[20] Werth,Alexander,Russia at War(London:Barrie & Rockliff,1964),p.413.
[21] 如今的卢甘斯克。——译者注
[22] 引自Service,Robert,A History of Modern Russia(London:Penguin,2003),p.284。另可参阅Werth,Alexander,Russia at War(London:Barrie & Rockliff,1964),p.417,他对这首诗的引文略有不同。
[23] 引自De Zayas,Alfred,A Terrible Revenge:The Ethnic Cleansing of the East European Germans,2nd edn(New York:Palgrave Macmillan,2006),p.40。关于这段话的其他译文,另可参阅Werth,Alexander,Russia at War(London:Barrie & Rockliff,1964),p.414,以及Tolstoy,Nikolai,Stalin’s Secret War(New York:Holt,Reinhart and Winston,1981),pp.267-8。
[24] Krasnaya Zvezda,13 August 1942,引自Werth,Alexander,Russia at War(London:Barrie & Rockliff,1964),p.414。
[25] De Zayas,Alfred,Nemesis at Potsdam(London:Routledge & Kegan Paul,1977),De Zayas,Alfred,A Terrible Revenge:The Ethnic Cleansing of the East European Germans,2nd edn(New York:Palgrave Macmillan,2006),p.40.
[26] Beevor,Antony,Berlin:The Downfall 1945(London:Penguin,2003),p.199.
[27] Défense de la France,no.44(15 March 1944).
[28] Von Einsiedel,Count Heinrich,The Shadow of Stalingrad:Being the Diary of a Temptation(London:Alan Wingate,1953),p.168.
[29] 如可参阅Von Einsiedel,Count Heinrich,The Shadow of Stalingrad:Being the Diary of a Temptation(London:Alan Wingate,1953),p.164;Beevor,Antony,Stalingrad(London:Viking,1998),pp.386,408。
[30] Rupić,Mate et al(eds.),Partizanska i komunistička represija i zločini u Hrvatskoj 1944-1946:Dokumenti(Slavonski Brod:Hrvatski institut za povijest,2005),docs.10 and 60(pp.60,171);Kurt W.Böhme in Maschke,Erich(ed.),Zur Geschichte der deutschen Kriegsgefangenen des zweiten Weltkrieges,15 vols.(Bielefeld:Ernst & Werner Gieseking,1962-74),vol.I:Jugoslawien,pp.104-34.
[31] Istituto Centrale di Statistica,Morti e Dispersi per Cause Belliche Negli Anni 1940-45(Rome:Istituto Centrale di Statistica,1957),p.10.
[32] Giurescu,Dinu C.,Romania in the Second World War(1939-1945),trans. Eugenia Elena Popescu(New York:Columbia University Press,2000),p.157.
[33] Schieder,Theodor(ed.),Documents on the Expulsion of the Germans from Eastern-Central Europe,trans. G. H. de Sausmarez,4 vols.(Bonn:Federal Ministry for Expellees,Refugees and War Victims,1958-60),vol.II,Hungary,p.46.Glanz,Susan,‘Economic Platforms of the Various Political Parties in the Elections of 1945’,in Nándor Dreisziger(ed.),Hungary in the Age of Total War(1938-1948)(New York:Columbia University Press,1998),p.169,提供了介乎85万至90万之间的更高数字。
[34] Toth,Zoltan,Prisoner of the Soviet Union,trans. George Unwin(Woking:Gresham Press,1978),p.5.
[35] Schuetz,Hans A. D.,Davai,Davai!:Memoir of a German Prisoner of World War II in the Soviet Union(Jefferson,NC,and London:McFarland & Co.,1997),p.21.
[36] 如可参阅Becker,Hans,Devil on My Shoulder,trans. Kennedy McWhirter and Jeremy Potter(London:Four Square Books,1958),pp.73-4;以及Toth,Zoltan,Prisoner of the Soviet Union,trans. George Unwin(Woking:Gresham Press,1978),p.7。南斯拉夫游击队抓获的俘虏也经常没水喝,如可参阅Kurt W.Böhme in Maschke,Erich(ed.),Zur Geschichte der deutschen Kriegsgefangenen des zweiten Weltkrieges,15 vols.(Bielefeld:Ernst & Werner Gieseking,1962-74),vol.X:In amerikanischer Hand,pp.218-19。
[37] Beevor,Antony,Stalingrad(London:Viking,1998),pp.408-9;Becker,Hans,Devil on My Shoulder,trans. Kennedy McWhirter and Jeremy Potter(London:Four Square Books,1958),pp.77-81.
[38] Becker,Hans,Devil on My Shoulder,trans. Kennedy McWhirter and Jeremy Potter(London:Four Square Books,1958),p.87;Toth,Zoltan,Prisoner of the Soviet Union,trans. George Unwin(Woking:Gresham Press,1978),p.48.
[39] Toth,Zoltan,Prisoner of the Soviet Union,trans. George Unwin(Woking:Gresham Press,1978),p.48.
[40] Becker,Hans,Devil on My Shoulder,trans. Kennedy McWhirter and Jeremy Potter(London:Four Square Books,1958),p.184.
[41] Von Einsiedel,Count Heinrich,The Shadow of Stalingrad:Being the Diary of a Temptation(London:Alan Wingate,1953),p.206.
[42] 参阅Bischof,Günter and Stephen E. Ambrose(eds.),Eisenhower and the German POWs:Facts against Falsehood(Baton Rouge and London:Louisiana State University Press,1992),passim。
[43] 来源:Werner Ratza,“Anzahl und Arbeitsleistungen der deutschen Kriegsgefangenen”,in Maschke,Erich(ed.),Zur Geschichte der deutschen Kriegsgefangenen des zweiten Weltkrieges,15 vols.(Bielefeld:Ernst & Werner Gieseking,1962-74),vol.XV:Zusammenfassung,pp.207,224-26。20世纪90年代,Rüdiger Overmans把上述数字与其他相关数字作对照,发现其他数字更为准确,可参阅他的Overmans,Rüdiger,‘German Historiography,the War Losses,and the Prisoners of War’,in Günter Bischof and Stephen E. Ambrose(eds.),Eisenhower and the German POWs:Facts against Falsehood(Baton Rouge and London:Louisiana State University Press,1992),pp.146-63。
[44] Overmans,Rüdiger,‘German Historiography,the War Losses,and the Prisoners of War’,in Günter Bischof and Stephen E. Ambrose(eds.),Eisenhower and the German POWs:Facts against Falsehood(Baton Rouge and London:Louisiana State University Press,1992),p.152.
[45] Overmans,Rüdiger,‘German Historiography,the War Losses,and the Prisoners of War’,in Günter Bischof and Stephen E. Ambrose(eds.),Eisenhower and the German POWs:Facts against Falsehood(Baton Rouge and London:Louisiana State University Press,1992),p.148.
[46] Werner Ratza,“Anzahl und Arbeitsleistungen der deutschen Kriegsgefangenen”,in Maschke,Erich(ed.),Zur Geschichte der deutschen Kriegsgefangenen des zweiten Weltkrieges,15 vols.(Bielefeld:Ernst & Werner Gieseking,1962-74),vol.XV:Zusammenfassung,pp.194-5.
[47] Werner Ratza,“Anzahl und Arbeitsleistungen der deutschen Kriegsgefangenen”,in Maschke,Erich(ed.),Zur Geschichte der deutschen Kriegsgefangenen des zweiten Weltkrieges,15 vols.(Bielefeld:Ernst & Werner Gieseking,1962-74),vol.XV:Zusammenfassung,pp.194-7.
[48] Brian Loring Villa,“The Diplomatic and Political Context of the POW Camps Tragedy”,in Bischof,Günter and Stephen E. Ambrose(eds.),Eisenhower and the German POWs:Facts against Falsehood(Baton Rouge and London:Louisiana State University Press,1992),pp.67-8.
[49] Roosevelt,引自Beschloss,Michael,The Conquerors:Roosevelt,Truman and the Destruction of Hitler’s Germany,1941-1945(New York:Simon & Schuster,2002),p.28。
[50] 关于原始档案,参阅Morgenthau,Henry,Jr,Germany Is Our Problem(New York and London:Harper and Bros,1945),prelim.pages;关于讨论和共识,参阅Beschloss,Michael,The Conquerors:Roosevelt,Truman and the Destruction of Hitler’s Germany,1941-1945(New York:Simon & Schuster,2002),pp.125-31;Rees,Laurence,World War Two behind Closed Doors(London:BBC Books,2008),pp.302-8。
[51] International Committee of the Red Cross,Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross on its activities during the Second World War(September 1,1939-June 30,1947),vol. I:General Activities(Geneva:ICRC,1948),pp.333-5.