饭饭TXT > 海外名作 > 《野蛮大陆:第二次世界大战后的欧洲》作者:[英]基思·罗威【完结】 > 《野蛮大陆:第二次世界大战后的欧洲》作者:[英]基思·罗威.txt

第二章.2

作者:英-基思·罗威 当前章节:7151 字 更新时间:2026-6-23 08:59

[16] Statiev,Alexander,The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands(New York:Cambridge University Press,2010),p.64.

[17] 1938年9月,在英法德意四国签署《慕尼黑协定》后,捷克斯洛伐克被纳粹德国逐步肢解和吞并。1938年10月,纳粹德国占领苏台德区,斯洛伐克建立“自治政府”;1939年3月,斯洛伐克发表“独立宣言”,请求德国“保护”,纳粹德国随即占领斯洛伐克;与此同时,纳粹德国占领捷克,成立“波希米亚和摩拉维亚保护国”;1945年5月,苏联红军解放捷克与斯洛伐克全境,两地重新合并为捷克斯洛伐克;1993年1月1日,捷克斯洛伐克重新分裂为捷克和斯洛伐克两个国家。由于捷克与斯洛伐克曾经几度分合,而西方学者有时亦会以捷克指代捷克斯洛伐克。为忠实于原著,译者在处理涉及捷克与斯洛伐克的专有名词时,一律按照英语原文直译,请读者予以辨别。——译者注

[18] Edith Baneth,引自Smith,Lyn,Forgotten Voices of the Holocaust(London:Ebury Press,2005),p.318。

[19] Moorhouse,Roger,Berlin at War:Life and Death in Hitler’s Capital 1939-45(London:Bodley Head,2010),p.183.

[20] Victor Breitburg,引自Anon.,The Day War Ended:Voices and Memories from 1945(London:Weidenfeld & Nicolson,2005),p.200。

[21] 参阅Friedländer,Saul,The Years of Extermination:Nazi Germany and the Jews 1939-1945(London:Weidenfeld & Nicolson,2007),p.219,更低的战前人数;Snyder,Timothy,The Reconstruction of Nations:Poland,Ukraine,Lithuania,Belarus,1569-1999(New Haven and London:Yale University Press,2003),pp.74 and 86,更高的战前人数,更高的战后比例。另可参阅Skolnik,Fred and Michael Berenbaum(eds.),Encyclopaedia Judaica,22 vols.(Farmington Hills,MI:Thomson Gale,2007),vol.XX,p.531。

[22] Skolnik,Fred and Michael Berenbaum(eds.),Encyclopaedia Judaica,22 vols.(Farmington Hills,MI:Thomson Gale,2007),vol.XX,pp.670,674.

[23] Skolnik,Fred and Michael Berenbaum(eds.),Encyclopaedia Judaica,22 vols.(Farmington Hills,MI:Thomson Gale,2007),vol.XIV,p.294.

[24] Spector,Shmuel,Holocaust of Volhynian Jews,trans. Jerzy Michalowicz(Jerusalem:Yad Vashem,1990),pp.357-8.

[25] Gilbert,Martin,The Routledge Atlas of the Holocaust,4th edn(London and New York:Routledge,2009),p.232.按照纽伦堡审判出示的证据为570万人,但后来的估计为593.39万人,参阅Dawidowicz,Lucy S.,The War against the Jews 1939-1945(Harmondsworth:Pelican,1979),pp.479-80。

[26] Alicia Adams,引自Smith,Lyn,Forgotten Voices of the Holocaust(London:Ebury Press,2005),p.317。她提供的数字极为夸张:在战争爆发时1.7万名犹太人中,只有400名犹太人在苏联解放此地时仍然幸存。参阅Skolnik,Fred and Michael Berenbaum(eds.),Encyclopaedia Judaica,22 vols.(Farmington Hills,MI:Thomson Gale,2007),vol.VI,p.24。

[27] 引自Beevor,Antony and Luba Vinogradova,A Writer at War:Vasily Grossman with the Red Army 1941-1945(London:Pimlico,2006),p.251。

[28] 引自Beevor,Antony and Luba Vinogradova,A Writer at War:Vasily Grossman with the Red Army 1941-1945(London:Pimlico,2006),p.253。

[29] Celina Liberman testimony in Anon.,The Day War Ended:Voices and Memories from 1945(London:Weidenfeld & Nicolson,2005),p.184.

[30] Gilbert,Martin,The Routledge Atlas of the Holocaust,4th edn(London and New York:Routledge,2009),p.229.Dawidowicz认为有300万幸存者,但包括86.8万名俄罗斯犹太幸存者,可参阅Dawidowicz,Lucy S.,The War against the Jews 1939-1945(Harmondsworth:Pelican,1979),p.480。

[31] Gilbert,Martin,The Routledge Atlas of the Holocaust,4th edn(London and New York:Routledge,2009),p.154;Dawidowicz,Lucy S.,The War against the Jews 1939-1945(Harmondsworth:Pelican,1979),p.446.

[32] Steinberg,Jonathan,All or Nothing:The Axis and the Holocaust,1941-1943(London and New York:Routledge,1990),passim.

[33] Gilbert,Martin,The Routledge Atlas of the Holocaust,4th edn(London and New York:Routledge,2009),p.140;Dawidowicz,Lucy S.,The War against the Jews 1939-1945(Harmondsworth:Pelican,1979),pp.464-5.

[34] Gilbert,Martin,The Routledge Atlas of the Holocaust,4th edn(London and New York:Routledge,2009),p.230.

[35] Hondius,Dienke,Return:Holocaust Survivors and Dutch Anti-Semitism,trans. David Colmer(Westport,CT:Praeger,2003),p.97.

[36] 战争期间被杀害的塞尔维亚人数曾被严重夸大。这个可能是最为精确的数字;参阅Tomasevich,Jozo,War and Revolution in Yugoslavia:Occupation and Collaboration(Stanford University Press,2001),pp.727-8。

[37] Zbigniew Ogrodzinski,personal interview,30 October 2007.同样的事也发生在德涅斯特河沿岸;参阅Werth,Alexander,Russia at War(London:Barrie & Rockliff,1964),pp.814-15。

[38] Major A.G.Moon,IWM Docs 06/126/1,typescript memoir,p.50.

[39] Milward,Alan S.,War,Economy and Society 1939-1945(Berkeley and Los Angeles:University of California Press,1979),p.215.

[40] 据1945年12月的统计,只有10%的东欧人口属于少数民族:参阅Pearson,Raymond,National Minorities in Eastern Europe 1848-945(London:Macmillan,1983),p.229。

[41] Farmer,Sarah,Martyred Village(London and Berkeley:University of California Press,2000),passim.

[42] 关于利迪策的统计,参阅Anon.,Komu sluší omluva:Češi a sudetští němci(Dokumenti,fakta,svědectví),p.70;以及Sayer,Derek,The Coasts of Bohemia:A Czech History(Princeton University Press,1998),pp.231 and 369,fn.45。

[43] Miloslava Kalibová interview in Charles Wheeler’s BBC documentary A Shadow Over Europe,2002.

[44] Miloslava Kalibová interview with Carmen T.Illichmann,“Lidice:Remembering the Women and Children”,UW-L Journal of Undergraduate Research,8(2005).

[45] 法国作家,《小王子》作者。——译者注

[46] Saint-Exupéry,Antoine de,Flight to Arras,trans. Lewis Galantière(Harmondsworth:Penguin,1961),p.63.

[47] Major A.G.Moon,IWM Docs 06/126/1,typescript memoir.柏林的男女比例几乎是1比2:参阅Naimark,Norman,The Russians in Germany(Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1997),p.127。

[48] 参阅Barber,John and Mark Harrison,The Soviet Home Front,1941-1945:A Social and Economic History of the USSR in World War Ⅱ(London and New York:Longman,1991),p.207;also Mark Harrison’s essay “The Soviet Union:The Defeated Victor”,in Harrison,Mark(ed.),The Economics of World War Two(Cambridge University Press,1998),p.286;and Milward,Alan S.,War,Economy and Society 1939-1945(Berkeley and Los Angeles:University of California Press,1979),p.212。

[49] 参阅Macardle,Dorothy,Children of Europe:A Study of the Children of Liberated Countries,their War-time Experiences,their Reactions,and their Needs,with a Note on Germany(London:Victor Gollancz,1949),pp.107,202,231.另可参阅Brosse,Thérèse,War-Handicapped Children(Paris:UNESCO,1950),p.29。

[50] Byford-Jones,W.,Berlin Twilight(London:Hutchinson,1947),p.52.

[51] Byford-Jones,W.,Berlin Twilight(London:Hutchinson,1947),p.55.

[52] Macardle,Dorothy,Children of Europe:A Study of the Children of Liberated Countries,their War-time Experiences,their Reactions,and their Needs,with a Note on Germany(London:Victor Gollancz,1949),p.80.这是一个保守的数字:联合国教科文组织于1946年估计的数字为170万人。参阅Brosse,Thérèse,War-Handicapped Children(Paris:UNESCO,1950),p.30。

[53] TNA:PRO FO 938/310.

[54] Andrzej C.,personal interview,3 March 2008.

[55] Brosse,Thérèse,War-Handicapped Children(Paris:UNESCO,1950),p.29.

[56] Andrzej C.,personal interview,3 March 2008.

[57] 按照国际红十字会于1948年的估计,Brosse,Thérèse,War-Handicapped Children(Paris:UNESCO,1950),p.28。

[58] 关于各国的官方数字,参阅Macardle,Dorothy,Children of Europe:A Study of the Children of Liberated Countries,their War-time Experiences,their Reactions,and their Needs,with a Note on Germany(London:Victor Gollancz,1949),pp.58,80,107,156,200,206 and 287。

[59] 参阅,如Lucie Cluver and Frances Gardner,“The Mental Health of Children Orphaned by Aids:A Review of International And Southern African Research”,Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health,19(1)(2007),pp.1-17。把艾滋病孤儿与其他原因(包括战争)导致的孤儿以及非孤儿作对照。

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