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elections: last held 10 and 24 October 2004 (next to be held in October 2008)

election results: percent of vote by party - Labor 28.6%, Working for Lithuania (Social Democrats and Social Liberals) 20.7%, TS 14.6%, For Order and Justice (Liberal Democrats and Lithuanian People's Union) 11.4%, Liberal and Center Union 9.1%, Farmers and New Democracy Union 6.6%, other 9%; seats by faction - Social Democrats 38, TS 25, Labor 23, Farmers National Union 13 (combined with Civil Democracy), Liberal Democrats/Order and Justice 11, New Union Social Liberals 10, Liberal and Center Union 10, Liberal Movement 9, independent 2 (as of April 2008)

Judicial branch:

Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; judges for all courts appointed by the president

Political parties and leaders:

Civil Democracy Party or PDP [Viktor MUNTIANAS]; Electoral Action of Lithuanian Poles [Valdemar TOMASZEVSKI]; National Farmer's Union or VLS [Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE]; Homeland Union/Conservative Party or TS [Andrius KUBILIUS]; Labor Party or DP [Viktor USPASKICH]; Liberal and Center Union [Arturas ZUOKAS]; Liberal Democrats/Order and Justice Party or TT [Rolandas PAKSAS]; Liberal Movement or LLS [Petras AUSTREVICIUS]; Social Democratic Party or LSDP [Gediminas KIRKILAS]; Social Liberal/New Union [Arturas PAULAUSKAS]; Young Lithuania and New Nationalists [Stanislovas BUSKEVICIUS]

Political pressure groups and leaders:

NA

International organization participation:

Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIG, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (associate partner), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Audrius BRUZGA

chancery: 4590 MacArthur Blvd. NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20007

telephone: [1] (202) 234-5860

FAX: [1] (202) 328-0466

consulate(s) general: Chicago, New York

Diplomatic representation from the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador John A. CLOUD

embassy: Akmenu Gatve 6, Vilnius, LT-03106

mailing address: American Embassy, Akmenu Gatve 6, Vilnius LT-03106

telephone: [370] (5) 266 5500

FAX: [370] (5) 266 5510

Flag description:

three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red

Economy Lithuania

Economy - overview:

Lithuania, the Baltic state that has conducted the most trade with Russia, has grown rapidly since rebounding from the 1998 Russian financial crisis. Unemployment fell to 3.2% in 2007 while wages continued to grow at double digit rates, contributing to rising inflation. Exports and imports also grew strongly, and the current account deficit rose to nearly 15% of GDP in 2007. Trade has been increasingly oriented toward the West. Lithuania has gained membership in the World Trade Organization and joined the EU in May 2004. Privatization of the large, state-owned utilities is nearly complete. Foreign government and business support have helped in the transition from the old command economy to a market economy.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$59.64 billion (2007 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):

$38.35 billion (2007 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

8.8% (2007 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$17,700 (2007 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 5.3%

industry: 33.3%

services: 61.4% (2007 est.)

Labor force:

1.587 million (2007 est.)

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 15.8%

industry: 28.2%

services: 56% (2004)

Unemployment rate:

3.5%

note: based on survey data, official registered unemployment of 5.7% (2007 est.)

Population below poverty line:

4% (2003)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 2.7%

highest 10%: 27.7% (2003)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

36 (2005)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

5.8% (2007 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):

26.6% of GDP (2007 est.)

Budget:

revenues: $13.14 billion

expenditures: $13.6 billion (2007 est.)

Public debt:

14.5% of GDP (2007 est.)

Agriculture - products:

grain, potatoes, sugar beets, flax, vegetables; beef, milk, eggs; fish

Industries:

metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, television sets, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture making, textiles, food processing, fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, electronic components, computers, amber jewelry

Industrial production growth rate:

7.4% (2007 est.)

Electricity - production:

13.48 billion kWh (2005)

Electricity - production by source:

fossil fuel: 16.5%

hydro: 5.7%

nuclear: 77.7%

other: 0% (2001)

Electricity - consumption:

9.296 billion kWh (2005)

Electricity - exports:

8.607 billion kWh (2005)

Electricity - imports:

5.641 billion kWh (2005)

Oil - production:

13,160 bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - consumption:

57,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - exports:

145,100 bbl/day (2004)

Oil - imports:

187,800 bbl/day (2004)

Oil - proved reserves:

12 million bbl (1 January 2006 est.)

Natural gas - production:

0 cu m (2005)

Natural gas - consumption:

2.916 billion cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - imports:

2.916 billion cu m (2005)

Natural gas - proved reserves:

0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)

Current account balance:

-$4.988 billion (2007 est.)

Exports:

$17.18 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

mineral products 23%, textiles and clothing 16%, machinery and equipment 11%, chemicals 6%, wood and wood products 5%, foodstuffs 5% (2001)

Exports - partners:

Russia 12.8%, Latvia 11.1%, Germany 8.6%, Estonia 6.5%, Poland 6.1%, Netherlands 4.8%, Sweden 4.5%, UK 4.4%, US 4.3%, Denmark 4.2%, France 4.2% (2006)

Imports:

$22.8 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

mineral products, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, chemicals, textiles and clothing, metals

Imports - partners:

Russia 24.3%, Germany 14.9%, Poland 9.5%, Latvia 4.8% (2006)

Economic aid - recipient:

$249.7 million (2004)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$7.721 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$27.19 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

$14.63 billion (2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

$1.783 billion (2007 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$10.19 billion (2006)

Currency (code):

litas (LTL)

Currency code:

LTL

Exchange rates:

litai per US dollar - 2.5362 (2007), 2.7498 (2006), 2.774 (2005), 2.7806 (2004), 3.0609 (2003)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

Communications Lithuania

Telephones - main lines in use:

792,400 (2006)

Telephones - mobile cellular:

4.718 million (2006)

Telephone system:

general assessment: adequate; being modernized to provide improved international capability and better residential access

domestic: rapid expansion of mobile-cellular services has resulted in a steady decline in the number of main line subscriptions; mobile-cellular teledensity has increased to about 135 per 100 persons while fixed-line teledensity has dropped to 22 per 100 persons

international: country code - 370; major international connections to Denmark, Sweden, and Norway by submarine cable for further transmission by satellite; landline connections to Latvia and Poland

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 29, FM 142, shortwave 1 (2001)

Radios:

1.9 million (1997)

Television broadcast stations:

27 (may have as many as 100 transmitters, including repeater stations) (2001)

Televisions:

1.7 million (1997)

Internet country code:

.lt

Internet hosts:

1.301 million (2007)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

32 (2001)

Internet users:

1.083 million (2006)

Transportation Lithuania

Airports:

87 (2007)

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 30

over 3,047 m: 3

2,438 to 3,047 m: 1

1,524 to 2,437 m: 7

914 to 1,523 m: 2

under 914 m: 17 (2007)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 57

over 3,047 m: 1

914 to 1,523 m: 3

under 914 m: 53 (2007)

Pipelines:

gas 1,695 km; oil 228 km; refined products 121 km (2007)

Railways:

total: 1,771 km

broad gauge: 1,749 km 1.524-m gauge (122 km electrified)

standard gauge: 22 km 1.435-m gauge (2006)

Roadways:

total: 79,984 km

paved: 70,997 km (includes 309 km of expressways)

unpaved: 8,987 km (2006)

Waterways:

441 km (2006)

Merchant marine:

total: 50 ships (1000 GRT or over) 363,795 GRT/366,624 DWT

by type: bulk carrier 4, cargo 22, chemical tanker 1, container 1, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 16

foreign-owned: 9 (Denmark 9)

registered in other countries: 20 (Antigua and Barbuda 6, North Korea 1, Norway 1, Panama 5, St Vincent and The Grenadines 7, unknown 3) (2007)

Ports and terminals:

Klaipeda

Military Lithuania

Military branches:

Ground Forces, Naval Force, Lithuanian Military Air Forces, National Defense Volunteer Forces (2005)

Military service age and obligation:

19-45 years of age for compulsory military service; 18 years of age for volunteers; 12-month conscript service obligation (2006)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16-49: 915,187

females age 16-49: 906,097 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16-49: 678,434

females age 16-49: 749,483 (2008 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

males age 16-49: 25,907

females age 16-49: 24,735 (2008 est.)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

1.2% (2006; 1.23% 2007 est.)

Transnational Issues Lithuania

Disputes - international:

Lithuania and Russia committed to demarcating their boundary in 2006 in accordance with the land and maritime treaty ratified by Russia in May 2003 and by Lithuania in 1999; Lithuania operates a simplified transit regime for Russian nationals traveling from the Kaliningrad coastal exclave into Russia, while still conforming, as a EU member state having an external border with a non-EU member, to strict Schengen border rules; the Latvian parliament has not ratified its 1998 maritime boundary treaty with Lithuania, primarily due to concerns over potential hydrocarbons; as of January 2007, ground demarcation of the boundary with Belarus was complete and mapped with final ratification documents in preparation

Illicit drugs:

transshipment and destination point for cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy, and opiates from Southwest Asia, Latin America, Western Europe, and neighboring Baltic countries; growing production of high-quality amphetamines, but limited production of cannabis, methamphetamines; susceptible to money laundering despite changes to banking legislation

This page was last updated on 15 July, 2008

The World Factbook

Luxembourg

Introduction Luxembourg

Background:

Founded in 963, Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and an independent state under the Netherlands. It lost more than half of its territory to Belgium in 1839, but gained a larger measure of autonomy. Full independence was attained in 1867. Overrun by Germany in both World Wars, it ended its neutrality in 1948 when it entered into the Benelux Customs Union and when it joined NATO the following year. In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the European Economic Community (later the European Union), and in 1999 it joined the euro currency area.

Geography Luxembourg

Location:

Western Europe, between France and Germany

Geographic coordinates:

49 45 N, 6 10 E

Map references:

Europe

Area:

total: 2,586 sq km

land: 2,586 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative:

slightly smaller than Rhode Island

Land boundaries:

total: 359 km

border countries: Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km

Coastline:

0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims:

none (landlocked)

Climate:

modified continental with mild winters, cool summers

Terrain:

mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Moselle River 133 m

highest point: Buurgplaatz 559 m

Natural resources:

iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land

Land use:

arable land: 27.42%

permanent crops: 0.69%

other: 71.89% (includes Belgium) (2005)

Irrigated land:

NA

Total renewable water resources:

1.6 cu km (2005)

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic / industrial / agricultural):

total: 0.06 cu km/yr (42%/45%/13%)

per capita: 121 cu m/yr (1999)

Natural hazards:

NA

Environment - current issues:

air and water pollution in urban areas, soil pollution of farmland

Environment - international agreements:

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Geography - note:

landlocked; the only Grand Duchy in the world

People Luxembourg

Population:

486,006 (July 2008 est.)

Age structure:

0-14 years: 18.6% (male 46,729/female 43,889)

15-64 years: 66.6% (male 163,356/female 160,425)

65 years and over: 14.7% (male 29,206/female 42,401) (2008 est.)

Median age:

total: 39 years

male: 38 years

female: 40 years (2008 est.)

Population growth rate:

1.188% (2008 est.)

Birth rate:

11.77 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Death rate:

8.43 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Net migration rate:

8.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female