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chancery: 1400 16th Street, Washington, DC 20036

telephone: [1] (202) 265-9671

FAX: [1] (202) 234-3763

consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Elizabeth (New Jersey), Houston, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, New York (2), Nogales (Arizona), Santa Ana (California), San Francisco, Washington (DC), Woodbridge (Virginia), Woodstock (Georgia)

Diplomatic representation from the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Charles L. GLAZER

embassy: Final Boulevard Santa Elena Sur, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, San Salvador

mailing address: Unit 3116, APO AA 34023

telephone: [503] 2278-4444

FAX: [503] 2278-6011

Flag description:

three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band

Economy El Salvador

Economy - overview:

The smallest country in Central America, El Salvador has the third largest economy, but growth has been modest in recent years. Robust growth in non-traditional exports have offset declines in the maquila exports, while remittances and external aid offset the trade deficit from high oil prices and strong import demand for consumer and intermediate goods. El Salvador leads the region in remittances per capita with inflows equivalent to nearly all export income. Implementation in 2006 of the Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA), which El Salvador was the first to ratify, has strengthened an already positive export trend. With the adoption of the US dollar as its currency in 2001, El Salvador lost control over monetary policy and must concentrate on maintaining a disciplined fiscal policy. The current government has pursued economic diversification, with some success in promoting textile production, international port services, and tourism through tax incentives. It is committed to opening the economy to trade and investment, and has embarked on a wave of privatizations extending to telecom, electricity distribution, banking, and pension funds. In late 2006, the government and the Millennium Challenge Corporation signed a five-year, $461 million compact to stimulate economic growth and reduce poverty in the country's northern region through investments in education, public services, enterprise development, and transportation infrastructure.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$41.65 billion (2007 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):

$20.37 billion (2007 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

4.7% (2007 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$5,800 (2007 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 9.7%

industry: 27.6%

services: 62.7% (2007 est.)

Labor force:

2.913 million (2007 est.)

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 19%

industry: 23%

services: 58% (2006 est.)

Unemployment rate:

6.2% official rate; but the economy has much underemployment (2007 est.)

Population below poverty line:

30.7% (2006 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 0.7%

highest 10%: 38.8% (2002)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

52.4 (2002)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

3.9% (2007 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):

14.7% of GDP (2007 est.)

Budget:

revenues: $3.659 billion

expenditures: $3.716 billion (2007 est.)

Public debt:

37.9% of GDP (2007 est.)

Agriculture - products:

coffee, sugar, corn, rice, beans, oilseed, cotton, sorghum; beef, dairy products; shrimp

Industries:

food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals

Industrial production growth rate:

3.4% (2007 est.)

Electricity - production:

5.316 billion kWh (2006)

Electricity - production by source:

fossil fuel: 44%

hydro: 30.9%

nuclear: 0%

other: 25.1% (2001)

Electricity - consumption:

5.319 billion kWh (2006)

Electricity - exports:

111.1 million kWh (2007)

Electricity - imports:

38.6 million kWh (2007)

Oil - production:

0 bbl/day (2005)

Oil - consumption:

43,200 bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - exports:

4,963 bbl/day (2006)

Oil - imports:

45,210 bbl/day (2006)

Oil - proved reserves:

0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.)

Natural gas - production:

0 cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - consumption:

0 cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - imports:

0 cu m (2005)

Natural gas - proved reserves:

0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)

Current account balance:

-$985 million (2007 est.)

Exports:

$3.83 billion (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

offshore assembly exports, coffee, sugar, shrimp, textiles, chemicals, electricity

Exports - partners:

US 49.6%, Guatemala 14.4%, Honduras 8.8%, Nicaragua 5% (2006)

Imports:

$8.208 billion (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity

Imports - partners:

US 32.2%, Guatemala 9.3%, Mexico 7.4%, Germany 6.3%, China 4.7% (2006)

Economic aid - recipient:

$267.6 million of which $55 million from US (2005)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$2.198 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$9.574 billion (December 2007)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

$5.352 billion (2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

$239 million (2007 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$3.623 billion (2005)

Currency (code):

US dollar (USD)

Currency code:

USD

Exchange rates:

the US dollar became El Salvador's currency in 2001

Fiscal year:

calendar year

Communications El Salvador

Telephones - main lines in use:

1.037 million (2006)

Telephones - mobile cellular:

3.852 million (2006)

Telephone system:

general assessment: the four mobile-cellular service providers are expanding services rapidly and in 2006 mobile-cellular density stood at roughly 55 per 100 persons; growth in fixed-line services has slowed in the face of mobile-cellular competition

domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system

international: country code - 503; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 52, FM 144, shortwave 0 (2005)

Radios:

2.75 million (1997)

Television broadcast stations:

5 (1997)

Televisions:

600,000 (1990)

Internet country code:

.sv

Internet hosts:

12,519 (2007)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

4 (2000)

Internet users:

637,000 (2005)

Transportation El Salvador

Airports:

65 (2007)

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 4

over 3,047 m: 1

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2007)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 61

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

914 to 1,523 m: 12

under 914 m: 48 (2007)

Heliports:

1 (2007)

Railways:

total: 562 km

narrow gauge: 562 km 0.914-m gauge

note: railways not in operation since 2005 because of disuse and high costs that led to a lack of maintenance (2007)

Roadways:

total: 10,886 km

paved: 2,827 km

unpaved: 8,059 km (2000)

Waterways:

Rio Lempa partially navigable for small craft (2007)

Ports and terminals:

Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco

Military El Salvador

Military branches:

Salvadoran Army (ES), Salvadoran Navy (FNES), Salvadoran Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Salvadorena, FAS) (2008)

Military service age and obligation:

18 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 16 years of age for voluntary service; 12-month service obligation (2006)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16-49: 1,634,816

females age 16-49: 1,775,474 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16-49: 1,168,406

females age 16-49: 1,519,375 (2008 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

males age 16-49: 73,915

females age 16-49: 71,252 (2008 est.)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

5% (2006)

Transnational Issues El Salvador

Disputes - international:

International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled on the delimitation of "bolsones" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras boundary, in 1992, with final agreement by the parties in 2006 after an Organization of American States (OAS) survey and a further ICJ ruling in 2003; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca advocating Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not identified in the ICJ decision, off Honduras in the Gulf of Fonseca

Illicit drugs:

transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of marijuana produced for local consumption; significant use of cocaine

This page was last updated on 15 July, 2008

The World Factbook

Equatorial Guinea

Introduction Equatorial Guinea

Background:

Equatorial Guinea gained independence in 1968 after 190 years of Spanish rule. This tiny country, composed of a mainland portion plus five inhabited islands, is one of the smallest on the African continent. President Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO has ruled the country since 1979 when he seized power in a coup. Although nominally a constitutional democracy since 1991, the 1996 and 2002 presidential elections - as well as the 1999 and 2004 legislative elections - were widely seen as flawed. The president exerts almost total control over the political system and has discouraged political opposition. Equatorial Guinea has experienced rapid economic growth due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves, and in the last decade has become Sub-Saharan Africa's third largest oil exporter. Despite the country's economic windfall from oil production resulting in a massive increase in government revenue in recent years, there have been few improvements in the population's living standards.

Geography Equatorial Guinea

Location:

Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Cameroon and Gabon

Geographic coordinates:

2 00 N, 10 00 E

Map references:

Africa

Area:

total: 28,051 sq km

land: 28,051 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative:

slightly smaller than Maryland

Land boundaries:

total: 539 km

border countries: Cameroon 189 km, Gabon 350 km

Coastline:

296 km

Maritime claims:

territorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate:

tropical; always hot, humid

Terrain:

coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point: Pico Basile 3,008 m

Natural resources:

petroleum, natural gas, timber, gold, bauxite, diamonds, tantalum, sand and gravel, clay

Land use:

arable land: 4.63%

permanent crops: 3.57%

other: 91.8% (2005)

Irrigated land:

NA

Total renewable water resources:

26 cu km (2001)

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic / industrial / agricultural):

total: 0.11 cu km/yr (83%/16%/1%)

per capita: 220 cu m/yr (2000)

Natural hazards:

violent windstorms, flash floods

Environment - current issues:

tap water is not potable; deforestation

Environment - international agreements:

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note:

insular and continental regions widely separated

People Equatorial Guinea

Population:

616,459 (July 2008 est.)

Age structure:

0-14 years: 42% (male 131,696/female 127,253)

15-64 years: 53.8% (male 162,458/female 169,445)

65 years and over: 4.2% (male 11,394/female 14,213) (2008 est.)

Median age:

total: 18.9 years

male: 18.3 years

female: 19.5 years (2008 est.)

Population growth rate:

2.732% (2008 est.)

Birth rate:

37.04 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Death rate:

9.72 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Net migration rate:

NA

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female

total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: 83.75 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 84.85 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 82.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 61.23 years

male: 60.36 years

female: 62.13 years (2008 est.)

Total fertility rate:

5.16 children born/woman (2008 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

3.4% (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

5,900 (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:

370 (2001 est.)

Major infectious diseases:

degree of risk: very high

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne disease: malaria (2008)

Nationality:

noun: Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatoguinean(s)

adjective: Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean

Ethnic groups:

Fang 85.7%, Bubi 6.5%, Mdowe 3.6%, Annobon 1.6%, Bujeba 1.1%, other 1.4% (1994 census)

Religions:

nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic, pagan practices

Languages:

Spanish 67.6% (official), other 32.4% (includes French (official), Fang, Bubi) (1994 census)

Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 87%

male: 93.4%

female: 80.5% (2000 est.)

Government Equatorial Guinea

Country name:

conventional long form: Republic of Equatorial Guinea

conventional short form: Equatorial Guinea

local long form: Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial/Republique de Guinee equatoriale

local short form: Guinea Ecuatorial/Guinee equatoriale

former: Spanish Guinea

Government type: