饭饭TXT > 海外名作 > 《无情的革命:资本主义的历史》作者:[美]乔伊斯·阿普尔比【完结】 > 《无情的革命:资本主义的历史》作者:[美]乔伊斯·阿普尔比.txt

第十三章 危机与批评论.5

作者:美-乔伊斯·阿普尔比 当前章节:14505 字 更新时间:2026-6-23 08:24

fertilizer,73,74,208,392

financial services,dominance of,413

firms,248-54,301,362

bureaucracy and,249,252

as defense contractors,284

in Japan,272,341

use of term,248

First World,350-51,423

Fleming,Alexander,316

Florence,4-5,32

flyboats,43,52,100

Focus on the Global South,431

food,3,56-86,94,105,113-14,153,209,291

New World,27,28-29,54,60-64

preservation of,42,56,60,63,130

spices and,28

U.S. production of,174,177

see also agriculture;specific foods

Food First,430-31

food prices,51,57,64,65,69-72,79,82,84,116,182,368,369,417,431

economic development limited by,70-72

in France,85

grain,70,71,72,77,194-95,209,431

India and,392,393

Ford,Henry,257-59,319,357,411

Model A and T of,258-59,261,337

Ford dealerships,258-59

Ford Foundation,391-92

Fordism,258

Ford Motor Company,257-59,284,298,337,340,393,410,411

Forest Service,U.S.,279

fossil fuels,123,140-41,147,208,264,422

see also coal;oil

Four Little Tigers,334,350,352-56,366,369

see also Hong Kong;Singapore;South Korea;Taiwan

France,49-52,172,182,193,199,358,412,414,424,433

agriculture in,51,52,84-85,114-15,129,195

automobiles in,257,258,298

banks in,112,173,188

British rivalry with,138

colonial wars of,285,286

commercial capitalism and,54

computers in,344-45

copying England and,21,120

currency of,195

emigrants from,189,210

empire building and,229,234,235,236,240,242,245,268,285,420

Enlightenment in,144,156-57

in German occupation,294

Great Depression in,277

guest workers in,299-300

indicative path and,289

industrial espionage of,165

industrialization in,51,52,144,146,212,418

in New World,9,10,50,63,112,128-29,136,235

physiocracy in,114-15

population growth in,79,80,84

postwar,289,290,296,299-300,325

pottery making in,148

privateers and pirates of,37,38-39

railroads in,183,185

science in,142

single mothers in,361

slavery abolished by,136

slave trade of,121,129

socialists in,289

syndicalists in,212

taxes in,51,85,112-15

trade of,8,28,31,34,35,38-39,47,49,64,85,123,124,138,305

transportation problems in,51,84,129,173,305

wars of,52,111,123-24,168-69,173

World Trade Organization and,370

World War Ⅰ and,265-70,276,296

World War Ⅱ and,280,281,283,285,316

Franco,Francisco,293

Franco-Prussian War(1870-1871),173,196,235,266,269

Frank,Andrew Gunder,351

Frank,Barney,414

Franklin,Benjamin,144

freedom,160,161-62,278,304,418,429

of expression,93

political,420

sexual,260,361

free enterprise,24-25,122,131,176,194,246,267,291

democracy and,366

ethic of pleasure and,416

optimism and,273

freeholders(yeomen),57,71,76,82

free trade,107,164,169,176,254,270,305,367,368

French East India Company,49

French Revolution,52,67,156-57,168,169,174,241,434

Frick,Henry Clay,220

Friedman,Milton,332-33,351

Friedman,Rose,332

Friedman,Thomas,415

Fujitsu,349

G7 countries,414

G20 countries,414-15

Gabilondo,Iñaki,94

Galileo Galilei,97,141,142,143

Gandhi,Mahatma,387,396,397,398

gasoline,204,260,261,326

gas stations,260

Gates,Bill,202,203,343-44,348,427

genenomics,362

General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade(GATT),292,367

General Electric,342,409

General Motors(GM),250,251,259,284,298,321,337,340,341,414

decline of,410-11

in India,393

Genoa,8,32,292

Georgia,151,175

Germany,Germans,120,167-74,198-202,286,335,414,415,424

agriculture in,164,170-71,208,255,292

Allied occupation of,294

automobiles in,199,257,258,298,299

banks in,173,186,187-88

computers in,344-45

corporations in,193-94,252-55

currency of,195

depression in,196

economic development in,167,170-74,185,199

education in,214,254,255

emigrants from,174,210,211

empire building and,229,234-37,240,268,420

Great Britain compared with,199,248,255

Great Depression in,277,298

hyperinflation in,270

industrial espionage of,165

industrialization in,146,164,165,173,199,212,215,255,265-66,418

labor activists in,213-14

leviathans of industry in,200-202,206-8

nationalism in,168-73,185,199

Nazi,see Nazis

population growth in,65,80,84,255

postwar,290,292,294,295,325

Río Tinto mines and,238-39

science in,63,142,207,208,311-13,315-16

technology in,182-85

trade of,138

transportation in,172-73,183,185,194,199

U.S. compared with,167-68,172,181,198,213,255

wars of,65,172,173,184,208,255,276

in World War Ⅰ,265-70,276,283

in World War Ⅱ,280-81,283-85

GI Bill,300,303,310

Gilbert,W.S.,246

Gilded Era,202,217

Glass-Steagall Act(1933),402

globalization(global economy),4,7,23,194,415,423,435

China and,335,382,383,425

Great Depression and,273

India and,335,387,425

recession of 2008-2009 and,400,407,413

supranationalism and,370

U.S. labor and,360

global warming,432

God,17,18,58,125,184-85,220

Goddard,Robert,311-12

Goebbels,Joseph,312

gold,45,48,63,71,131,270

of England,102-3

of Portugal,8,34

of Spain,27,28,30,37,38,100

of U.S.,168,189,203

value of,107-10,195

Golden Rule,99

Goldman,Emma,220

Goldman Sachs,408

gold standard,189,195,196,267

demise of,275-76,325

Gompers,Samuel,219,225-26

Good Hope,Cape of,8,28,29,44,49

Good Housekeeping,224

Goodyear,Charles,238

Google,347,383

Gore,Albert,432

government,14,288-89,297,331-33

agricultural improvement and,76

in communism,213

creation of,109

Friedman on,332,333

government(continued)

Keynes on,277,278,331-33

Locke on,109,110

poverty and,429

government regulation,24,55,59,216-17,263,333,401,409

Graduate,The(movie),309

grain,5,15,57-60,62,64,65-66,70-75,81,84,181

Dutch shipping of,42,43

in France,51,84,85,115

India’s importing of,392-93

price of,70,71,72,77,194-95,209,431

see also rice;wheat

Grameen Bank,426-27,431

Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Service Modernization Act(1999),403,409

gravity,Newton’s work on,97,101,122,142-43

Great Britain,113,122,182-85,198,200,207,335,412,414

automobiles in,258

banks in,390

computers in,344-45

in Concert of Europe,169

constitution of,159

corporations in,192

emigrants from,189,210

empire building and,229-30,234-37,240,268,285,286,354,385-87,420

free trade policy of,164,254

Friedman’s influence in,332

in German occupation,294,298

Germany compared with,199,248,255

gold standard in,195

Great Depression in,275-76,277

in Hong Kong,230,235,245

indicative path and,289

Industrial Revolution in,137-41,145-56,163-67,187-88,212,215

Japan compared with,336,338

Japan’s relations with,242,245

labor activists in,213,214

oil industry of,262

postwar,289,290,299,325

radios in,271

Río Tinto mines and,238-39

rubber plantations of,261

slavery abolished by,136,137

socialists in,289

U.S. compared with,167,199,248

use of term,91

wealth in,91

World War Ⅰ and,265-68,270,276

World War Ⅱ and,279,280-83,285

see also England;Scotland

Great Depression,253,273-80,283,298,301,302,318,331,367,402,414,421

causes of,274,279

New Deal and,278-79

weaknesses of capitalism exposed by,290-91

Great Divergence,12-15

Greater Antilles,125-26

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere,281,282,337

Great Leap Forward,371

Greece,295,424

emigration from,210,211

guest workers from,299-300

Truman Doctrine and,303

Greece,ancient,124,159

greed,23,408-9,422

Greenland,240

Green Revolution,392,432-33

Greenspan,Alan,408,422

G-type automatic loom,336

Guangzhou,375

guest workers,299-300,325

guilds,36,42,55,59,171

guns,234,237

gutta-percha,207

Haber,Fritz,208

Haiti,130,133

Hamilton,Alexander,174,176

Hapsburg Empire,39-40,42,45

Harding,Chester,181

Hargreaves,James,150

Harrington,Michael,328

Haymarket Square riot,218-19

Haywood,Big Bill,219

health,health care,211,315-16,321,392,411,421

in China,378,397

hedge funds,400,405,407,408,409

Helsinki Accord,286,361

Hemings,Elizabeth,175

Henry the Navigator,Prince,8,10

Henry Ⅷ,King of England,99

herring,42,43,52,64,73,99,128

Hershey Company,415

Hill,Joe,219

Hinduism,Hindus,286,396

caste system and,388-89,395,397

Hitachi,342,349

Hitler,Adolf,258,280,281,290,292,298,299

Hobbes,Thomas,19

Ho Chi Minh,268

Hohenzollern dynasty,173

Holland,see Amsterdam;Netherlands

Holy Roman Empire,168-69,171

Home Depot,359

Honda,339-40,393,410

Hong Kong,282,334-35,350,352-55,358,380,384,402

British in,230,235,245,286,354,375

Hoover,Herbert,275

Hoovervilles,275

horse power,147

horses,61,67,74,147

House of Commons,English,47,117,130,156

House of Lords,English,117

houses,housing,301,302,306,324,333,404,433

price of,400,405,407,408,410

see also mortgages

Hu Jintao,415

Human Genome Project,361-62

human nature,4,17,91,102,107,362-63,420

definitions of,19

Smith’s opinions about,19-20

human rights,161,216,361,396,420

Hume,David,112

Hungary,84,173,210,270,290,385

hydrogen bomb,304

hyphenated Americans,212,221

Hyundai,352

IBM(International Business Machines),315,317-20,341,415-16

personal computers and,343-45,349,350

Iceland,402

ICICI,427

Illinois,University of,346

immigration,immigrants,86,174,209-12,215,282,299,320,419-20,423

to California,189,210

illegal,219,323

quotas for,221

remittances sent home by,325,392,424

unions and,218,221,302

U.S. living conditions of,217,218

to Western Europe,299

imperative path,289,290

import substitution,276,351,353

Inca,28,30,46,100,145

income,84,85,330,335,352,367,374,422

agricultural,78,392

disposable,71,360

fixed,332

see also wages

income tax,263,300,322

Inconvenient Truth,An(movie),432

incorporation:

benefits of,191-94

as shared asset,430

see also corporations

indentured servants,50,128,131

India,21,49,207,235,237,335,366-70,385-99,414,423,425,431

abortion in,355

agriculture in,368,390-93

automobiles in,393

banks in,394,413,427

as BRIC,398,424

call centers in,390

castes in,388-89,395,397,398

China compared with,387-88,390-91,393,394,397-98

China’s relations with,381

consumers in,393,394-95,397

India(continued)

cottons of,87,103-4,106,140,151,386

dams in,315

democracy in,366,387,389,397

education in,379,391,392

emigrants from,210,392,424

English in,39,45,103,164,281,326,385-89,391,396

food imports of,392-93

Great Depression and,276

independence of,285,387,389,396

marriage in,69

modernization of,389-94

Muslims in,27,389,396

nationalists in,268,387

opium in,229

Point Four program in,293,329

Portuguese in,8,30

Russia compared with,385

sugar in,126

trade of,28,397

transportation in,392,393

urban renewal in,394

World Trade Organization and,367-70,398

Indian Appropriation Act(1871),196

Indian National Congress(INC),387

Indian Ocean,27,38,39,242,381

China in,8

Portuguese in,27,30,34,52

indicative path,289-90

indigo,132,151

Indochina:

French,235,268,285,286

Japanese in,285,382

Indonesia,39,355,381

industrial espionage,164-65,228

Industrial Evolution,137-38

Industrial Revolution,11,13,24,137-41,145-56,163-67

Luddites and,152,153

Industrial Workers of the World(IWW;Wobblies),219-21

industry,industrialization,4,11-14,16,23,68,69,118,212-13,418-19

Agricultural Revolution and,85-86

appearance of factories and,148-50,152-55,160

culture and,165,167

as human goal,166

inventions and,137-41,145-47,152-53,161

leviathans of,200-208

resistance to,152-54

scope of,255-59

sequence of,335

inequality,363,392,417,434

inflation,46,71,72,112,326,328,331,332

after World War Ⅰ,270

information technology(IT),348-49,357,360,382

see also computers;computers,personal;Internet

informative path,289,290-91

innovation,4,7,11-14,16,25,87-89,295,363,434

agricultural,12,13,21,52,64,73-84,116

Dutch,40,53,73-75

in England,11,12,75-78,87,92,94,115,120,137-41,145-47,199

in Germany,167,183,199,207-8,254-55

industrial,137-41,145-47,155-56,254-57

in U.S.,167,179-80,183,199,255-59,307-9,313-20

Institute for Liberty and Democracy,429

insurance companies,187,260,318,403

integrated circuit,343,347-48

Intel,330,343,344,349

intellectual property rights,368-69

interchangeability of participants,198

interchangeable parts,179

intercontinental ballistic missile system,304

interest rates,42,113,401-2,404,405,426

Dutch,100,101

usury and,98-101

internal combustion machines,167

Internal Revenue Service,300

International Association of the Congo,234

International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement,391

International Monetary Fund,292,351,356,368,384

International Rice Research Institute,391

International Telephone and Telegraph,249

International Workingmen’s Association(IWA;First International),213

Internet,345-47,349,415,423,427,435

Internet Explorer,346

Interstate Commerce Commission,263

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