68 那里的“戈狄”兼具神职人员与政治领袖的角色（见第4章）。
69 见于《埃里人萨迦》（The saga of the people of Eyri），其中记载了斯诺里戈狄和阿恩凯尔戈狄这两个冰岛主要的祭司-贵族家族之间的世仇。
70 Stephen A. Mitchell, Witchcraft and Magic in the Nordic Middle Ages （Philadelphia 2011）, p. 21.
71 The Borgarthing Law of the Codex Tunsbergensis . . . Diplomatic edition, with an introduction on the paleography and the orthography （edited by George T. Flom, Urbana 1925）.
72 Grettir’s Saga, chapters 18–19（Kar the Old）, 32–5（Glam）（translated by George Ainslie Hight, London 1914）.
73 Richard Frye, Ibn Fadlan’s Journey to Russia: A Tenth-Century Traveler from Baghdad to the Volga River （Princeton 2005）, pp. 66–67.
74 Frye, Ibn Fadlan’s Journey to Russia, pp. 67–70.
75 P. Sawyer, The Age of the Vikings （London 1971）, pp. 75–77.
76 Thorleif Sjøold, The Viking Ships in Oslo,,（Oslo 1985）, p. 54.
77 见本章上文。
78 ‘The Oseberg Ship Burial, Norway: New Thoughts On the Skeletons From the Grave Mound’ by Per Holck, in European Journal of Archaeology, vol. 9, nos 2–3（August 2006）, pp. 285–310.
79 ‘The“Buddha Bucket” from the Oseberg Find’ by Margaret MacNamidhe in The Irish Arts Review,（1989）, pp. 77–82.
80 Encomium Emmae Reginae, edited by Alistair Campbell, with a supplemen-tary introduction by Simon Keynes（Cambridge 1998）, book 2, chapter 5, p. 21.
81 See Peder Lamm, Stones, Ships and Symbols: The Picture Stones of Gotland from the Viking Age and Before （Visby 1978）, pp. 13–16.
82 Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla （translated by Erling Monsen, Cambridge 1932）, pp. 181–182.
