第 11 页

NOTES:

1. Hist. Eng. Law, i. 558. The terms here used were adopted when the Introduction to the Selden Society's Select Pleas in Manorial Courts (1888) was being written. M. Esmein in his Cours d'histoire du droit fran鏰is, ed. 2 (1895), p. 259, has insisted on the same distinction but has used other and perhaps apter terms. According to him 'la justice rendue par les seigneurs' (my seignorial justice) is either 'la justice seigneuriale' (my franchisal justice) or 'la justice f閛dale' (my feudal justice).

2. See Liebermann, Leges Edwardi, p. 88.

3. Leg. Hen. 9, sect. 9.

4. Leg. Henr. 20 sect. 2.

5. Leg. Henr. 27.

6. Hist. Eng. Law, i. 532.

7. Leg. Henr. 57 sect. 8. Cf. 59 sect. 19.

8. Leg. Henr. 55.

9. Leg. Henr. 10. sect. 1.

10. Leg. Henr. 11 sect. 1. This explains the 'participatio' of 9 sect. 9.

11. Leg. Henr. 19.

12. Leg. Henr. 20 sect. 2.

13. Leg. Henr. 9 sect. 4; 20 sect. 2; 57 sect. 8; 78 sect. 2.

14. Hist. Eng. Law, i. 574.

15. Hist. Eng. Law, i. 571.

16. See e.g. Geoffrey Clinton for Kenilworth, Monast. vi. 221: 'Concedo... ut habeant curiam suam... ita libere... sicut ego meam curiam... ex concessu regis melius et firmius habeo.' Robert of Ouilly for Osney, ibid. p. 'Volo... quod habeant curiam ipsorum liberam de suis hominibus de omnimodis transgression et defalits, et quieti sint tam ipsi quam eorum tenentes de omnimodis curiae meae sectis.'

17. See Liebermann, Leg. Edw. p. 91.

18. Thus in D. B. ii. 409 we find two successive entries, the 'in saca regis et comitis' of the one, being to all seeming an equivalent for the 'in soca regis et comitis' of the other. D. B. ii. 416: 'de omnibus habuit antecessor Rannulfi commendationem et sacam excepto uno qui est in soca S. Edmundi.' Ibid. ii. 391 b: 'liberi homines Wisgari cum saca... liber homo... sub Witgaro cum soca.' In the Iquisitio Eliensis (e.g. Hamilton, p. 109) saca is sometimes used instead of soca in the common formula 'sed soca remansit abbati.' In D. B. ii. 264 b, a scribe having written 'sed habet sacam' has afterwards substituted an o for the a; we have noted no other instance of such care.

19. Hist. Eng. Law, i. 566.

20. D. B. i. 184, Ewias.

21. Leg. Henry. 201. The author of Leg. Edw. Conf., c. 22, also attempts to connect soke with seeking, but his words are exceedingly obscure: 'Soche est quod si aliquisquaerit aliquid interrasua,etiam furtum, sua est iustitia, si inventum sit an non.' On the whole we take this nonsense to mean that my right of soke is my right to do justice in case any one seeks (by way of legal proceedings) anything in my land, even though the accusation that he brings be one of theft, and even though the stolen goods have not been found on the thief. Already the word is a prey to the etymologist.

22. D. B. ii. 256.

23. Heming Cart. i. 75-6: 'quod illae 15 hidae iuste pertinent ad Osuualdeslaue hundredum episcopi et debent cum ipso episcopo censum regis solvere et omnia alia servitia ad regem pertinentia et inde idem requirere ad placitandum.' Another account of the same transaction, ibid. 77, says 'et [episcopus] deraciocinavit socam et sacam de Hantoma ad suum hundred Osuualdeslauue quod ibi debent placitare et geldum et expeditionem et cetera legis servitia de illis 15 hidis secum debent persolvere.'

24. Schmid, Glossar. s. v. s骳en. The word, it would seem, first makes its way into the vocabulary of the law as describing the act of seeking a sanctuary and the protection that a criminal gains by that act. A forged charter of Edgar for Thorney Abbey, Red Book of Thorney, Camb. Univ. Lib,. f. 4, says that the word is a Danish word -- 'Regi vero pro consensu et eiusdem mercimonii licentia ac pro reatus emendatione quam Dani socne usitato nominant vocabulo, centum dedit splendidissimi auri mancusas.'

25. Leg. Henr. 9 sect. 4.

26. Ibid.

27. Ibid. 22.

28. Ibid. 20 sect. 3.

29. Ibid. 24.

30. Selden's Eadmer, p. 197; Bigelow, Placita Anglo-Norman, p. 7.

31. D. B. i. 238 b, Alvestone.

32. Cnut, ii. 12. We may construe these terms by breach of the king's special peace, attacks on houses, ambush, neglect of the summons to the host. In Hereford, D. B. i. 179, the king is accounted to have three pleas, breach of his peace, h醡fare, which is the same as h醡s骳n, and forsteal; and besides this he receives the penalty from a man who wakes default in military service.

33. D. B. 298 b.

34. D. B. i. 87 b: 'Istae consuetudines pertinent ad Tantone, burgheristh, latrones, pacis infractio, hainfare, denarii de hundret, et denarii S. Petri; ter in anno teneri placita episcopi sine ammonitione; profectio in exercitum cum hominibus episcopi.' See also the English document, Kemble, Cod. Dipl. iv. p. 233. The odd word burgheristh looks like a corrupt form of burgrid (the peace of the burh), or of burhgerihta (burhrights, borough-dues), which word occurs in the English document.

35. D. B. i. 172, 175.

36. Cnut ii. 12, 13, 14. Perhaps when in other parts of England the pleas of the crown are reckoned to be but four, it is treated as self-evident that the outlaw falls into the king's hand, as also the man who harbours an outlaw. If fihtw韙e is the right word, we must suppose with Schmid (p. 586) that a fihtwite was only paid when there was homicide. A fine mere fighting or drawing blood would not have been a reserved plea.

37. D. B. ii. 179 b: 'Et iste Withri habebat sacham et socam super istam terram et rex et comes 6 forisfacturas.' Ibid. 223: 'In Cheiunchala soca de 6 forisfacturis.'

38. D. B. ii. 413 b: 'socam et sacam praeter 6 forisfacturas S. Eadmundi.' Ibid. 373: 'S. Eadmundus 6 forisfacturas.' Ibid. 384 b: 'Tota hec terra iacebat in dominio Abbatiae [de Eli] T. R. E. cum omni consuetudine praeter sex forisfacturas S. Eadmundi.'

39. D. B. ii. 244: 'sex liberi homines... ex his habet S. Benedictus socam et de uno commendationem et de 24 tres forisfacturas.'

40. D. B. i. 336 b: 'praeter geld et heriete et forisfacturam corporum Suorum de 40 oris argenti et praeter latronem.' Such a phrase as 'geld, heriot and thief' is instructive.

41. D. B. i. 4 b.

42. William I for Ely, Hamilton, Inquisitio, p. xviii.: 'omnes alias forisfacturas quae emendabiles sunt.'

43. D. B. ii. 195: 'Super hos habuit T. R. E. Episcopus 6 forisfacturas sed hundret nee vidit breve nee sigillum nec concessum Regis.'

44. D. B. ii. 34 b.

45. See e.g. D. B. i. 220.

46. D. B. i. 336: 'Rogerius de Busli habet unum mansum Sueni filiicum Suaue cum saca et soca. Judita comitissa habet unum mansum Stori sine saca et soca.'

47. D. B. i. 2.

48. D. B. i. 1 b.

49. D. B. i. 337.

50. D. B. i. 280 b.

51. D. B. ii. 185 : 'Super omnes liberos istius hundreti [de Northerpingeham] habet Rex sacam et socam.' Ibid. 188 b: 'Rex et comes de omnibus istis liberis hominibus socam.' Ibid. 203: 'Et de omnibus his liberis [Episcopi Osberni] soca in hundreto.'

52. D. B. ii. 210: 'Super omnes istos liberos homines habuit Rex Eadwardus socam et sacam, et postea Guert accepit per vim, sed Rex Willelmus dedit [S. Eadmundo] cum manerio socam et sacam de omnibus liberis Guert sicut ipse tenebat; hoc reclamant monachi.'

53. Below, p. 137.

54. D. B. ii. 425 b.

55. D. B. ii. 287, 287 b: 'Sanfort Hund. et dim... Supradictum manerium scilicet Bercolt... cum soca de hundreto et dimidio reddebat T. R. E. 24 lib.' On subsequent pages it is often said that the soke of certain persons or lands is in Bergholt.

56. D. B. ii. 408 b: 'Hagala tenuit Gutmundus sub Rege Edwardo pro manerio 8 car[ueatarum] terrae cum soca et saca surer dominium hallae tantum. Tunc 32 villani... 8 bordarii... 10 servi. Semper 4 carucae in dominio. Tunc et post 24 carucae hominum..,. Sex sochemanni eiusdem Gutmundi de quibus soca est in hundreto.

57. D. B. ii. 216: 'De Redeham habebat Abbas socam super hos qui sequebantur faldam, et de aliis soca in hundreto.' Ibid. 129 b: 'Super omnes istos qui faldam Comitis requirebant habebat Comes socam sacam, super alios omnes Rex et Comes.' Ibid. 194b: 'In Begetuna et tenuit Episcopus Almarus per emptionem T. R. E. cum soca et saca de Comite Algaro de bor[dariis] et sequentibus faldam carucatas terrae.' Ibid. 350 b: 'habebat socam et sacam super hallam et 3 bordarios.'

58. D. B. ii. 130 b.

59. D. B. i. 265 b: 'Hoc manerium habet suum placitum in aula domini sui.'

60. Above, p. 118.

61. D. B. ii. 385 b.

62. D. B. ii. 46 b.

63. D. B. i. 283 b.

64. D. B. i. 11 b; Chron. de Bello (Anglia Christiana Soc.) p. 28; Battle Custumals (Camd. Soc.), p. 126.

65. D. B. i. 154b.

66. D. B. 39 b, Hants: 'Huic manerio pertinet soca duorum hundredorum.' Ibid. 64 b, Wilts: 'In hac firma erant placita hundretorum de Cicementone et Sutelesberg quae regi pertinebant.' Ibid. ii. 185: 'Super omnes liberos istius hundreti habet rex sacam et socam.' Ibid. ii. 113 b: 'Soca et sacha de Grenehou hundreto pertinet ad Wistune manerium Regis, quicunque ibi teneat, et habent Rex et Comes.'

67. See above, note 1.

68. Above, p. 119.

69. D. B. ii. 379: 'Super ferting de Almeham habet W. Episcopus socam et sacam.'

70. D. B. i. 184: 'Haec terra non pertinet... ad hundredum. De hac terra habet Rogerius 15 sexatarios mellis et 15 porcos quando homines sunt ibi et placita super eos.'

71. D. B. ii. 139 b.

72. D. B. ii. 114.

73. D. B. i. 340, 346, 357 b, 366, 368 b (ter). See also on f. 344, 344 b, the symbol fd in the margin. The word frids骳n occurs in AEthelr. VIII, 1 and Cnut i. 23, where it seems to stand for a sanctuary, an asylum.

74. If one of A's tenants is sued in a personal action in the hundred court he will have to answer there unless A appears and 'claims his court.' This comes out plainly in certain rolls of the court of Wisbeach Hundred, which by the kind permission of the Bishop of Ely, I have examined. On a roll of 33 Edw. I, we find Stephen Hamond sued for a debt; 'et super hoc venit Prior Elyensis et petit curiam suam; et Thomas Doreward petit curiam suam de dicto Stephano residente suo et tenente suo.' The petition is refused on the ground that Stephen is not his tenant, and Doreward's prior's petition is refused on the ground that it is unprecedented

75. D. B. ii. 291: 'Et fuit in soca Regis. Postquam Briennus habuit, nullam consuetudinem reddidit in hundreto.' Ibid. 240: 'Hoc totum tenuit Lisius pro uno manerio; modo tenet Eudo successor illius et in T. R. E. soca et saca fuit in hundreto; set modo tenet Eudo.' -- Ibid. 240 b; 'Soca istius terre T. R. E. iacuit in Folsa Regis; modo habet Walterius [Giffardus].' -- Ibid. 285 b: the hundred testified that in truth the King and Earl had the soke and sake in the Confessor's day, but the men of the vill say that Burchard likewise (similiter) had the soke of his free men as well as of his villeins.

76. D. B. i. 35 b: 'Duo fratres tenuerunt T. R. E.; unusquisque habuit domum suam et tamen manserunt in unia curia.' Ibid. 103 b; 'Ibi molendinum serviens curiae.' Ibid. I63: 'arabant et herciabant ad curiam domini.'

77. D. B. i. 87 b. Kemble, Cod. Dip., iv. p. 233: 'and iwa secan gemot on 12 mondum.'

78. D. B. i. 193 b; Hamilton, Inquisitio, 77-9.

79. D. B. i. 75.

80. D. B. i. 238.

81. D. B. i. 186.

82. D. B. i. 38 b.

83. D. B. i. 101.

84. D. B. i. 280 b: 'Hic notantur qui habuerunt socam et sacam et thol et thaim et consuetudinem Regis 2 denariorum... Horum omnium nemo habere potuit tercium denarium comitis nisi eius concessu et hoc quamdiu viveret, preter Archiepiscopum et Ulf Ferisc et Godeue Comitissam.'

85. See above p. 123, note 1.

86. D. B. ii. 123 b: 'De istis est soca in hundreto ad tercium denarium.

87. D. B. ii. 282.

88. D. B. ii. 312: 'Rex habet in Duneuuic consuetudinem hanc quod duo vel tres ibunt ad hundret si recte moniti fuerint, et si hoc non faciunt, forisfacti sunt de 2 oris, et si latro ibi fuerit captus ibi judicabitur, et corporalis iusticia in Blieburc capietur, et sua pecunia remanebit dominio de Duneuuic.' It seems to us that the first ibi must refer to Dunwich and therefore that the second does so likewise. Still the passage is ambiguous enough.

89. See above, p. 121.

90. Battle Custumals (Camden Soc.) 136. This is an interesting example, for it suggests an explanation of the common claim to hold a court 'outside' the hundred court (petit curiam suam extra hundredum). The claimant's men will go apart and hold a little court by themselves outside 'the four benches' of the hundred.

91. D. B. i. 32: 'et si quis forisfaciens ibi calumpniatus fuisset, Regi emendabat; si vero non calumpniatus abisset sub eo qui sacam et socam habuisset, ille emendam de reo haberet.' Compare with this the account of Guildford, Ibid. 30.

92. D. B. i. 5 6 b.

93. D. B. i. 336 b.

94. D. B. i. 238.

95. The passages from the dooms are collected by Schmid s. v. Hausfriede, Feohtan.

96. Ine, 6 sect. 3: 'If he fight in the house of a gavel-payer or boor, let him give 30 shillings by way of wite and 6 shillings to the boor.'

97. D. B. i. 204.

98. D. B. ii. 419 b: 'Cercesfort tenuit Scapius teinnus Haroldi... Scapius habuit socam sub Haroldo.' -- Ibid. 313: 'Heroldus socam habuit et Stanuuinus de eo.... Idem Stannuuinus socam habuit de Heroldo.'

99. D. B. i. 142 b: 'et vendere potuerunt praeter socam; unus autem corum etiam socam suam cum terra vendere poterat.' comp. D. B. ii. 230: 'Huic manerio iacent 5 liberi homines ad socam tantum commend [ati] et 2 de omni consuetudine.' -- Ibid. ii. 59: 'In Cingeham tenuit Sauinus presbyter 15 acras... in eadem villa tenuit Etsinus 15 acras... Isti supradicti fuerunt liberi ita quod ipsi possent vendere terram cum soca et saca ut hundrems testatur.' -- Ibid. ii. 40 b: 'et iste fuit ita liber quod posset ire quo vellet cum soca et sacha set tantum fuit homo Wisgari.'

100. Leg. Henr. 81 sect. 3: 'Quidam, villani qui sunt, eiusmodi leierwitam et blodwitam et huiusmodi minora forisfacta emerunt a dominis suis, vel quomodo meruerunt, de suis et in suos, quorum flet-gefoth vel overseunessa est 30 den.; coth seti 15 den.; servi 6 (al. 5) den.' The flet-gefoth seems to be the sum due for fighting in a man's flet or house.

101. Munimenta Gildhallae, i. 66.

102. Hist. Eng. Law, i. 580-2.

103. D. B. ii. 424; 'Et dicunt etiam quod istam terram R[anulfus] calumpniavit supra Radulfum, et vicecomes Rogerius denominavit illis constitutum tempus m[odo] ut ambo adfuissent; Ranulfo adveniente defuit Radulfus et iccirco diiudicaverunt homines hundreti Rannulfum esse saisitum.' -- Ibid. i. 165 b: 'Modo iacet in Bernitone hundredo iudicio hominum eiusdem hundredi.' -- Ibid. i. 58 b: 'unde iudicium non dixerunt, sed ante Regem ut iudicet dimiserunt.' -- Ibid. 182 b; 'In isto hundredo ad placita conveniunt qui ibi manent ut rectum faciant et accipiant.'