparency, and reduce corruption. The government has rejected a formal IMF monitored program, although it continues Article IV consultations and ad hoc cooperation. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, and the negative effects of large inflows of foreign exchange, are major challenges facing Angola.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$91.29 billion (2007 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):

$61.36 billion (2007 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

21.1% (2007 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$5,600 (2007 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 9.5%

industry: 65.8%

services: 24.6% (2007 est.)

Labor force:

6.64 million (2007 est.)

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 85%

industry and services: 15% (2003 est.)

Unemployment rate:

extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more than half the population (2001 est.)

Population below poverty line:

70% (2003 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

12.2% (2007 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):

9.1% of GDP (2007 est.)

Budget:

revenues: $17.29 billion

expenditures: $15.78 billion (2007 est.)

Public debt:

12% of GDP (2007 est.)

Agriculture - products:

bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, manioc (tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish

Industries:

petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair

Industrial production growth rate:

24.4% (2007 est.)

Electricity - production:

2.585 billion kWh (2005)

Electricity - production by source:

fossil fuel: 36.4%

hydro: 63.6%

nuclear: 0%

other: 0% (2001)

Electricity - consumption:

2.201 billion kWh (2005)

Electricity - exports:

0 kWh (2005)

Electricity - imports:

0 kWh (2005)

Oil - production:

1.26 million bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - consumption:

50,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - exports:

1.021 million bbl/day (2004)

Oil - imports:

18,290 bbl/day (2004)

Oil - proved reserves:

25 billion bbl (2007 est.)

Natural gas - production:

767.3 million cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - consumption:

767.3 million cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - imports:

0 cu m (2005)

Natural gas - proved reserves:

44 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.)

Current account balance:

$6.747 billion (2007 est.)

Exports:

$44.32 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton

Exports - partners:

US 38.1%, China 34.2%, Taiwan 5.8%, France 4.9%, Chile 4.1% (2006)

Imports:

$12.29 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods

Imports - partners:

US 15.3%, Portugal 15%, South Korea 10.1%, China 8.8%, Brazil 8.2%, South Africa 6.7%, France 6.2% (2006)

Economic aid - recipient:

$441.8 million (2005)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$11.33 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$8.234 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

$17.23 billion (2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

$227 million (2006 est.)

Currency (code):

kwanza (AOA)

Currency code:

AOA

Exchange rates:

kwanza per US dollar - 76.6 (2007), 80.4 (2006), 88.6 (2005), 83.541 (2004), 74.606 (2003)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

Communications Angola

Telephones - main lines in use:

98,200 (2006)

Telephones - mobile cellular:

2.264 million (2006)

Telephone system:

general assessment: system inadequate; fewer than one fixed-line per 100 persons; combined fixed line and mobile telephone density approached 20 telephones per 100 persons in 2006

domestic: state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed-lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately-owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001

international: country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2007)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 21, FM 6, shortwave 7 (2001)

Radios:

815,000 (2000)

Television broadcast stations:

6 (2000)

Televisions:

196,000 (2000)

Internet country code:

.ao

Internet hosts:

3,337 (2007)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

1 (2000)

Internet users:

85,000 (2005)

Transportation Angola

Airports:

232 (2007)

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 31

over 3,047 m: 5

2,438 to 3,047 m: 8

1,524 to 2,437 m: 12

914 to 1,523 m: 5

under 914 m: 1 (2007)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 201

over 3,047 m: 2

2,438 to 3,047 m: 5

1,524 to 2,437 m: 30

914 to 1,523 m: 95

under 914 m: 69 (2007)

Pipelines:

gas 234 km; liquid petroleum gas 85 km; oil 896 km; oil/gas/water 5 km (2007)

Railways:

total: 2,761 km

narrow gauge: 2,638 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2006)

Roadways:

total: 51,429 km

paved: 5,349 km

unpaved: 46,080 km (2001)

Waterways:

1,300 km (2007)

Merchant marine:

total: 5 ships (1000 GRT or over) 6,865 GRT/8,825 DWT

by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2

foreign-owned: 1 (Spain 1)

registered in other countries: 6 (Bahamas 6) (2007)

Ports and terminals:

Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe

Military Angola

Military branches:

Angolan Armed Forces (FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra, MdG), Angolan National Air Force (FANA) (2007)

Military service age and obligation:

17 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years plus time for training (2001)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16-49: 2,856,492

females age 16-49: 2,755,864 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16-49: 1,430,658

females age 16-49: 1,371,689 (2008 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

males age 16-49: 142,791

females age 16-49: 139,539 (2008 est.)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

5.7% (2006)

Transnational Issues Angola

Disputes - international:

Cabindan separatists continue to return to the Angolan exclave from exile in neighboring states and Europe since the 2006 ceasefire and peace agreement

Refugees and internally displaced persons:

refugees (country of origin): 12,615 (Democratic Republic of Congo)

IDPs: 61,700 (27-year civil war ending in 2002; 4 million IDPs already have returned) (2007)

Illicit drugs:

used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa

This page was last updated on 15 July, 2008

The World Factbook

Anguilla

Introduction Anguilla

Background:

Colonized by English settlers from Saint Kitts in 1650, Anguilla was administered by Great Britain until the early 19th century, when the island - against the wishes of the inhabitants - was incorporated into a single British dependency, along with Saint Kitts and Nevis. Several attempts at separation failed. In 1971, two years after a revolt, Anguilla was finally allowed to secede; this arrangement was formally recognized in 1980, with Anguilla becoming a separate British dependency.

Geography Anguilla

Location:

Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico

Geographic coordinates:

18 15 N, 63 10 W

Map references:

Central America and the Caribbean

Area:

total: 102 sq km

land: 102 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative:

about half the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

61 km

Maritime claims:

territorial sea: 3 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Climate:

tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds

Terrain:

flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point: Crocus Hill 65 m

Natural resources:

salt, fish, lobster

Land use:

arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

other: 100% (mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some commercial salt ponds) (2005)

Irrigated land:

NA

Natural hazards:

frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October)

Environment - current issues:

supplies of potable water sometimes cannot meet increasing demand largely because of poor distribution system

Geography - note:

the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles

People Anguilla

Population:

14,108 (July 2008 est.)

Age structure:

0-14 years: 24.8% (male 1,795/female 1,706)

15-64 years: 67.6% (male 4,569/female 4,970)

65 years and over: 7.6% (male 510/female 558) (2008 est.)

Median age:

total: 32.3 years

male: 31.3 years

female: 33.4 years (2008 est.)

Population growth rate:

2.332% (2008 est.)

Birth rate:

13.11 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Death rate:

4.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Net migration rate:

14.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female

total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: 3.54 deaths/1,000 live births