For many years, Jony had transcended his role as IDg head, particularly by growing into his unusual partnership with Steve Jobs. Jobs saw Jony as a true collaborator and innovator.
“He understands business concepts, marketing concepts. He picks stuff up just like that, click,” Jobs told Isaacson. “He understands what we do at our core better than anyone. If I had a spiritual partner at Apple, it’s Jony. Jony and I think up most of the products together and then pull others in and say, ‘Hey, what do you think about this?’ He gets the big picture as well as the most infinitesimal details about each product. And he understands that Apple is a product company. He’s not just a designer.”21
Friends and ex-friends alike acknowledge that Jony has carefully guarded his image as a soft-spoken English gentleman—but that’s he is also a practiced corporate player. Generous and protective as he may be of his IDg team, Jony has a healthy ego and isn’t shy about claiming personal credit for ideas or innovations. His jousts with Forstall and Rubinstein reveal another more aggressive facet of his character: He isn’t afraid to take on executive colleagues. To judge from the outcomes of the corporate contretemps that have come to light, Jony Ive possesses both the determination and the corporate firepower to prevail when he chooses to engage in such turf battles.
In the creative sphere, there’s little doubt that Jobs groomed Jony as his absolute successor, though without the CEO title. Cook would keep the trains running on time, but Jony, as the product champion, was endowed with operational muscle across the company.
The result has been that, in many ways, things have stayed the same. “We’re developing products in exactly the same way that we were two years ago, five years ago, ten years ago,” said Jony. “It’s not that there are a few of us working in the same way: there is a large group of us working in the same way.”22
Jony clearly seeks to maintain Jobs’s values: To Jony, as it was to Jobs, making “great products” is much more important than the balance sheet. “Our goal isn’t to make money,” Jony told a surprised audience at the British Embassy’s Creative Summit in July 2012. “Our goal absolutely at Apple is not to make money. This may sound a little flippant, but it’s the truth. Our goal and what gets us excited is to try to make great products. We trust that if we are successful people will like them, and if we are operationally competent we will make revenue, but we are very clear about our goal.”23
Jony explained that he learned this lesson from Jobs when Apple was poised to go under. “Apple was very close to bankruptcy and to irrelevance [but] you learn a lot about life through death, and I learnt a lot about vital corporations by experiencing a non-vital corporation,” he told the conference. “You would have thought that, when what stands between you and bankruptcy is some money, your focus would be on making some money, but that was not [Steve Jobs’s] preoccupation. His observation was that the products weren’t good enough and his resolve was, ‘We need to make better products.’ That stood in stark contrast to the previous attempts to turn the company around.”
Jony is also committed to maintaining Jobs’s renowned focus. Jobs always said that focus isn’t a question of saying yes to projects; it’s saying no. Under Jony’s guidance, Apple has remained highly disciplined in “saying no” to products that are “competent” as opposed to “great.”
“We have been, on a number of occasions, preparing for mass production and in a room and realized we are talking a little too loud about the virtues of something. That to me is always the danger, if I’m trying to talk a little too loud about something and realizing I’m trying to convince myself that something’s good,” he said.24
Clive Grinyer, Jony’s first business partner, expressed confidence that Jony would catapult Apple to even greater heights.
“Jony never was just the designer,” said Grinyer. “He always played a much more strategic role at Apple. That includes also the user interface, for which he also helped make the decisions. . . . Jony is now in the strategic position. I always felt very optimistic about Apple, because so much of Apple’s success has been due to Jony. Steve unlocked Jony. Steve took Jony away from printer lids and gave him the job he was capable of. . . . Steve gave Jony the confidence to bring out his innate design talent and create amazing products. And from now he will carry on as normal.
“Apple was already a pretty amazing company, but the level they have reached in the last ten years is because they have had Jony, empowered by Steve, to produce that incredible panel of work.”25
Grinyer took his argument one step further. “Believe it or not, Jony’s leaving would be worse for Apple than Jobs’s leaving. Jony is irreplaceable. If he were to go, to get another design leader with that sense of humanity, vision, calmness and ability to keep the team together, would be impossible. Apple would become something different.”26
As Jony has said, “A big definition of who you are as a designer, it’s the way you look at the world. And I guess one of the curses of what you do, is you are constantly looking at something and thinking, ‘Why? Why is it like that? Why is it like that and not like this?’”27
Very likely, as a man who see himself “constantly designing,” Jony Ive will continue to do precisely that at Apple into a future that will feature new designs, new products—and some happy surprises.
Reading the Weft and Warp
There are intriguing symmetries and continuities to be observed in Jony’s life and career. His father was an education reformer whose work directly affected his son’s design schooling. Jony’s first school projects were futuristic phones in white plastic. A prototype tablet got him his job at Apple.
Jony’s career has been marked by connections (Grinyer, Brunner) and coincidences (Brunner moving to Apple). But if there have been a few lucky breaks, it is equally true that he made his own luck.
Jony was always crazy for design. As a kid, he wasn’t just talented, he was a design prodigy. He was aided by his dad, whose personal passion was instilling a passion for design in Britain’s school kids. His education at Newcastle Polytechnic was very hands-on, likewise developing his ongoing interest in making, which would be apparent again later in his love of making prototypes and pioneering new forms of mass production.
Jony’s early experience as a consultant at Tangerine built in him a consultant’s mentality and workflow, which Jony brought to Apple, where the design studio operates like a consultancy, only within a large corporation.
“I had been concerned that moving away from working independently for a number of clients on a broad range of products would be difficult,” he once said. “Surprisingly this has not been an issue, as we are really designing systems that include so many different components—headphones, remote controls, a mouse, speakers as well as computers.”28
Some of Jony’s first work at Apple, including the Newton MessagePad and the Twentieth Anniversary Mac, were harbingers. Jony hired many of the core members of his team when Apple was in difficulty, and he protected and nurtured them during Apple’s darkest days. It was this team that would contribute so much to Apple’s smash hits in the years that followed.
His collaboration with Steve Jobs, starting with the iMac, became nothing less than one of the most fruitful creative partnerships in history. Together they reset Apple’s engineering-driven culture and created a much more tightly integrated design-driven approach, where “design” (meaning creative engineering, whether it’s hardware, software or advertising) permeated everything the company does.
The products that followed sent Jony deep into new materials and manufacturing methods, driven by his desire always to find a better way. The iPod was a product of Jony’s simplification philosophy. It could have been just another complex MP3 player, but instead he turned it into the iconic gadget that set the design cues for later mobile devices. Two more delightful innovations, the iPhone and iPad, were products of thinking differently, of creative engineering at work in rational problem solving on many levels.
The unibody process is Jony’s genius for simplification applied to process manufacturing. With his work in machining, it’s not unreasonable to say he achieved some pinnacle of making on an industrial scale. No wonder D&AD, in 2012, named Apple the best design studio and best brand of the past fifty years. D&AD awards are the Oscars of the industry, and Jony has ten of them, more than any other designer.
The process of simplification is design 101, a mind-set that every design student is taught in school. But not every student adopts it, and it’s rarely applied with the ruthless discipline practiced by Jony. Indeed, if there’s such a thing as a single secret to what Jony Ive does, it is to follow slavishly the simplification philosophy. That approach has accounted for many of the major breakthroughs, as well as for some products that failed and others that Apple hasn’t released. Caring enough to commit the enormous time and effort to get something right has also been Jony’s hallmark, from his earliest college projects onward.
Jony’s ultimate goal is for his designs to disappear. The shy boy from Chingford is happiest when the user doesn’t notice his work at all. “It’s a very strange thing for a designer to say, but one of the things that really irritates me in products is when I’m aware of designers wagging their tails in my face,” he said. “Our goal is simple objects, objects that you can’t imagine any other way. . . . Get it right, and you become closer and more focused on the object. For instance, the iPhoto app we created for the new iPad, it completely consumes you and you forget you are using an iPad.”29
Andrew Hargadon, a design and innovation professor at the University of California at Davis, who worked in Apple’s design studio before Jony took over, said not only has Jony made computers and smartphones indispensable, he’s also driving a cultural shift for better design.
“When the iMac first came out in jelly bean colors, so many other different products came out following that lead. There were staplers in six jelly bean colors. The iMac turned consumers into design aficionados to a much greater degree than they were before,” Hargadon said. “That’s probably the single greatest effect, that we nowadays expect many things to have better designs. Because of Apple, we got to compare crappy portable computers versus really nice ones, crappy phones versus really nice ones. We saw a before-and-after effect. Not over a generation, but within a few years. Suddenly 600 million people had a phone that put to shame the phone they used to have. That is a design education at work within our culture.”30
Jony’s challenge now is to keep Apple fresh and innovative. In the dark days before Jobs returned, the biggest risk was not being risky. If Apple hadn’t taken risks—some of which paid off big—it might have been out of the game. Today, as an immensely successful corporation with established territories and a dominant place in several markets, the danger has passed and, with each generation of Apple’s products, the generational leaps grow more incremental and pose fewer risks.
But Apple’s success—and the continuity that Jony has brought to the company—has come to mean that the customer can now almost anticipate what a product is going to look like; the shock of the new is gone. “Apple has created a very careful brand DNA, which has however become a noose around their necks, from which they cannot shift,” warned Professor Alex Milton. “Apple has gone from being the alternative to the mainstream.”31
Milton sees this as a tension for Jony, given that more recent graduates of the sort of design schools he attended are now rejecting that aesthetic. “Ive is the establishment,” asserted Milton. “The challenge for Ive is, can he reinvent himself, or is he stuck in time?
“Apple has to find a new language, and the challenge is, what is, that going to be? I have confidence that Jony Ive has the wherewithal to drive the next step for Apple, but this is by far the most difficult point.”
Jony Ive (circled)as a student at Walton High School in Stafford, UK.A concept sketch for an electronic pen that wrote in different line widths and patterns.Jony’s Zebra TX2 pen had a special mechanism at the top just for its owners to fiddle with. A tactile fiddle factor would be an ongoing motif in Jony’s work.One of Jony’s projects at Newcastle reimagined the landline telephone. He called it the Orator.These are some of Jony’s initial sketches for a power drill for UK manufacturer Kango.Jony’s first major project at Apple was the redesigned Lindy MessagePad 110, which won him a bunch of design awards—but the product never really took off.Like a lot of prototypes, Jony’s Lindy MessagePad was made in clear acrylic to check its thermal heat-dissipation.This Baby Mac from frog design is the precursor to the iMac, and a good example of the Snow White design language. Steve Jobs was working on it when he quit/was fired from Apple in 1985.Frog design’s Snow White aesthetic was so influential it set the design language for a generation of computers.When Jony Ive joined Apple in 1992, the design team was slowly trying to move away from Snow White which had dominated the ‘80s.The Domesticated Mac was one of Jony Ive’s first speculative designs for Apple. It was an attempt to design a computer for the home, not an office environment.Another of Jony’s early major projects, the Twentieth Anniversary Mac was Apple’s first flatscreen computer. It was also designed for the home, not the office, but bungled pricing and marketing doomed it.The eMate was Apple’s first translucent product. Jony felt that translucency made a product less mysterious and more accessible.Jony Ive (left)with his former boss Jon Rubinstein, head of engineering, with some multicolored iMacs, the first product to bring fashion to computers.Associated Press/Susan RaganAlmost as soon as Steve Jobs returned to Apple in 1997, he formed a deep and productive bond with Jony. The pair shared a fascination with and delight in products and design.This unusual transparent iBook reveals the complex internal metal frame Jony’s design team developed for the iBook, which was a smash success.The distinctive Luxo Lamp iMac G4 was Jony’s second attempt at a flatscreen computer for the home.For a joke, the IDg team designed the inside of the iMac G4’s box to look like male genitals.An engineering prototype of the Power Mac G4 Cube. Jony and Jobs hoped it would be Apple’s ultimate computer, but it bombed.An early engineering prototype of the G4 Cube, and an early design prototype.The guts of the Power Mac Cube. The Cube was an attempt to cram the guts of a desktop computer into a much smaller space.The Power Mac G5 was the first computer to feature an interior that was designed entirely by Jony Ive’s team to be aesthetically pleasing.This early engineering prototype of the iPhone was built to test a lot of new components, like the custom-made ARM chip.This iPhone prototype made in late 2006—just six months before the iPhone went on sale—featured a plastic screen. At the last minute it was switched to much more durable glass.One of the hardest design challenges was fixing the gap between the glass screen and the stainless steel bezel. Jony’s team kept getting their designer stubble caught in the gapThe prototype iPhone was tested with an early beta version of iOS, which had little of the fit and finish of the ultimate product.This iPhone prototype is running a beta version of iOS.This prototype iPad has two dock connectors: one on the bottom and one on the side.Jony is joined by some of his design team at San Francisco’s Apple store, including Daniele De Iuliis (far left), and Danny Coster and Peter Russell-Clarke (right). They are celebrating the first day of iPad sales, which designer Chris Stringer described as a “very special day.”Associated Press/Paul SakumaAlong with Jony, Chris Stringer (left)and Richard Howarth (right)are said to be the core members of Apple’s industrial design team.Sir Jonathan Ive after getting his knighthood with his good friend, designer Marc Newson (who received a CBE for services to design).Jony joins Steve Jobs in a product demonstration shortly before Jobs’s untimely death.Associated Press/Paul SakumaThe MacBook Air was one of the first Apple products to utilize a Unibody design, a major breakthough that reduces a complex computer case to a single hunk of finely machined metal.Apple’s industrial design team, after receiving a D&AD Lifetime Achievement Award in 2012.Associated Press/Rex FeaturesACKNOWLEDGMENTS
