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GDP (purchasing power parity):

$319.5 billion (2007 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):

$171.6 billion (2007 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

7% (2007 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$6,700 (2007 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 11.5%

industry: 36%

services: 52.5% (2007 est.)

Labor force:

20.5 million (2007 est.)

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 22.7%

industry: 18.7%

services: 58.5% (2000 est.)

Unemployment rate:

11.2% (2007 est.)

Population below poverty line:

49.2% (2005)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 7.9%

highest 10%: 34.3% (2004)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

53.8 (2005)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

5.5% (2007 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):

22.5% of GDP (2007 est.)

Budget:

revenues: $63.69 billion

expenditures: $64.96 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2007 est.)

Public debt:

53.5% of GDP (2007 est.)

Agriculture - products:

coffee, cut flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, cocoa beans, oilseed, vegetables; forest products; shrimp

Industries:

textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds

Industrial production growth rate:

9.4% (2007 est.)

Electricity - production:

50.47 billion kWh (2005)

Electricity - production by source:

fossil fuel: 26%

hydro: 72.7%

nuclear: 0%

other: 1.3% (2001)

Electricity - consumption:

38.91 billion kWh (2005)

Electricity - exports:

1.758 billion kWh (2005)

Electricity - imports:

16 million kWh (2005)

Oil - production:

539,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - consumption:

264,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - exports:

289,700 bbl/day (2004)

Oil - imports:

6,453 bbl/day (2004)

Oil - proved reserves:

1.387 billion bbl (2007 est.)

Natural gas - production:

6.397 billion cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - consumption:

6.397 billion cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - imports:

0 cu m (2005)

Natural gas - proved reserves:

109.7 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.)

Current account balance:

-$6.465 billion (2007 est.)

Exports:

$30.58 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

petroleum, coffee, coal, nickel, emeralds, apparel, bananas, cut flowers

Exports - partners:

US 35.8%, Venezuela 11.4%, Ecuador 5.4% (2006)

Imports:

$31.17 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity

Imports - partners:

US 26.8%, Brazil 8.6%, Mexico 8.5%, China 6%, Venezuela 5.6%, Japan 4.1% (2006)

Economic aid - recipient:

$511.1 million (2005)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$20.95 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$41.16 billion (30 June 2007)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

$54.04 billion (2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

$10.38 billion (2007 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$56.2 billion (2006)

Currency (code):

Colombian peso (COP)

Currency code:

COP

Exchange rates:

Colombian pesos per US dollar - 2,013.8 (2007), 2,358.6 (2006), 2,320.75 (2005), 2,628.61 (2004), 2,877.65 (2003)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

Communications Colombia

Telephones - main lines in use:

7.865 million (2006)

Telephones - mobile cellular:

29.763 million (2006)

Telephone system:

general assessment: modern system in many respects; telecommunications sector liberalized during the 1990s; multiple providers of both fixed-line and mobile-cellular services; fixed-line connections stand at about 18 per 100 persons; mobile cellular usage is about 70 per 100 persons

domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system; domestic satellite system with 41 earth stations; fiber-optic network linking 50 cities

international: country code - 57; submarine cables provide links to the US, parts of the Caribbean, and Central and South America; satellite earth stations - 10 (6 Intelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 3 fully digitalized international switching centers) (2007)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 454, FM 34, shortwave 27 (1999)

Radios:

21 million (1997)

Television broadcast stations:

60 (1997)

Televisions:

4.59 million (1997)

Internet country code:

.co

Internet hosts:

1.014 million (2007)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

18 (2000)

Internet users:

6.705 million (2006)

Transportation Colombia

Airports:

934 (2007)

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 103

over 3,047 m: 2

2,438 to 3,047 m: 8

1,524 to 2,437 m: 39

914 to 1,523 m: 42

under 914 m: 12 (2007)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 831

over 3,047 m: 1

1,524 to 2,437 m: 34

914 to 1,523 m: 216

under 914 m: 580 (2007)

Heliports:

2 (2007)

Pipelines:

gas 4,329 km; oil 6,140 km; refined products 3,145 km (2007)

Railways:

total: 3,304 km

standard gauge: 150 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 3,154 km 0.914-m gauge (2006)

Roadways:

total: 164,257 km (2005)

Waterways:

18,000 km (2006)

Merchant marine:

total: 15 ships (1000 GRT or over) 35,949 GRT/49,161 DWT

by type: cargo 11, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 3

registered in other countries: 5 (Antigua and Barbuda 1, Panama 4) (2007)

Ports and terminals:

Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Santa Marta, Turbo

Military Colombia

Military branches:

National Army (Ejercito Nacional), National Navy (Armada Nacional, includes Naval Aviation, Naval Infantry (Infanteria de Marina, Colmar), and Coast Guard), Colombian Air Force (Fuerza Aerea de Colombia, FAC) (2008)

Military service age and obligation:

18-24 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; service obligation - 18 months (2004)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16-49: 11,478,109

females age 16-49: 11,809,279 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16-49: 8,056,336

females age 16-49: 9,919,952 (2008 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

males age 16-49: 442,403

females age 16-49: 433,192 (2008 est.)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

3.4% (2005 est.)

Transnational Issues Colombia

Disputes - international:

in December 2007, ICJ allocates San Andres, Providencia, and Santa Catalina islands to Colombia under 1928 Treaty but does not rule on 82°W meridian as maritime boundary with Nicaragua; managed dispute with Venezuela over maritime boundary and Venezuelan-administered Los Monjes Islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics, guerrilla, and paramilitary activities penetrate all neighboring borders and have caused Colombian citizens to flee mostly into neighboring countries; Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Jamaica, and the US assert various claims to Bajo Nuevo and Serranilla Bank

Refugees and internally displaced persons:

IDPs: 1.8-3.5 million (conflict between government and illegal armed groups and drug traffickers) (2007)

Illicit drugs:

illicit producer of coca, opium poppy, and cannabis; world's leading coca cultivator with 144,000 hectares in coca cultivation in 2005, a 26% increase over 2004, producing a potential of 545 mt of pure cocaine; the world's largest producer of coca derivatives; supplies cocaine to most of the US market and the great majority of other international drug markets; in 2005, aerial eradication dispensed herbicide to treat over 130,000 hectares but aggressive replanting on the part of coca growers means Colombia remains a key producer; a significant portion of non-US narcotics proceeds are either laundered or invested in Colombia through the black market peso exchange; important supplier of heroin to the US market; opium poppy cultivation fell 50% between 2003 and 2004 to 2,100 hectares yielding a potential 3.8 metric tons of pure heroin, mostly for the US market; no poppy estimate was conducted in 2005

This page was last updated on 15 July, 2008

The World Factbook

Comoros

Introduction Comoros

Background:

Comoros has endured more than 20 coups or attempted coups since gaining independence from France in 1975. In 1997, the islands of Anjouan and Moheli declared independence from Comoros. In 1999, military chief Col. AZALI seized power in a bloodless coup, and helped negotiate the 2000 Fomboni Accords power-sharing agreement in which the federal presidency rotates among the three islands, and each island maintains its own local government. AZALI won the 2002 Presidential election, and each island in the archipelago elected its own president. AZALI stepped down in 2006 and President SAMBI took office. Since 2006, Anjouan's President Mohamed BACAR has refused to work effectively with the Union presidency. In 2007, BACAR effected Anjouan's de-facto secession from the Union, refusing to step down in favor of fresh Anjouanais elections when Comoros' other islands held legitimate elections in July. The African Union (AU) initially attempted to resolve the political crisis by applying sanctions and a naval blockade on Anjouan, but in March 2008, AU and Comoran soldiers seized the island. The move was generally welcomed by the island's inhabitants.

Geography Comoros

Location:

Southern Africa, group of islands at the northern mouth of the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique

Geographic coordinates:

12 10 S, 44 15 E

Map references:

Africa

Area:

total: 2,170 sq km

land: 2,170 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative:

slightly more than 12 times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

340 km

Maritime claims:

territorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate:

tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)

Terrain:

volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point: Le Kartala 2,360 m

Natural resources:

NEGL

Land use:

arable land: 35.87%

permanent crops: 23.32%

other: 40.81% (2005)

Irrigated land:

NA

Total renewable water resources:

1.2 cu km (2003)

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic / industrial / agricultural):

total: 0.01 cu km/yr (48%/5%/47%)

per capita: 13 cu m/yr (1999)

Natural hazards:

cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); Le Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano

Environment - current issues:

soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation

Environment - international agreements:

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note:

important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel

People Comoros

Population:

731,775 (July 2008 est.)

Age structure:

0-14 years: 42.4% (male 155,662/female 154,520)

15-64 years: 54.6% (male 197,178/female 202,231)

65 years and over: 3% (male 10,203/female 11,981) (2008 est.)

Median age:

total: 18.7 years

male: 18.5 years

female: 19 years (2008 est.)

Population growth rate:

2.803% (2008 est.)

Birth rate:

35.78 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Death rate:

7.76 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Net migration rate:

NA

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female

total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: 68.58 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 76.65 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 60.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 63.1 years

male: 60.72 years

female: 65.55 years (2008 est.)

Total fertility rate:

4.9 children born/woman (2008 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

0.12% (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths:

NA

Nationality:

noun: Comoran(s)

adjective: Comoran

Ethnic groups:

Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava

Religions:

Sunni Muslim 98%, Roman Catholic 2%

Languages:

Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic)

Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 56.5%

male: 63.6%

female: 49.3% (2003 est.)

Government Comoros

Country name:

conventional long form: Union of the Comoros

conventional short form: Comoros

local long form: Union des Comores

local short form: Comores

Government type:

republic

Capital:

name: Moroni

geographic coordinates: 11 42 S, 43 14 E

time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions:

3 islands and 4 municipalities*; Grande Comore, Anjouan, Domoni*, Fomboni*, Moheli, Moroni*, Mutsamudu*

Independence:

6 July 1975 (from France)

National holiday:

Independence Day, 6 July (1975)

Constitution:

23 December 2001

Legal system:

French and Islamic law in a new consolidated code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state: President Ahmed Abdallah SAMBI (since 26 May 2006)

head of government: President Ahmed Abdallah SAMBI (since 26 May 2006)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections: as defined by the 2001 constitution, the presidency rotates every four years among the elected presidents from the three main islands in the Union; election last held 14 May 2006 (next to be held by May 2010); prime minister appointed by the president; note - the post of prime minister has been vacant since May 2002

election results: Ahmed Abdallah SAMBI elected president; percent of vote - Ahmed Abdallah SAMBI 58.0%, Ibrahim HALIDI 28.3%, Mohamed DJAANFAMI 13.7%