"I'm sorry, but I had hardly any sleep last night. I'm afraid you'll have to explain it more clearly."
"Aquinas believed that there need be no conflict between what philosophy or reason teaches us and what the Christian Revelation or faith teaches us. Christendom and philosophy often say the same thing. So we can frequently reason ourselves to the same truths that we can read in the Bible."
"How come? Can reason tell us that God created the world in six days or that Jesus was the Son of God?"
"No, those so-called verities of faith are only accessible through belief and the Christian Revelation. But Aquinas believed in the existence of a number of 'natural theological truths.' By that he meant truths that could be reached both through Christian faith and through our innate or natural reason. For example, the truth that there is a God. Aquinas believed that there are two paths to God. One path goes through faith and the Christian Revelation, and the other goes through reason and the senses. Of these two, the path of faith and revelation is certainly the surest, because it is easy to lose one's way by trusting to reason alone. But Aquinas's point was that there need not be any conflict between a philosopher like Aristotle and the Christian doctrine."
"So we can take our choice between believing Aristotle and believing the Bible?"
"Not at all. Aristotle goes only part of the way because he didn't know of the Christian revelation. But going only part of the way is not the same as going the wrong way. For example, it is not wrong to say that Athens is in Europe. But neither is it particularly precise. If a book only tells you that Athens is a city in Europe, it would be wise to look it up in a geography book as well. There you would find the whole truth that Athens is the capital of Greece, a small country in southeastern Europe. If you are lucky you might be told a little about the Acropolis as well. Not to mention Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle."
"But the first bit of information about Athens was true."
"Exactly! Aquinas wanted to prove that there is only one truth. So when Aristotle shows us something our reason tells us is true, it is not in conflict with Christian teaching. We can arrive successfully at one aspect of the truth with the aid of reason and the evidence of our senses. For example, the kind of truths Aristotle refers to when he describes the plant and the animal kingdom. Another aspect of the truth is revealed to us by God through the Bible. But the two aspects of the truth overlap at significant points. There are many questions about which the Bible and reason tell us exactly the same thing."
"Like there being a God?"
"Exactly. Aristotle's philosophy also presumed the existence of a God--or a formal cause--which sets all natural processes going. But he gives no further description of God. For this we must rely solely on the Bible and the teachings of Jesus."
"Is it so absolutely certain that there is a God?"
"It can be disputed, obviously. But even in our day most people will agree that human reason is certainly not capable of disproving the existence of God. Aquinas went further. He believed that he could prove God's existence on the basis of Aristotle's philosophy."
"Not bad!"
"With our reason we can recognize that everything around us must have a 'formal cause,' he believed. God has revealed himself to mankind both through the Bible and through reason. There is thus both a 'theology of faith' and a 'natural theology.' The same is true of the moral aspect. The Bible teaches us how God wants us to live. But God has also given us a conscience which enables us to distinguish between right and wrong on a 'natural' basis. There are thus also 'two paths' to a moral life. We know that it is wrong to harm people even if we haven't read in the Bible that we must 'do unto others as you would have them do unto you.' Here, too, the surest guide is to follow the Bible's commandment."
"I think I understand," said Sophie now. "It's almost like how we know there's a thunderstorm, by seeing the lightning and by hearing the thunder."
"That's right! We can hear the thunder even if we are blind, and we can see the lightning even if we are deaf. It's best if we can both see and hear, of course. But there is no contradiction between what we see and what we hear. On the contrary--the two impressions reinforce each other."
"I see."
"Let me add another picture. If you read a novel-- John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men, for example ..."
"I've read that, actually."
"Don't you feel you know something about the author just by reading his book?"
"I realize there is a person who wrote it."
"Is that all you know about him?"
"He seems to care about outsiders."
"When you read this book--which is Steinbeck's creation--you get to know something about Steinbeck's nature as well. But you cannot expect to get any personal information about the author. Could you tell from reading Of Mice and Men how old the author was when he wrote it, where he lived, or how many children he had?"
"Of course not."
"But you can find this information in a biography of John Steinbeck. Only in a biography--or an autobiography--can you get better acquainted with Steinbeck, the person."
"That's true."
"That's more or less how it is with God's Creation and the Bible. We can recognize that there is a God just by walking around in the natural world. We can easily see that He loves flowers and animals, otherwise He would not have made them. But information about God, the person, is only found in the Bible--or in God's 'autobiography,' if you like."
"You're good at finding examples."
"Mmmm..."
For the first time Alberto just sat there thinking-- without answering.
"Does all this have anything to do with Hilde?" Sophie could not help asking.
"We don't know whether there is a 'Hilde' at all."
"But we know someone is planting evidence of her all over the place. Postcards, a silk scarf, a green wallet, a stocking ..."
Alberto nodded. "And it seems as if it is Hilde's father who is deciding how many clues he will plant," he said. "For now, all we know is that someone is sending us a lot of postcards. I wish he would write something about himself too. But we shall return to that later."
"It's a quarter to eleven. I'll have to get home before the end of the Middle Ages."
"I shall just conclude with a few words about how Aquinas adopted Aristotle's philosophy in all the areas where it did not collide with the Church's theology. These included his logic, his theory of knowledge, and not least his natural philosophy. Do you recall, for ex-ample, how Aristotle described the progressive scale of life from plants and animals to humans?"
Sophie nodded.
"Aristotle believed that this scale indicated a God that constituted a sort of maximum of existence. This scheme of things was not difficult to align with Christian theology. According to Aquinas, there was a progressive degree of existence from plants and animals to man, from man to angels, and from angels to God. Man, like animals, has a body and sensory organs, but man also has intelligence which enables him to reason things out.
Angels have no such body with sensory organs, which is why they have spontaneous and immediate intelligence. They have no need to 'ponder,' like humans; they have no need to reason out conclusions. They know everything that man can know without having to learn it step by step like us. And since angels have no body, they can never die. They are not everlasting like God, because they were once created by God. But they have no body that they must one day depart from, and so they will never die."
"That sounds lovely!"
"But up above the angels, God rules, Sophie. He can see and know everything in one single coherent vision."
"So he can see us now."
"Yes, perhaps he can. But not 'now.' For God, time does not exist as it does for us. Our 'now' is not God's 'now.' Because many weeks pass for us, they do not necessarily pass for God."
"That's creepy!" Sophie exclaimed. She put her hand over her mouth. Alberto looked down at her, and Sophie continued: "I got another card from Hilde's father yesterday. He wrote something like--even if it takes a week or two for Sophie, that doesn't have to mean it will be that long for us. That's almost the same as what you said about God!"
Sophie could see a sudden frown flash across Alberto's face beneath the brown cowl.
"He ought to be ashamed of himself!"
Sophie didn't quite understand what Alberto meant. He went on: "Unfortunately, Aquinas also adopted Aristotle's view of women. You may perhaps recall that Aristotle thought a woman was more or less an incomplete man. He also thought that children only inherit the father's characteristics, since a woman was passive and receptive while the man was active and creative. According to Aquinas, these views harmonized with the message of the Bible--which, for example, tells us that woman was made out of Adam's rib."
"Nonsense!"
"It's interesting to note that the eggs of mammals were not discovered until 1827. It was therefore perhaps not so surprising that people thought it was the man who was the creative and lifegiving force in reproduction. We can moreover note that, according to Aquinas, it is only as nature-being that woman is inferior to man. Woman's soul is equal to man's soul. In Heaven there is complete equality of the sexes because all physical gender differences cease to exist."
"That's cold comfort. Weren't there any women philosophers in the Middle Ages?"
"The life of the church in the Middle Ages was heavily dominated by men. But that did not mean that there were no women thinkers. One of them was Hildegard of Bingen..."
Sophie's eyes widened:
"Does she have anything to do with Hilde?"
"What a question! Hildegard lived as a nun in the Rhine Valley from 1098 to 1179. In spite of being a woman, she worked as preacher, author, physician, botanist, and naturalist. She is an example of the fact that women were often more practical, more scientific even, in the Middle Ages."
"But what about Hilde?"
"It was an ancient Christian and Jewish belief that God was not only a man. He also had a female side, or 'mother nature.' Women, too, are created in God's likeness. In Greek, this female side of God is called Sophia. 'Sophia' or 'Sophie' means wisdom."
Sophie shook her head resignedly. Why had nobody ever told her that? And why had she never asked?
Alberto continued: "Sophia, or God's mother nature, had a certain significance both for Jews and in the Greek Orthodox Church throughout the Middle Ages. In the west she was forgotten. But along comes Hildegard. Sophia appeared to her in a vision, dressed in a golden tunic adorned with costly jewels ..."
Sophie stood up. Sophia had revealed herself to Hildegard in a vision ...
"Maybe I will appear to Hilde."
She sat down again. For the third time Alberto laid his hand on her shoulder.
"That is something we must look into. But now it is past eleven o'clock. You must go home, and we are approaching a new era. I shall summon you to a meeting on the Renaissance. Hermes will come get you in the garden."
With that the strange monk rose and began to walk toward the church. Sophie stayed where she was, thinking about Hildegard and Sophia, Hilde and Sophie. Suddenly she jumped up and ran after the monk-robed philosopher, calling:
"Was there also an Alberto in the Middle Ages?"
Alberto slowed his pace somewhat, turned his head slightly and said, "Aquinas had a famous philosophy teacher called Albert the Great..."
With that he bowed his head and disappeared through the door of St. Mary's Church.
Sophie was not satisfied with his answer. She followed him into the church. But now it was completely empty. Did he go through the floor?
Just as she was leaving the church she noticed a picture of the Madonna. She went up to it and studied it closely. Suddenly she discovered a little drop of water under one of the Madonna's eyes. Was it a tear?
Sophie rushed out of the church and hurried back to Joanna's.
中世纪
……对了一部分并不等于错……
一个星期过去了，艾伯特并没有来信，苏菲也没有再接到从黎巴嫩寄来的明信片。不过，她和乔安倒是还时常谈到她们在少校的小木屋中发现的那些明信片。那次乔安真的是被吓到了。不过由于后来也没有再发生什么事，于是当时的恐怖感就慢慢消退在功课与羽球之中了。
苏菲一遍遍重读艾伯特的来信，试图寻找一些线索以解答有关席德的谜，她因此有许多机会消化古典哲学。现在她已经能够轻易地辨别德谟克里特斯与苏格拉底的不同，以及柏拉图与亚理斯多德的差异了。
五月二十五日星期五那天，妈妈还没有回家。苏菲站在炉子前准备晚餐。这是他们母女订的协议。今天苏菲煮的是鱼丸萝卜汤，再简单不过了。
屋外的风愈来愈大。苏菲站在那儿搅拌着汤时，转身朝窗户看。窗外的桦树正像玉蜀黍茎一般地摇摆不定。
突然间，有个东西“啪”一声碰到窗框。苏菲再度转身来看，发现有一张卡片贴在窗户上。
那是一张明信片。即使透过玻璃，她也可以看清楚，上面写着：“请苏菲代转席德”。
她早料到了。她打开窗户取下那张明信片，它总不会是被风一路从黎巴嫩吹到这里来的吧?这张明信片的日期也是六月十五日。
苏菲把汤从炉子上端下来，然后坐在餐桌旁。明信片上写着：
亲爱的席德：
我不知道你看到这张卡片时，你的生日过了没有。我希望还没有，至少不要过大久。对于苏菲来说，一两个星期也许不像我们认为的那么漫长。我将回家过仲夏节。到时，我们就可以一起坐在秋汗上看海看几个小时。我有好多话要跟你说。对了，爸爸我有时对一千年来犹太人、基督徒与伊斯兰教徒之间的纷争感到非常沮丧。
我必须时常提醒自己，这三个宗教事实上都是从亚伯拉罕而来的。
因此，我想，他们应该都向同一个上帝祷告吧!在这里，该隐与亚伯仍然还未停止互相残杀。
P．S：请替我向苏菲打招呼。可怜的孩子，她还是不知道这到卜是怎么回事。不过我想你大概知道吧!苏菲把头趴在桌子上，觉得好累。她的确不知道这究竟是怎么回事。不过席德却好像知道。
如果席德的父亲要她向苏菲打招呼，这表示席德对苏菲的了解比苏菲对她的了解多。这件事情实在太复杂了。苏菲决定回去继续做晚饭。
居然有明信片会自己飞到厨房的窗户上来!这应该可以算是航空邮件了吧!她刚把汤锅放在炉子上，电话就响了起来。
如果是爸爸打来的该多好j她急切希望他赶快回家，她就可以告诉他这几个礼拜以来发生的事。不过她想很可能只是乔安或妈妈打来的……苏菲赶快拿起话筒。
“我是苏菲。”她说。
“是我。”电话里的声音说。
是一个男人的声音。苏菲可以确定这人不是她爸爸，而且这个声音她以前听过。
“你是哪一位?”
“我是艾伯特。”
“哦!”
苏菲讲不出话来。她这才想到原来自己是在高城的录影带上听过这个声音。
“你还好吗?”
“我没事。”
“从现在起，我不会再寄信给你了。”
“不过，我并没有寄一只青蛙给你呀]”
“我们必须见面。因为，情况开始变得比较急迫了“为什么?”
“因为席德的爸爸正在向我们逼近。”
“怎么逼近?”
“从四面八方逼近。现在我们必须一起努力。”
“怎么做呢?”
“在我告诉你有关中世纪的事以前，你是帮不上什么忙的。还有，我们也应该谈一谈文艺复兴时期和十七世纪。柏克莱是最重要的人物……”
“他不是少校的小木屋里那幅肖像画中的人吗?”
“没错。也许这场对抗就是和他的哲学有关。”
“听起来好像在打仗一样。”
“我宁可说这是一场意志之战。我们必须吸引席德的注意力，并且设法使她在她父亲回到黎乐桑之前站在我们这边。”
“我还是不懂。”
“也许那些哲学家们能够让你明白。早上四点你到圣玛莉教堂来找我，不过你只能一个人来。”
中世纪“半夜去呀?”
电话“卡!”的响了一声。
“喂?”
电话里传来嗡嗡的声音。他把电话挂上了!苏菲冲回炉子旁，汤已经沸腾，差点溢了出来。
