fertilizer,73,74,208,392
financial services,dominance of,413
firms,248-54,301,362
bureaucracy and,249,252
as defense contractors,284
in Japan,272,341
use of term,248
First World,350-51,423
Fleming,Alexander,316
Florence,4-5,32
flyboats,43,52,100
Focus on the Global South,431
food,3,56-86,94,105,113-14,153,209,291
New World,27,28-29,54,60-64
preservation of,42,56,60,63,130
spices and,28
U.S. production of,174,177
see also agriculture;specific foods
Food First,430-31
food prices,51,57,64,65,69-72,79,82,84,116,182,368,369,417,431
economic development limited by,70-72
in France,85
grain,70,71,72,77,194-95,209,431
India and,392,393
Ford,Henry,257-59,319,357,411
Model A and T of,258-59,261,337
Ford dealerships,258-59
Ford Foundation,391-92
Fordism,258
Ford Motor Company,257-59,284,298,337,340,393,410,411
Forest Service,U.S.,279
fossil fuels,123,140-41,147,208,264,422
see also coal;oil
Four Little Tigers,334,350,352-56,366,369
see also Hong Kong;Singapore;South Korea;Taiwan
France,49-52,172,182,193,199,358,412,414,424,433
agriculture in,51,52,84-85,114-15,129,195
automobiles in,257,258,298
banks in,112,173,188
British rivalry with,138
colonial wars of,285,286
commercial capitalism and,54
computers in,344-45
copying England and,21,120
currency of,195
emigrants from,189,210
empire building and,229,234,235,236,240,242,245,268,285,420
Enlightenment in,144,156-57
in German occupation,294
Great Depression in,277
guest workers in,299-300
indicative path and,289
industrial espionage of,165
industrialization in,51,52,144,146,212,418
in New World,9,10,50,63,112,128-29,136,235
physiocracy in,114-15
population growth in,79,80,84
postwar,289,290,296,299-300,325
pottery making in,148
privateers and pirates of,37,38-39
railroads in,183,185
science in,142
single mothers in,361
slavery abolished by,136
slave trade of,121,129
socialists in,289
syndicalists in,212
taxes in,51,85,112-15
trade of,8,28,31,34,35,38-39,47,49,64,85,123,124,138,305
transportation problems in,51,84,129,173,305
wars of,52,111,123-24,168-69,173
World Trade Organization and,370
World War Ⅰ and,265-70,276,296
World War Ⅱ and,280,281,283,285,316
Franco,Francisco,293
Franco-Prussian War(1870-1871),173,196,235,266,269
Frank,Andrew Gunder,351
Frank,Barney,414
Franklin,Benjamin,144
freedom,160,161-62,278,304,418,429
of expression,93
political,420
sexual,260,361
free enterprise,24-25,122,131,176,194,246,267,291
democracy and,366
ethic of pleasure and,416
optimism and,273
freeholders(yeomen),57,71,76,82
free trade,107,164,169,176,254,270,305,367,368
French East India Company,49
French Revolution,52,67,156-57,168,169,174,241,434
Frick,Henry Clay,220
Friedman,Milton,332-33,351
Friedman,Rose,332
Friedman,Thomas,415
Fujitsu,349
G7 countries,414
G20 countries,414-15
Gabilondo,Iñaki,94
Galileo Galilei,97,141,142,143
Gandhi,Mahatma,387,396,397,398
gasoline,204,260,261,326
gas stations,260
Gates,Bill,202,203,343-44,348,427
genenomics,362
General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade(GATT),292,367
General Electric,342,409
General Motors(GM),250,251,259,284,298,321,337,340,341,414
decline of,410-11
in India,393
Genoa,8,32,292
Georgia,151,175
Germany,Germans,120,167-74,198-202,286,335,414,415,424
agriculture in,164,170-71,208,255,292
Allied occupation of,294
automobiles in,199,257,258,298,299
banks in,173,186,187-88
computers in,344-45
corporations in,193-94,252-55
currency of,195
depression in,196
economic development in,167,170-74,185,199
education in,214,254,255
emigrants from,174,210,211
empire building and,229,234-37,240,268,420
Great Britain compared with,199,248,255
Great Depression in,277,298
hyperinflation in,270
industrial espionage of,165
industrialization in,146,164,165,173,199,212,215,255,265-66,418
labor activists in,213-14
leviathans of industry in,200-202,206-8
nationalism in,168-73,185,199
Nazi,see Nazis
population growth in,65,80,84,255
postwar,290,292,294,295,325
Río Tinto mines and,238-39
science in,63,142,207,208,311-13,315-16
technology in,182-85
trade of,138
transportation in,172-73,183,185,194,199
U.S. compared with,167-68,172,181,198,213,255
wars of,65,172,173,184,208,255,276
in World War Ⅰ,265-70,276,283
in World War Ⅱ,280-81,283-85
GI Bill,300,303,310
Gilbert,W.S.,246
Gilded Era,202,217
Glass-Steagall Act(1933),402
globalization(global economy),4,7,23,194,415,423,435
China and,335,382,383,425
Great Depression and,273
India and,335,387,425
recession of 2008-2009 and,400,407,413
supranationalism and,370
U.S. labor and,360
global warming,432
God,17,18,58,125,184-85,220
Goddard,Robert,311-12
Goebbels,Joseph,312
gold,45,48,63,71,131,270
of England,102-3
of Portugal,8,34
of Spain,27,28,30,37,38,100
of U.S.,168,189,203
value of,107-10,195
Golden Rule,99
Goldman,Emma,220
Goldman Sachs,408
gold standard,189,195,196,267
demise of,275-76,325
Gompers,Samuel,219,225-26
Good Hope,Cape of,8,28,29,44,49
Good Housekeeping,224
Goodyear,Charles,238
Google,347,383
Gore,Albert,432
government,14,288-89,297,331-33
agricultural improvement and,76
in communism,213
creation of,109
Friedman on,332,333
government(continued)
Keynes on,277,278,331-33
Locke on,109,110
poverty and,429
government regulation,24,55,59,216-17,263,333,401,409
Graduate,The(movie),309
grain,5,15,57-60,62,64,65-66,70-75,81,84,181
Dutch shipping of,42,43
in France,51,84,85,115
India’s importing of,392-93
price of,70,71,72,77,194-95,209,431
see also rice;wheat
Grameen Bank,426-27,431
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Service Modernization Act(1999),403,409
gravity,Newton’s work on,97,101,122,142-43
Great Britain,113,122,182-85,198,200,207,335,412,414
automobiles in,258
banks in,390
computers in,344-45
in Concert of Europe,169
constitution of,159
corporations in,192
emigrants from,189,210
empire building and,229-30,234-37,240,268,285,286,354,385-87,420
free trade policy of,164,254
Friedman’s influence in,332
in German occupation,294,298
Germany compared with,199,248,255
gold standard in,195
Great Depression in,275-76,277
in Hong Kong,230,235,245
indicative path and,289
Industrial Revolution in,137-41,145-56,163-67,187-88,212,215
Japan compared with,336,338
Japan’s relations with,242,245
labor activists in,213,214
oil industry of,262
postwar,289,290,299,325
radios in,271
Río Tinto mines and,238-39
rubber plantations of,261
slavery abolished by,136,137
socialists in,289
U.S. compared with,167,199,248
use of term,91
wealth in,91
World War Ⅰ and,265-68,270,276
World War Ⅱ and,279,280-83,285
see also England;Scotland
Great Depression,253,273-80,283,298,301,302,318,331,367,402,414,421
causes of,274,279
New Deal and,278-79
weaknesses of capitalism exposed by,290-91
Great Divergence,12-15
Greater Antilles,125-26
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere,281,282,337
Great Leap Forward,371
Greece,295,424
emigration from,210,211
guest workers from,299-300
Truman Doctrine and,303
Greece,ancient,124,159
greed,23,408-9,422
Greenland,240
Green Revolution,392,432-33
Greenspan,Alan,408,422
G-type automatic loom,336
Guangzhou,375
guest workers,299-300,325
guilds,36,42,55,59,171
guns,234,237
gutta-percha,207
Haber,Fritz,208
Haiti,130,133
Hamilton,Alexander,174,176
Hapsburg Empire,39-40,42,45
Harding,Chester,181
Hargreaves,James,150
Harrington,Michael,328
Haymarket Square riot,218-19
Haywood,Big Bill,219
health,health care,211,315-16,321,392,411,421
in China,378,397
hedge funds,400,405,407,408,409
Helsinki Accord,286,361
Hemings,Elizabeth,175
Henry the Navigator,Prince,8,10
Henry Ⅷ,King of England,99
herring,42,43,52,64,73,99,128
Hershey Company,415
Hill,Joe,219
Hinduism,Hindus,286,396
caste system and,388-89,395,397
Hitachi,342,349
Hitler,Adolf,258,280,281,290,292,298,299
Hobbes,Thomas,19
Ho Chi Minh,268
Hohenzollern dynasty,173
Holland,see Amsterdam;Netherlands
Holy Roman Empire,168-69,171
Home Depot,359
Honda,339-40,393,410
Hong Kong,282,334-35,350,352-55,358,380,384,402
British in,230,235,245,286,354,375
Hoover,Herbert,275
Hoovervilles,275
horse power,147
horses,61,67,74,147
House of Commons,English,47,117,130,156
House of Lords,English,117
houses,housing,301,302,306,324,333,404,433
price of,400,405,407,408,410
see also mortgages
Hu Jintao,415
Human Genome Project,361-62
human nature,4,17,91,102,107,362-63,420
definitions of,19
Smith’s opinions about,19-20
human rights,161,216,361,396,420
Hume,David,112
Hungary,84,173,210,270,290,385
hydrogen bomb,304
hyphenated Americans,212,221
Hyundai,352
IBM(International Business Machines),315,317-20,341,415-16
personal computers and,343-45,349,350
Iceland,402
ICICI,427
Illinois,University of,346
immigration,immigrants,86,174,209-12,215,282,299,320,419-20,423
to California,189,210
illegal,219,323
quotas for,221
remittances sent home by,325,392,424
unions and,218,221,302
U.S. living conditions of,217,218
to Western Europe,299
imperative path,289,290
import substitution,276,351,353
Inca,28,30,46,100,145
income,84,85,330,335,352,367,374,422
agricultural,78,392
disposable,71,360
fixed,332
see also wages
income tax,263,300,322
Inconvenient Truth,An(movie),432
incorporation:
benefits of,191-94
as shared asset,430
see also corporations
indentured servants,50,128,131
India,21,49,207,235,237,335,366-70,385-99,414,423,425,431
abortion in,355
agriculture in,368,390-93
automobiles in,393
banks in,394,413,427
as BRIC,398,424
call centers in,390
castes in,388-89,395,397,398
China compared with,387-88,390-91,393,394,397-98
China’s relations with,381
consumers in,393,394-95,397
India(continued)
cottons of,87,103-4,106,140,151,386
dams in,315
democracy in,366,387,389,397
education in,379,391,392
emigrants from,210,392,424
English in,39,45,103,164,281,326,385-89,391,396
food imports of,392-93
Great Depression and,276
independence of,285,387,389,396
marriage in,69
modernization of,389-94
Muslims in,27,389,396
nationalists in,268,387
opium in,229
Point Four program in,293,329
Portuguese in,8,30
Russia compared with,385
sugar in,126
trade of,28,397
transportation in,392,393
urban renewal in,394
World Trade Organization and,367-70,398
Indian Appropriation Act(1871),196
Indian National Congress(INC),387
Indian Ocean,27,38,39,242,381
China in,8
Portuguese in,27,30,34,52
indicative path,289-90
indigo,132,151
Indochina:
French,235,268,285,286
Japanese in,285,382
Indonesia,39,355,381
industrial espionage,164-65,228
Industrial Evolution,137-38
Industrial Revolution,11,13,24,137-41,145-56,163-67
Luddites and,152,153
Industrial Workers of the World(IWW;Wobblies),219-21
industry,industrialization,4,11-14,16,23,68,69,118,212-13,418-19
Agricultural Revolution and,85-86
appearance of factories and,148-50,152-55,160
culture and,165,167
as human goal,166
inventions and,137-41,145-47,152-53,161
leviathans of,200-208
resistance to,152-54
scope of,255-59
sequence of,335
inequality,363,392,417,434
inflation,46,71,72,112,326,328,331,332
after World War Ⅰ,270
information technology(IT),348-49,357,360,382
see also computers;computers,personal;Internet
informative path,289,290-91
innovation,4,7,11-14,16,25,87-89,295,363,434
agricultural,12,13,21,52,64,73-84,116
Dutch,40,53,73-75
in England,11,12,75-78,87,92,94,115,120,137-41,145-47,199
in Germany,167,183,199,207-8,254-55
industrial,137-41,145-47,155-56,254-57
in U.S.,167,179-80,183,199,255-59,307-9,313-20
Institute for Liberty and Democracy,429
insurance companies,187,260,318,403
integrated circuit,343,347-48
Intel,330,343,344,349
intellectual property rights,368-69
interchangeability of participants,198
interchangeable parts,179
intercontinental ballistic missile system,304
interest rates,42,113,401-2,404,405,426
Dutch,100,101
usury and,98-101
internal combustion machines,167
Internal Revenue Service,300
International Association of the Congo,234
International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement,391
International Monetary Fund,292,351,356,368,384
International Rice Research Institute,391
International Telephone and Telegraph,249
International Workingmen’s Association(IWA;First International),213
Internet,345-47,349,415,423,427,435
Internet Explorer,346
Interstate Commerce Commission,263