饭饭TXT > 海外名作 > 《野蛮大陆:第二次世界大战后的欧洲》作者:[英]基思·罗威【完结】 > 《野蛮大陆:第二次世界大战后的欧洲》作者:[英]基思·罗威.txt

第二十七章.2

作者:英-基思·罗威 当前章节:7741 字 更新时间:2026-6-23 08:59

[10] 例如,1947年7月,秘密警察头子维克托·阿巴库莫夫就援引斯大林的“指示”为酷刑折磨辩护。参阅Statiev,Alexander,The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands(New York:Cambridge University Press,2010),pp.32-3,247-9,291-2。

[11] Statiev,Alexander,The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands(New York:Cambridge University Press,2010),pp.107-8,112-13.

[12] Lukša,Juozas,Forest Brothers:The Account of an anti-Soviet Lithuanian Freedom Fighter 1944-1948,trans. Laima Vincė(Budapest and New York:Central European University Press,2009),pp.210-11,226-30,305,331,335.

[13] Lukša,Juozas,Forest Brothers:The Account of an anti-Soviet Lithuanian Freedom Fighter 1944-1948,trans. Laima Vincė(Budapest and New York:Central European University Press,2009),p.335.关于其他例子,参阅Lukša,Juozas,Forest Brothers:The Account of an anti-Soviet Lithuanian Freedom Fighter 1944-1948,trans. Laima Vincė(Budapest and New York:Central European University Press,2009),pp.203,225,228,230,240,273;Vardys,V. Stanley and Judith B. Sedaitis,Lithuania:The Rebel Nation(Boulder,CO:Westview Press,1997),p.84;Gaškaitė-Žemaitienė,Nijolė,‘The Partisan War in Lithuania from 1944 to 1953’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),p.35;Statiev,Alexander,The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands(New York:Cambridge University Press,2010),p.108。

[14] Statiev,Alexander,The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands(New York:Cambridge University Press,2010),p.289;Starkauskas,Juozas,‘The NKVD-MVD-MGB Army’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),p.51.

[15] Testimony of Private Strekalov,引自Starkauskas,Juozas,‘The NKVD-MVD-MGB Army’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),pp.50-51。

[16] 这种团体的存在得到西方和苏联双方资料的证实。参阅Misiunas,Romuald and Rein Taagepera,The Baltic States:Years of Dependence 1940-1990(London:Hurst & Co.,1993),p.91;Gaškaitė-Žemaitienė,Nijolė,‘The Partisan War in Lithuania from 1944 to 1953’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),p.31。

[17] Gaškaitė-Žemaitienė,Nijolė,‘The Partisan War in Lithuania from 1944 to 1953’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),p.32;Statiev,Alexander,The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands(New York:Cambridge University Press,2010),p.237.

[18] Starkauskas,Juozas,‘The NKVD-MVD-MGB Army’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),p.60.

[19] Laar,Mart,War in the Woods:Estonia’s Struggle for Survival,trans. Tiina Ets(Washington,DC:The Compass Press,1992),pp.117-19.

[20] Lukša,Juozas,Forest Brothers:The Account of an anti-Soviet Lithuanian Freedom Fighter 1944-1948,trans. Laima Vincė(Budapest and New York:Central European University Press,2009),p.124.

[21] Misiunas,Romuald and Rein Taagepera,The Baltic States:Years of Dependence 1940-1990(London:Hurst & Co.,1993),p.86.

[22] Lukša,Juozas,Forest Brothers:The Account of an anti-Soviet Lithuanian Freedom Fighter 1944-1948,trans. Laima Vincė(Budapest and New York:Central European University Press,2009),pp.101-3,147.

[23] According to Alfred Käärmann,引自Laar,Mart,War in the Woods:Estonia’s Struggle for Survival,trans. Tiina Ets(Washington,DC:The Compass Press,1992),pp.183-4。

[24] Table adapted from Statiev,Alexander,The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands(New York:Cambridge University Press,2010),p.125.

[25] Ilse Iher,引自Laar,Mart,War in the Woods:Estonia’s Struggle for Survival,trans. Tiina Ets(Washington,DC:The Compass Press,1992),p.98。

[26] Memo from Beria to Stalin,引自Statiev,Alexander,The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands(New York:Cambridge University Press,2010),p.132。

[27] Statiev,Alexander,The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands(New York:Cambridge University Press,2010),pp.132-4,137-8;Misiunas,Romuald and Rein Taagepera,The Baltic States:Years of Dependence 1940-1990(London:Hurst & Co.,1993),pp.92-3.

[28] Starkauskas,Juozas,‘The NKVD-MVD-MGB Army’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),p.58.

[29] Statiev,Alexander,The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands(New York:Cambridge University Press,2010),pp.101-2.

[30] Gaškaitė-Žemaitienė,Nijolė,‘The Partisan War in Lithuania from 1944 to 1953’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),p.37.

[31] Strods,Heinrichs,‘The Latvian Partisan War between 1944 and 1956’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),pp.154-5.

[32] Misiunas,Romuald and Rein Taagepera,The Baltic States:Years of Dependence 1940-1990(London:Hurst & Co.,1993),pp.99,102-3.

[33] 上述三国的游击队早已意识到这一点;例如组建“武装战斗同盟”,引自Laar,Mart,War in the Woods:Estonia’s Struggle for Survival,trans. Tiina Ets(Washington,DC:The Compass Press,1992),p.108。

[34] Lukša,Juozas,Forest Brothers:The Account of an anti-Soviet Lithuanian Freedom Fighter 1944-1948,trans. Laima Vincė(Budapest and New York:Central European University Press,2009),pp.24-7.

[35] Gaškaitė-Žemaitienė,Nijolė,‘The Partisan War in Lithuania from 1944 to 1953’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),pp.38,42.基于1989年之前的数字Misiunas和Taagepera乐观地估计1950年还有5000名活跃分子,Misiunas,Romuald and Rein Taagepera,The Baltic States:Years of Dependence 1940-1990(London:Hurst & Co.,1993),p.357。

[36] 参阅Laima Vincė’s afterword to Lukša,Juozas,Forest Brothers:The Account of an anti-Soviet Lithuanian Freedom Fighter 1944-1948,trans. Laima Vincė(Budapest and New York:Central European University Press,2009),pp.385-8。

[37] 最后一位主要游击队领导人阿道法斯·拉马瑙斯卡斯于1956被俘虏,并于1957年11月29日被处决。参阅Gaškaitė-Žemaitienė,Nijolė,‘The Partisan War in Lithuania from 1944 to 1953’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),p.44。

[38] Gaškaitė-Žemaitienė,Nijolė,‘The Partisan War in Lithuania from 1944 to 1953’,in Arvydas Anušauskas(ed.),The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States(Vilnius:Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania,2000),pp.43-4.

[39] 参阅Laar,Mart,War in the Woods:Estonia’s Struggle for Survival,trans. Tiina Ets(Washington,DC:The Compass Press,1992),pp.196-206。

[40] 参阅“Japan:The Last Last Soldier?” Time magazine,13 January 1975;以及Ronald Fraser,In Hiding:The Life of Manuel Cortés(London:Allen Lane,1972)。

[41] 关于抵抗行动只会让苏联的镇压更为严厉的观点,参阅Alexander Statiev’s comparison of Lithuania and Belarus,pp.117,137-8。

[42] Vardys,V. Stanley and Judith B. Sedaitis,Lithuania:The Rebel Nation(Boulder,CO:Westview Press,1997),p.84.

[43] Translated and updated as Forest Brothers;参阅Bibliography。

[44] Laar,Mart,War in the Woods:Estonia’s Struggle for Survival,trans. Tiina Ets(Washington,DC:The Compass Press,1992),passim.

[45] 参阅http://www.patriotai.lt/straipsnis/2009-05-22/jonas-neifalta-lakunas-1910-1945。

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