[25] 引自Dondi,Mirco,La lunga liberazione:Giustizia e violenza nel dopoguerra italiano(Rome:Riumiti,2004),p.126。一个更文学的译法是:“And you beautiful young girls/ who go with fascists/ your beautiful tresses/ will soon be shaved.”
[26] Novick,Peter,The Resistance versus Vichy(London:Chatto & Windus,1968),pp.69,78.
[27] Rousso,Henry,‘The Purge in France’,in Jon Elster(ed.),Retribution and Reparation in the Transition to Democracy(New York:Cambridge University Press,2006),p.98.按照Diederichs的说法,至少发生在一个荷兰村庄的剃头行为其实是故意尝试延缓所谓“清算日”,Diederichs,Monika,‘Stigma and Silence:Dutch Women,German Soldiers and their Children’,in Kjersti Ericsson and Eva Simonsen(eds.),Children of World War Ⅱ(Oxford and New York;Berg,2005),p.157。
[28] Virgili认为所谓疏导暴力的说法是不确定的,但认为这确实为社区团结提供了纽带,Virgili,Fabrice,Shorn Women:Gender and Punishment in Liberation France,trans. John Flower(Oxford and New York:Berg,2002),pp.93-4,172。
[29] Virgili,Fabrice,Shorn Women:Gender and Punishment in Liberation France,trans. John Flower(Oxford and New York:Berg,2002),pp.65,94.另可参阅the many examples in Brossat,Alain,Les tondues:Un carnaval moche(Paris:Hachette/Pluriel,1992),passim。
[30] 如可参阅the photographs in Warring,Anette,Tyskerpiger-under besœttelse og retsopgør(Copenhagen:Gyldendal,1994),pp.100-101,161.
[31] Virgili,Fabrice,Shorn Women:Gender and Punishment in Liberation France,trans. John Flower(Oxford and New York:Berg,2002),p.192.
[32] Rousso,Henry,‘The Purge in France’,in Jon Elster(ed.),Retribution and Reparation in the Transition to Democracy(New York:Cambridge University Press,2006),p.98.Also variously reported as “My heart is France’s,but my body is mine”,Arletty obituary,Daily Telegraph,27 July 1992;and “My heart is French,but my arse is international” [“Mon coeur est français mais mon cul est international”] according to Buisson,Patrick,1940-1945:The Erotic Years(Paris:Albin Michel,2009),p.9.
[33] Virgili,Fabrice,Shorn Women:Gender and Punishment in Liberation France,trans. John Flower(Oxford and New York:Berg,2002),p.52.
[34] Anthony Eden interview in Marcel Ophüls’s film documentary Le Chagrin et la Pitié,part II:“Le Choix”.
[35] 引自Virgili,Fabrice,Shorn Women:Gender and Punishment in Liberation France,trans. John Flower(Oxford and New York:Berg,2002),p.239。
[36] Warring,Anette,Tyskerpiger-under besœttelse og retsopgør(Copenhagen:Gyldendal,1994),p.146.
[37] 关于荷兰的更高数字,参阅Johr,Barbara,‘Die Ereignisse in Zahlen’,in Helke Sander and Barbara Johr(eds.),Befreier und Befreite:Krieg,Vergewaltigung,Kinder(Frankfurt-am-Main:Fischer Taschenbuch,2006),p.71;Diederichs,Monika,‘Stigma and Silence:Dutch Women,German Soldiers and their Children’,in Kjersti Ericsson and Eva Simonsen(eds.),Children of World War Ⅱ(Oxford and New York;Berg,2005),p.153,认为数字只有1.6万。
[38] 关于挪威的数字,参阅Olsen,Kåre,Schicksal Lebensborn:Die Kinder der Schande und ihre Mütter,trans. Ebba D. Drolshagen(Munich:Knaur,2004),p.7。Olsen认为真实的数字介乎1万至1.2万之间;然而,战时只有8000名儿童被德国生命之源组织正式记录在案,而9000人则是挪威战争儿童委员会的标准数字。
[39] Johr认为数字在8.5万至10万之间,Johr,Barbara,‘Die Ereignisse in Zahlen’,in Helke Sander and Barbara Johr(eds.),Befreier und Befreite:Krieg,Vergewaltigung,Kinder(Frankfurt-am-Main:Fischer Taschenbuch,2006),p.71。8.5万的数字似乎来自1943年10月15日德国档案,后来的估计数字高达20万,参阅Buisson,Patrick,1940-1945:The Erotic Years(Paris:Albin Michel,2009),pp.116-17;Roberts,Andrew,The Storm of War(London:Allen Lane,2009),p.84。
[40] Drolshagen,Ebba D.,Wehrmachtskinder:Auf der Suche nach dem nie gekannten Vater(Munich:Droemer,2005),p.9.
[41] 参阅Diederichs,Monika,‘Stigma and Silence:Dutch Women,German Soldiers and their Children’,in Kjersti Ericsson and Eva Simonsen(eds.),Children of World War Ⅱ(Oxford and New York;Berg,2005),p.157。
[42] Lufotposten,19 May 1945,quoted and translated in Ericsson,Kjersti and Dag Ellingsen,‘Life Stories of Norwegian War Children’,in Kjersti Ericsson and Eva Simonsen(eds.),Children of World War Ⅱ(Oxford and New York:Berg,2005),p.94.
[43] 关于委员会报告的描述,参阅Olsen,Kåre,‘Under the Care of the Lebensborn’,in Kjersti Ericsson and Eva Simonsen(eds.),Children of World War Ⅱ(Oxford and New York:Berg,2005),pp.307-19。
[44] 关于2001年研究计划及其发现的描述,参阅Ericsson,Kjersti and Dag Ellingsen,‘Life Stories of Norwegian War Children’,in Kjersti Ericsson and Eva Simonsen(eds.),Children of World War Ⅱ(Oxford and New York:Berg,2005),pp.93-111。
[45] Olsen,Kåre,‘Under the Care of the Lebensborn’,in Kjersti Ericsson and Eva Simonsen(eds.),Children of World War Ⅱ(Oxford and New York:Berg,2005),p.26.
[46] Borgersrud,Lars,‘Meant to be Deported’,in Kjersti Ericsson and Eva Simonsen(eds.),Children of World War Ⅱ(Oxford and New York:Berg,2005),pp.71-2.
[47] Borgersrud,Lars,‘Meant to be Deported’,in Kjersti Ericsson and Eva Simonsen(eds.),Children of World War Ⅱ(Oxford and New York:Berg,2005),pp.71-2.没有关于战时德国男子与挪威女子结婚的精确数字,但Kåre Olsen估计数字大约为3000对,参阅Olsen,Kåre,‘Under the Care of the Lebensborn’,in Kjersti Ericsson and Eva Simonsen(eds.),Children of World War Ⅱ(Oxford and New York:Berg,2005),p.26。
[48] Borgersrud,Lars,‘Meant to be Deported’,in Kjersti Ericsson and Eva Simonsen(eds.),Children of World War Ⅱ(Oxford and New York:Berg,2005),p.87.
[49] 医生于1990年的评论,引自Olsen,Kåre,‘Under the Care of the Lebensborn’,in Kjersti Ericsson and Eva Simonsen(eds.),Children of World War Ⅱ(Oxford and New York:Berg,2005),p.29。
[50] 关于上述以及其他轶事,参阅Ericsson,Kjersti and Dag Ellingsen,‘Life Stories of Norwegian War Children’,in Kjersti Ericsson and Eva Simonsen(eds.),Children of World War Ⅱ(Oxford and New York:Berg,2005),pp.93-111。
[51] Drolshagen,Ebba D.,Wehrmachtskinder:Auf der Suche nach dem nie gekannten Vater(Munich:Droemer,2005),p.101.
[52] Borgersrud,Lars,‘Meant to be Deported’,in Kjersti Ericsson and Eva Simonsen(eds.),Children of World War Ⅱ(Oxford and New York:Berg,2005),p.85.
[53] Ericsson,Kjersti and Dag Ellingsen,‘Life Stories of Norwegian War Children’,in Kjersti Ericsson and Eva Simonsen(eds.),Children of World War Ⅱ(Oxford and New York:Berg,2005),p.109.
[54] Ericsson,Kjersti and Dag Ellingsen,‘Life Stories of Norwegian War Children’,in Kjersti Ericsson and Eva Simonsen(eds.),Children of World War Ⅱ(Oxford and New York:Berg,2005),pp.105-6.
[55] Drolshagen,Ebba D.,Wehrmachtskinder:Auf der Suche nach dem nie gekannten Vater(Munich:Droemer,2005),p.96.
[56] Arne Øland,“Silences,Public and Private”,in Ericsson,Kjersti and Eva Simonsen(eds.),Children of World War Ⅱ(Oxford and New York:Berg,2005),p.60.
[57] Arne Øland,“Silences,Public and Private”,in Ericsson,Kjersti and Eva Simonsen(eds.),Children of World War Ⅱ(Oxford and New York:Berg,2005),p.60.
[58] Drolshagen,Ebba D.,Wehrmachtskinder:Auf der Suche nach dem nie gekannten Vater(Munich:Droemer,2005),p.118.
[59] Drolshagen,Ebba D.,Wehrmachtskinder:Auf der Suche nach dem nie gekannten Vater(Munich:Droemer,2005),p.137.