[10] 例如,1947年7月,秘密警察头子维克托·阿巴库莫夫就援引斯大林的“指示”为酷刑折磨辩护。参阅Statiev,Alexander,The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands(New York:Cambridge University Press,2010),pp.32-3,247-9,291-2。
[11] Statiev,Alexander,The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands(New York:Cambridge University Press,2010),pp.107-8,112-13.
[12] Lukša,Juozas,Forest Brothers:The Account of an anti-Soviet Lithuanian Freedom Fighter 1944-1948,trans. Laima Vincė(Budapest and New York:Central European University Press,2009),pp.210-11,226-30,305,331,335.
[13] Lukša,Juozas,Forest Brothers:The Account of an anti-Soviet Lithuanian Freedom Fighter 1944-1948,trans. Laima Vincė(Budapest and New York:Central European University Press,2009),p.335.关于其他例子,参阅Lukša,Juozas,Forest Brothers:The Account of an anti-Soviet Lithuanian Freedom Fighter 1944-1948,trans. Laima Vincė(Budapest and New York:Central European University Press,2009),pp.203,225,228,230,240,273;Vardys,V. Stanley and Judith B. Sedaitis,Lithuania:The Rebel Nation(Boulder,CO:Westview Press,1997),p.84;Gaškaitė-Žemaitienė,Nijolė,‘The Partisan War in Lithuania from 1944 to 1953’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),p.35;Statiev,Alexander,The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands(New York:Cambridge University Press,2010),p.108。
[14] Statiev,Alexander,The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands(New York:Cambridge University Press,2010),p.289;Starkauskas,Juozas,‘The NKVD-MVD-MGB Army’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),p.51.
[15] Testimony of Private Strekalov,引自Starkauskas,Juozas,‘The NKVD-MVD-MGB Army’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),pp.50-51。
[16] 这种团体的存在得到西方和苏联双方资料的证实。参阅Misiunas,Romuald and Rein Taagepera,The Baltic States:Years of Dependence 1940-1990(London:Hurst & Co.,1993),p.91;Gaškaitė-Žemaitienė,Nijolė,‘The Partisan War in Lithuania from 1944 to 1953’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),p.31。
[17] Gaškaitė-Žemaitienė,Nijolė,‘The Partisan War in Lithuania from 1944 to 1953’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),p.32;Statiev,Alexander,The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands(New York:Cambridge University Press,2010),p.237.
[18] Starkauskas,Juozas,‘The NKVD-MVD-MGB Army’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),p.60.
[19] Laar,Mart,War in the Woods:Estonia’s Struggle for Survival,trans. Tiina Ets(Washington,DC:The Compass Press,1992),pp.117-19.
[20] Lukša,Juozas,Forest Brothers:The Account of an anti-Soviet Lithuanian Freedom Fighter 1944-1948,trans. Laima Vincė(Budapest and New York:Central European University Press,2009),p.124.
[21] Misiunas,Romuald and Rein Taagepera,The Baltic States:Years of Dependence 1940-1990(London:Hurst & Co.,1993),p.86.
[22] Lukša,Juozas,Forest Brothers:The Account of an anti-Soviet Lithuanian Freedom Fighter 1944-1948,trans. Laima Vincė(Budapest and New York:Central European University Press,2009),pp.101-3,147.
[23] According to Alfred Käärmann,引自Laar,Mart,War in the Woods:Estonia’s Struggle for Survival,trans. Tiina Ets(Washington,DC:The Compass Press,1992),pp.183-4。
[24] Table adapted from Statiev,Alexander,The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands(New York:Cambridge University Press,2010),p.125.
[25] Ilse Iher,引自Laar,Mart,War in the Woods:Estonia’s Struggle for Survival,trans. Tiina Ets(Washington,DC:The Compass Press,1992),p.98。
[26] Memo from Beria to Stalin,引自Statiev,Alexander,The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands(New York:Cambridge University Press,2010),p.132。
[27] Statiev,Alexander,The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands(New York:Cambridge University Press,2010),pp.132-4,137-8;Misiunas,Romuald and Rein Taagepera,The Baltic States:Years of Dependence 1940-1990(London:Hurst & Co.,1993),pp.92-3.
[28] Starkauskas,Juozas,‘The NKVD-MVD-MGB Army’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),p.58.
[29] Statiev,Alexander,The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands(New York:Cambridge University Press,2010),pp.101-2.
[30] Gaškaitė-Žemaitienė,Nijolė,‘The Partisan War in Lithuania from 1944 to 1953’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),p.37.
[31] Strods,Heinrichs,‘The Latvian Partisan War between 1944 and 1956’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),pp.154-5.
[32] Misiunas,Romuald and Rein Taagepera,The Baltic States:Years of Dependence 1940-1990(London:Hurst & Co.,1993),pp.99,102-3.
[33] 上述三国的游击队早已意识到这一点;例如组建“武装战斗同盟”,引自Laar,Mart,War in the Woods:Estonia’s Struggle for Survival,trans. Tiina Ets(Washington,DC:The Compass Press,1992),p.108。
[34] Lukša,Juozas,Forest Brothers:The Account of an anti-Soviet Lithuanian Freedom Fighter 1944-1948,trans. Laima Vincė(Budapest and New York:Central European University Press,2009),pp.24-7.
[35] Gaškaitė-Žemaitienė,Nijolė,‘The Partisan War in Lithuania from 1944 to 1953’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),pp.38,42.基于1989年之前的数字Misiunas和Taagepera乐观地估计1950年还有5000名活跃分子,Misiunas,Romuald and Rein Taagepera,The Baltic States:Years of Dependence 1940-1990(London:Hurst & Co.,1993),p.357。
[36] 参阅Laima Vincė’s afterword to Lukša,Juozas,Forest Brothers:The Account of an anti-Soviet Lithuanian Freedom Fighter 1944-1948,trans. Laima Vincė(Budapest and New York:Central European University Press,2009),pp.385-8。
[37] 最后一位主要游击队领导人阿道法斯·拉马瑙斯卡斯于1956被俘虏,并于1957年11月29日被处决。参阅Gaškaitė-Žemaitienė,Nijolė,‘The Partisan War in Lithuania from 1944 to 1953’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),p.44。
[38] Gaškaitė-Žemaitienė,Nijolė,‘The Partisan War in Lithuania from 1944 to 1953’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),pp.43-4.
[39] 参阅Laar,Mart,War in the Woods:Estonia’s Struggle for Survival,trans. Tiina Ets(Washington,DC:The Compass Press,1992),pp.196-206。
[40] 参阅“Japan:The Last Last Soldier?” Time magazine,13 January 1975;以及Ronald Fraser,In Hiding:The Life of Manuel Cortés(London:Allen Lane,1972)。
[41] 关于抵抗行动只会让苏联的镇压更为严厉的观点,参阅Alexander Statiev’s comparison of Lithuania and Belarus,pp.117,137-8。
[42] Vardys,V. Stanley and Judith B. Sedaitis,Lithuania:The Rebel Nation(Boulder,CO:Westview Press,1997),p.84.
[43] Translated and updated as Forest Brothers;参阅Bibliography。
[44] Laar,Mart,War in the Woods:Estonia’s Struggle for Survival,trans. Tiina Ets(Washington,DC:The Compass Press,1992),passim.
[45] 参阅http://www.patriotai.lt/straipsnis/2009-05-22/jonas-neifalta-lakunas-1910-1945。